一起雷电感应引起的较大亡人火灾的认定

介绍了一起雷电感应引起的较大亡人火灾事故,分析了起火部位和起火点的认定过程,排除法初步确定起火原因,并通过对火灾现场的剩磁检测进一步证实为:室内铁磁体遭受雷击电磁感应产生的电弧、火花、高温引燃室内可燃物成灾。提出了预防雷电火灾的建议。     

七氟丙烷灭火系统应用之优化

分析了减少分解物 HF生成量的方法 ,并阐述如何改进系统设计加以实现 ,以及提高灭火效果 ,改善组合分配系统设计条件。     

一起使用香火不慎亡人火灾的调查认定

介绍一起使用香火不慎亡人火灾事故调查,结合证人证言和现场勘验中木材、金属、烟熏等多种痕迹物证,运用分析、推理、模拟实验等方法进行综合分析,认定了火灾原因。     

一起电热烤火器引发的较大亡人火灾的认定

通过介绍一起发生在城市居民住宅死亡3人的火灾事故调查认定过程,论述了在事故主要当事人均在火灾中丧生,缺少直接证据的情况下,深入分析运用火灾现场物证及相关证据材料,形成完整证据链,成功认定一起使用电热烤火器不慎引发火灾原因的要点和体会。并从间接证据证明案件的证明标准和效力的角度,对事故原因认定的属性和效力进行讨论。     

七氟丙烷气体灭火系统在工程中的应用

主要对七氟丙烷气体灭火系统的灭火机理和系统组成进行了分析,并且结合工程实例,阐述了选择七氟丙烷气体灭火系统的原因,并给出七氟丙烷组合灭火系统的计算和应用,从而推广七氟丙烷气体灭火系统在工程中的应用。     

Simulation on indoor aerodynamics induced by an atrium fire

Indoor aerodynamics induced by a fire in an atrium was simulated with the fire field model CC-EXACT. The package was developed from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model EXACT designed for studying indoor air flow induced by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system. The results are compared with those predicted by the two-layer fire zone model FIRST. Both EXACT and FIRST are available from the Building and Fire Research Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA.Three different types of atria commonly found in Hong Kong of the same space volume of 2000 m³ were studied. The results of the interface height and average temperature of the hot-air layer predicted by the field model CC-EXACT were compared with those predicted by the zone model FIRST. Recommendations on selecting a suitable plume model for zone modeling are made.     

城市地震次生火灾蔓延模拟系统

地震次生火灾对人类的危害极大，在震后对火灾的发生和蔓延进行模拟，以便在最短时间内调集有限的消防力量进行救治。在ArcInfo平台上开发了城市地震次生火灾模拟系统，可以模拟地震灾变条件下城市建筑火灾危险性，模拟单个或者多个起火点可能燃烧的范围以及动态蔓延过程。介绍了火灾蔓延过程的模拟和系统的框架，并给出了实例。     

Studying the features of air flow induced by a room ceiling-fan

Creating a breeze in a space is necessary to enhance convective heat transfer and accordingly body heat dissipation. In most tropical countries, ceiling fans are extensively used to create an indoor breeze, improve the space air distribution and, hence enhance the feeling of comfort. The fan speed, diameter, number of blades, blade angle, and location all play an important role in determining the induced flow pattern features in the space.Few previous studies have investigated fan induced flow and its characteristics under different geometric and operating conditions. In this study, an analytical as well as a computational model was used to predict the flow pattern induced by a ceiling fan into a selected space. The numerical and mathematical results were compared to published experimental data. The results showed that the flow pattern has different features as it leaves the fan and proceeds towards the floor. It has a divergence angle of almost 150°. Two correlations are introduced to help predicting the air velocity distribution due to using a ceiling fan.     

从一起轰燃火灾看轰燃对火灾调查的影响

通过一起轰燃火灾事故调查,综合证人证言和火灾现场勘验、火灾物证技术鉴定等,分析认定起火部位、起火点和起火原因,并对在轰燃火灾现场勘验如何认定起火部位、起火点进行探讨.     

论七氟丙烷气体灭火系统的管道吹扫与试压

结合某工程实例,以使用最少限度的气体完成全部管道的压力试验为目标,阐述了采用气体进行严密性试验的具体方案,并指出安全注意事项,以达到经济环保的效果,从而为雨淋系统的消防验收提供了有力保证。     

GIS method for characterizing fire flow capacity

There are numerous methods currently used to calculate required water flow rates for sprinklered and non-sprinklered buildings. The aim of this study is provide a flexible automated procedure for indentifying locations lacking adequate fire flow. To accomplish this objective, this research uses a GIS procedure to determine the spatial relationships between fire hydrants and historical fire incidences, and integrates the recommended hydrant spacing and building type specifications from the International Fire Code. This method was tested in two communities in eastcentral Michigan, USA. The results indicate an ability to define clusters of fires, determine the availability of hydrants, and assess the suitability of the available fire flow, including areas of potential extra capacity. Using these same data, additional GIS analyses can optimize hydrant location, ascertain the frequencies of different categories of fires, and identify the patterns of building types prone to fires.     

由一起火灾事故谈对消防监督工作现状之思考

分析一起因违章电焊所致火灾灾害成因,发现目前消防重点监管范围认识上的疏漏之处,提出建设性的改善措施;总结部分建筑防火技术、固定消防设施在火灾应用中的不足,探讨今后工作方向;分析火灾调查工作的薄弱环节,提出重视、加强和改进灾害成因认定的措施。     

Update: The initial convective flow in fire

This brief note updates correlations established previously by the authors for the ceiling flow generated by fires growing with the second power of time, based on knowledge of the actual heat of combustion of wood, the combustible used in the original experiments leading to the correlations. In addition, the correlations are generalized to include combustibles with a significantly different convective fraction of total heat release rate than wood.     

我国火灾坍塌事故的调查

通过查询文献资料和媒体报道信息，对我国建筑火灾坍塌事故进行了调查，列出了所收集到的27个事例的基本情况，并详细介绍了几个典型事例，总结分析了火灾坍塌事故发生的原因和影响火灾坍塌的因素。     

侧向喷射条件下细水雾扑灭水平表面流淌火研究

为探讨侧向喷射条件下细水雾扑灭流淌火的技术可行性,针对水平表面流淌火,在考虑火焰辐射、燃料与垫层之间的对流换热基础上,建立细水雾在开敞空间扑灭流淌火理论模型,实验研究细水雾喷头排数、倾斜角度对火焰形状、火焰温度、灭火机理和灭火时间的影响。结果表明：细水雾冲击燃料加快其流淌时可以增强灭火能力;采用单排喷头水平喷射时可有效抑制一侧火焰且对火焰拉伸作用最强;采用双排喷头水平喷射时,可有效抑制两侧火焰且灭火速度最快;当喷头向上倾斜15°时,细水雾冷却燃料能力减弱并使灭火时间变长。     

Buckling of fixed-roof aboveground oil storage tanks under heat induced by an external fire

This paper presents computational modeling and results of steel storage tanks under heat induced by an adjacent fire. In this research, modeling is restricted to the structural behavior of the tank, with emphasis on thermal buckling of the shell. Two tanks that buckled under a huge fire in Bayamón, Puerto Rico in 2009, are investigated in detail: a small tank with a self-supported conical roof, and a large tank in which the conical roof is supported by a set of rafters and columns. For a tank that is empty, the results show that a relatively low temperature is enough to produce static buckling of the shell. In pre-buckling states, the cylindrical shell has thermal expansion; at the critical state the displacements reverse and inwards displacements are observed at advanced post-buckling states. Parametric studies are performed to understand the influence of the shell thickness, the level of fluid stored in the tank, the area affected by fire in the circumferential direction, and the temperature gradient through the thickness. The buckling modes are compared with real deflection of tanks that were affected by fire.     

浅谈消防产品的流向监督

简单介绍了目前在防止假冒消防产品中采取的一些措施,探讨在消防产品质量监督中流向监督的模式及应用.     

地铁车站火灾的烟气流动状况研究

以地铁火灾与烟气发展过程的数学模型为基础,建立CFD模拟的物理模型,对岛式无屏蔽门的地铁车站列车火灾进行了数值模拟。分析了火灾发生后的烟气流动规律及温度场和气流场的分布,并与实体燃烧试验的结果进行了对比。结果表明,如果方程模型选用恰当,边界条件设置合理,CFD模拟火灾的结果是能够令人满意的。     

小尺度火旋风火焰质量流量研究

借助两个相对的半圆柱壳体装置在狭缝宽度7.6 cm时产生了小尺度火旋风。利用粒子图像测速法测量了火旋风在4、6、8、10、12 cm高度处的轴向速度,发现其轴向速度沿径向距离逐渐减小,最大轴向速度在中轴线处取得。利用热电偶测量了火旋风中轴线上的温度,发现在连续火焰区中轴线温度变化很小。根据速度数据和温度数据,估算了小尺度火旋风在不同高度处的质量流量,发现其随高度逐渐增大。