捷联惯导系统多位置对准仿真研究

利用把线性时变系统作为分段常系数系统来研究其可观性的方法,对多位置静态捷联惯导系统的误差方程进行了可观性分析,并采用卡尔曼滤波技术,对平台误差角及测量元件误差进行了估计,给出了两位置及三位置的方差仿真曲线。仿真结果表明三位置对准提高了方位误差角及垂直陀螺误差的可观度,从而加速了它们的收敛速度,提高了系统的对准、标定精度。     

车载远程制导导弹传递对准方法研究

针对陆基武器捷联惯导的快速精确初始对准问题,对车载武器在俯仰机动下的传递对准方法进行了研究。首先,以发射车定位定向系统作为主惯导,根据“速度+姿态阵”匹配传递对准原理,建立了子惯导姿态误差方程和速度误差方程;其次,基于可观测性矩阵奇异值分解的可观测度分析方法,分析了仅有俯仰机动时各状态变量的可观测度;最后,对所提出方法的对准精度进行仿真计算,其结果表明,状态变量的估计效果与可观测度分析一致,对准误差在10s内达到角分级。     

惯导系统高精度动态对准技术研究

惯性导航初始对准技术是惯性导航的关键技术之一,而动态对准技术可以增强惯导系统的环境适应性.就GPS位置信息辅助下的惯性导航系统高精度动态对准技术进行研究.首先构建了15状态的Kalman滤波器,分析验证了Kalman滤波参数对于对准精度和对准速度的影响,在一定范围内,适当调整滤波参数,可以较好地改善滤波性能;然后在对准过程中使用了两位置转动观测增强的方法,提高了系统可观性,正确地估计比传感器件的零偏误差,并在纯惯导中加以补偿;最后通过跑车实验进行行车动态对准,达到了对准后24h纯惯导定位误差优于1 nmil的精度.     

基于UKF的捷联惯导大失准角初始对准方法

研究自主水下航行器,位置速度匹配中的误差需要补偿.捷联惯导大失准角误差传播特性是非线性的.为了提高捷联惯导大失准角初始对准精度,提出了一种基于UKF的捷联惯导初始对准的方法.由于对大失准角下SINS的非线性误差模型和系统噪声和观测噪声为加性的特点,给出了一种简化的Unscented卡尔曼滤波递推算法,并提出在精对准阶段采用多次精对准提高大初始失准角下SINS对准精度进行仿真.仿真结果表明,在GPS辅助下,使捷联惯导方位角误差减少,采用改进方法,也可获得较高的对准精度.     

激光陀螺单轴旋转惯导系统多位置对准技术研究

激光陀螺单轴旋转惯导系统初始对准精度受陀螺漂移和加速度计零位的限制,为了减少对准误差,对多位置对准技术进行了研究。给出了单轴旋转惯导系统误差方程,利用奇异值分解的方法,对多位置对准时的系统各状态变量的可观测性进行分析,利用卡尔曼滤波仿真研究了多位置对准过程中方位失准角估计误差收敛情况,系统地分析了卡尔曼滤波器参数P0、...     

基于H∞的低精度捷联惯导系统初始对准方法

由于低精度捷联惯导系统的陀螺精度较低,初始对准时方位失准角的估计精度往往不高;另外,进行初始对准的常用方法是采用Kalman滤波技术,但在实际应用时,其鲁棒性不高,因此迫切需要一种能够改善低精度捷联惯导系统方位失准角的估计精度且兼具鲁棒性的初始对准方法。提出了一种将H∞滤波用于引入磁航向的低精度捷联惯导系统的初始对准方法,能够解决上述问题。建立了一种引入磁航向的捷联惯导系统初始对准的误差模型,通过可观测性和可控性分析,得出可观可控系统,利用H∞滤波方法对其进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明,能够改善低精度捷联惯导系统方位失准角的估计精度,并能有效抑制有色噪声及建模误差的影响,将其应用于低精度捷联惯导系统的初始对准是切实可行的。     

捷联惯导大方位失准角快速初始对准

捷联惯导方位角快速性能优化问题,传统大方位失准角初始对准方位角收敛速度较慢,直接影响惯导系统的性能。为此提出一种无重置联邦滤波器的以速度误差和比力输出作为观测量的快速初始对准新算法。给出了捷联惯导系统非线性误差模型,并分析了两种观测量,建立了速度观测子滤波器和比力观测子滤波器,同时采用了相应的状态方程和观测方程。用三种方法进行了大方位失准角初始对准的数字仿真。仿真结果对比表明,新方法不仅使方位失准角收敛速度快,而且在加速度计噪声增大10倍的情况下,仍然具有极高的对准精度。     

基于Kalman滤波的AUV两位置对准方法

针对自主式水下潜器(AUV)的特定工作环境及导航系统对准精度的需求,提出一种基于Kalman滤波的两位置组合对准方法.建立系统误差模型,分析两位置组合对准原理,通过改变惯导系统误差模型中的捷联矩阵改善系统的可观测性,利用谱条件数求取两位置对准时系统参数可观测度.仿真结果表明,该方法能准确估计器件偏差,经补偿后能提高系统...     

捷联惯导欧拉角误差模型二位置对准方法

在捷联惯导初始对准优化的研究中,由于存在非线性,很难描述误差特性。为提高捷联惯导系统初始对准的精度,缩短对准时间,根据欧拉角误差的传播规律,推导了惯导系统角度和速度误差微分方程,建立了非线性的对准模型。非线性模型的计算一直是难点问题,一般采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF),为减小计算量,采用了超球面采样点变换(SSUT)的采样策略,结合线性的量测方程,对滤波算法进行了改造和简化。根据全局可观性理论,为提高系统观测度,以二位置静态对准为条件,并对提出的方法进行了仿真和实验验证。结果表明,模型具有很高的精度,并能有效估计惯性器件误差。改进方法对大失准角下的系统初始对准及惯性器件测漂具有较好的参考价值。     

基于平台和正六面体的惯导系统现场标定技术

针对外场条件下的激光捷联惯组的标定问题,设计了一种适合外场标定的方案.在进行单一位置捷联惯导误差可观测性分析的基础上,提出一种基于平台及正六面体框架的外场标定方法.该方法仅通过翻转正六面体使对称位置误差相消,并且在对准中获取姿态信息,同时精确标定出陀螺漂移和加速度计零偏.最后对理论分析结果进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明该...     

考虑转台定位误差时的快速自对准方法研究

捷联惯导初始对准精度直接影响到惯导系统的工作精度,传统自对准方法对转台定位精度要求较高,转台存在定位误差时严重影响自对准精度。提出了一种考虑转台定位误差条件下的捷联惯导快速两位置自对准方法,根据对准位置与旋转过程中的惯导相邻时刻输出信息小幅慢变的特点,通过引入中间坐标系,实现实际旋转角度的精确跟踪和导航误差实时更新计算,辨识出初始姿态角误差,并根据对准精度要求对辨识结果迭代修正,从而实现动态条件下的高精度寻北。对该算法在静、动态环境下的寻北性能进行了实验验证,实验结果表明:静态环境下寻北精度的1倍标准差为18.3248″,动态环境下寻北精度的1倍标准差为32.633 07″,对准精度与计算速度均满足要求,能够有效克服转台定位误差对自对准精度的影响,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

A fast and accurate initial alignment method for strapdown inertial navigation system on stationary base

In this work,a fast an d accurate stationary alignment method for strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is proposed.It h as been demonstrated that the stationary alignment o f SINS can be improved by employing the multipositio n technique,but the alignment time of the azimuth error is relatively longer.Over here,the two-posi tion alignment principle is presented.On the basis of this SINS error model,a fast estimation algorithm of the azimuth error for the initial a lignment of SINS on stationary base is derived f ully from the horizontal velocity outputs and the output rates,and the novel azimuth error estimatio n algorithm is used for the two-position alignment. Consequently,the speed and accuracy of the SINS' s initial alignment is enhanced greatly.The computer simulation results illustrate the efficiency of this alignment method.     

A theoretical approach to observability analysis of the SDINS/GPS in maneuvering with horizontal constant velocity

A theoretical method for analyzing the observability of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS) integrated with the global positioning system (GPS) is proposed. The analysis is performed based on two types of maneuvers for a vehicle on a horizontal trajectory: level flight with constant north velocity and level flight with constant east velocity. The observability also is analyzed using the convergence theorem, stationary state observability analysis results, and Kalman filter measurement information to rearrange the SDINS error model equation. The state variables are divided into observable and unobservable parts, and determine which state variables are observable and estimable with some errors from the relationship of observable and unobservable state variables. Our results have shown that the north and east axes accelerometer bias errors were unobservable, and that attitude errors, and east and down axes gyro bias errors were estimable with some unknown bias errors. It has been shown that horizontal maneuvering improves the observability of down axis gyro bias error compared with the stationary state, and the estimation errors of the heading error state and east axis gyro bias error are dependent on the magnitude of north velocity. The results of the theoretical observability analysis are confirmed through computer simulation.     

A fast and accurate initial alignment method for strapdown inertial navigation system on stationary base

In this work,a fast and accurate stationary alignment method for strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS） is proposed. It has been demonstrated that the stationary alignment of SINS can be improved by employing the multiposition technique,but the alignment time of the azimuth error is relatively longer. Over here, the two-position alignment principle is presented. On the basis of this SINS error model, a fast estimation algorithm of the azimuth error for the initial alignment of SINS on stationary base is derived fully from the horizontal velocity outputs and the output rates, and the novel azimuth error estimation algorithm is used for the two-position alignment. Consequently, the speed and accuracy of the SINS＇ s initial alignment is enhanced greatly. The computer simulation results illustrate the efficiency of this alignment method.     

基于简化模型与自适应滤波的车载SINS静基座快速对准

为了实现捷联惯性导航系统(strap-down inertial navigation system,SINS)快速初始对准,根据已有可观测性分析结果,通过理论分析和计算得到了扩展观测量时初始对准系统最优可观测状态量组合,在此基础上简化了对准模型,建立了新的系统方程;针对载车发动机启动或其他情况导致系统噪声无法精确统计,提出了运用基于强跟踪滤波原理的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法抑制滤波发散,加快收敛速度;仿真结果表明运用简化模型和自适应滤波在系统噪声不匹配时具有更快的收敛速度和更高的对准精度,车载实验结果也表明运用简化模型和自适应滤波可以实现快速对准。     

Self‐alignment and calibration of a MEMS IMU: Improving observability and estimability by rotary motions of IMU

The stationary self‐alignment and calibration (SSAC) for a low‐cost MEMS IMU is quite challenging due to the poor observability of an inertial system under static condition and the significant sensor errors of MEMS inertial sensors. This research proposes to employ IMU rotations to improve the system observability and estimability regarding the SSAC of a low‐cost MEMS IMU. IMU rotations about the X, Y, and Z axes are employed in this paper. The analytic estimation algorithm for each error state is derived and the observability of the system with IMU rotation is analyzed. As the observability analysis will not provide clues about how well an error state can be estimated, the estimability analysis is also conducted based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the covariance matrix in the Kalman filter. Tests are conducted with a tri‐axial turntable to verify the improvements on system observability and estimability brought by IMU rotations. Of both theoretical analysis and results indicated with proper IMU rotations, only azimuth error still remains unobservable, and the IMU rotation also significantly improves the estimability of all error states, including the unobservable azimuth.