Ti(C,N)_w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与力学性能研究

采用Ti(C,N)晶须和颗粒复合粉末(Ti(C,N)w+Ti(C,N)p)制备Ti(C,N)w/Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了复合粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Ti(C,N)w的加入,金属陶瓷的各项力学性能都得到了提高。组织表现为环形相结构特征,与Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷相比,双层环形相结构所占比例增大,且尺寸加厚。烧结组织中Ti(C,N)w的长径比大于临界长径比,在强化金属陶瓷方面起着重要的作用。环形相使Ti(C,N)w与基体界面结合紧密,增韧机制主要表现为裂纹桥联和裂纹偏转,拔出效应不明显。     

(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷复合材料制备及性能研究

采用高温碳管炉制备了平均粒度约为1.2μm的(Ti,La)(C,N)复式碳氮化物粉末,并将其应用于(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备。研究稀土La元素的固溶含量对(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织结构和性能的影响,同时对比了La_2 O_3的直接加入对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织结构和性能的影响。通过X衍射和扫描电镜对两组金属陶瓷进行研究分析,结果表明:La含量相同时,相比于直接添加La_2 O_3的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷各项性能指标均有提高,其抗弯强度提高了约20%,硬度也稍有提升,且当(Ti,La)(C,N)中La元素固溶0.25%时,物理和力学性能最佳;(Ti,La)(C,N)基金属陶瓷强化机制主要表现为固溶强化。     

纳米Ti(C,N)增强Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的研究

采用纳米Ti(C，N)粉末制备Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷，研究了纳米粉末对金属陶瓷组织及性能的影响。结果表明，粉末冶金过程中，纳米Ti(C，N)粉末易于在粘结相中扩散与溶解及沿晶界分布，降低了硬质相在粘结相中的溶解度，抑制了晶粒长大，提高了材料的红硬性能。抗弯强度与晶粒尺寸满足于Hall-Perch公式，5wt％～l0wt％的纳米粉末加入量可使金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和切削性能得到较大的提高，但硬度变化不大。切削磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损和轻微的粘着磨损，磨痕细小均匀。     

Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织及力学性能的影响

本文以不同N/C原子比的Ti(C,N)固溶体为硬质相,通过真空烧结制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。用三点弯曲法、洛氏硬度计、压痕法分别测得试样的抗弯强度、硬度、断裂韧性,并通过光学金相显微镜、XRD、SEM、EDS等手段研究了Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织的影响规律。结果表明:在一定范围内随着N/C原子比的增大,Ti(C,N)固溶体在液相中溶解度下降,环形相的析出受到抑制,使得金属陶瓷的硬质相芯部逐渐细化且分散均匀,环形相厚度减薄。但Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比为6∶4及以上时,硬质相与液相之间的润湿性较差,使得金属陶瓷孔隙度增加,显微组织中开始出现亮白色的晶粒。随N/C原子比的增大,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度先增大后降低,断裂韧性逐渐降低。当Ti(C,N)固溶体的N/C原子比为5∶5时,金属陶瓷的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度为2 429 MPa,硬度为92.2 HRA,断裂韧性为8.44 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

(Ti,Ta,W)(C,N)粉末制备研究

通过碳热还原法采用不同的原料及工艺参数制备了(Ti,Ta,W)(C,N)粉末,研究了其相成分和其N含量的影响因素。发现以TiO2、Ta2O5、WC和C为原料通过适当的成分配比和工艺参数,可以制备出单相的(Ti,Ta,W)(C,N)固溶体粉末;(Ti,W,Ta)(C1-xNx)粉末的N含量即x值随着配碳率的增加而降低,随碳化温度升高、碳化时间延长、N2流量增大均提高。     

ZrC添加量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

通过在Ti(C,N)-WC-Nb C-Co-Ni金属陶瓷中加入ZrC,研究了ZrC不同添加量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织、力学性能及其在2 mol/L盐酸中的耐腐蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明,在碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷中适量的ZrC添加将会与Nb C产生协同作用,在抑制脆性固溶体壳相厚度的同时,能够促使铌元素通过固溶强化及金属间化合物弥散强化的形式对粘结相进行增强,提高了材料力学性能及耐腐蚀性能。当ZrC过量加入达到10%时,金属陶瓷材料的显微组织发生突变,主要由粘结相及白芯灰壳结构组成,同时粘结相中铌元素含量减少,力学性能及耐腐蚀性能均大幅度下降。实验试样中,含有1%ZrC的金属陶瓷试样抗弯强度达到2 550 MPa,并且有最高的断裂韧性13.0 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

纳米Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷制备技术研究进展

概述了纳米Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷制备技术的研究进展,重点对纳米陶瓷粉末的团聚与分散、纳米陶瓷粉末的氧含量对性能的影响以及纳米金属陶瓷的烧结技术进行了介绍与探讨。分别介绍了真空烧结、放电等离子烧结、热压烧结以及微波烧结在制备纳米Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷时的优势,及各自存在的问题,为开发新的适于纳米Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的烧结方法及烧结工艺提供了参考。     

碳添加量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

碳含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的显微组织和机械性能有着重要影响。本文综述了碳含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷晶粒大小、相成分和力学性能的影响,分析了影响机制。在一定范围内适当调整碳含量,可以获得综合性能良好的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗弯强度的研究

研究了提高Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗弯强度的方法。采用改变粘结相成分、进行低压烧结及快冷处理来制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。试验发现,粘结相成分对材料的强度有很大的影响,提高Ni/Ni+Co的比例可以提高材料的强度,当然,在实际应用中还要考虑对其它性能的综合影响;低压烧结和快冷处理都可以有效的提高Ti(C,N)基金属陶陶的抗弯强度。     

Mo_2C对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷腐蚀性能的影响

通过静态浸泡腐蚀和动电位极化两种方法,研究了Mo2C对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在NaOH溶液中腐蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐蚀性明显优于WC-Co硬质合金;添加Mo2C可以大幅度提高Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的机械性能,硬度从91.2到94.0 HRA和抗弯强度从930到1 350 MPa,但会降低金属陶瓷的耐蚀性能;由于Mo2C的加入,会使金属陶瓷的动电位极化曲线出现两个钝化区,但是两个钝化区域的电流均未达到真正的钝化电流(10-5A/cm2),因而这些钝化现象均为伪钝化;在经动电位极化后的试样表面,粘结相Ni和白色的内环相均会被腐蚀,其中内环相为富Mo的(Mo,Ti)(C,N)固溶体,其耐腐蚀性较未溶的Ti(C,N)芯更差。随着Mo2C添加量的提高,内环形相的厚度随之会增加,从而降低了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的耐蚀性能。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷断口形貌及增韧机理

采用真空烧结工艺制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,测定了材料的力学性能。结果表明,其力学性能与未加纳米粉的金属陶瓷相比,硬度略有升高,但横向断裂韧性提高了近一倍。断口形貌和微观组织分析表明:金属陶瓷的断口形貌与其强韧性有着密切的关系。纳米粉的加入降低了原始粉末的平均粒度,使得金属陶瓷硬质相的粒度降低,减小了晶粒间的平均自由程。镶嵌于大颗粒环形相和弥散分布于粘结相中的细小硬质相颗粒,对裂纹的形成和扩展起到阻碍作用,会使金属陶瓷因裂纹扩展途径发生偏转而增韧。     

Effect of (Ti,W, Mo,V)(C,N) powder size on microstructure and properties of (Ti,W, Mo,V)(C,N)-based cermets

Three kinds of (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N) powders with different particle size were prepared from a mixture of oxides and carbon powders by carbothermal reduction-nitridation method. (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N)-based cermets were obtained by mixing Co, Ni, WC, MoC₂ and (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N) powders, and then processed via a conventional P/M technique. The influence of (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N) particle size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N)-5WC-10MoC₂-7Co-8Ni cermets has been studied. When the particle size of (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N) is 0.2–0.5 μm, (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N)-based cermets can be characterized by weak core/rim structure. With the particle size of (Ti, W, Mo, V)(C, N) increasing to 1–1.5 μm, the microstructure of (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N)-based cermets develops into composite structure that consists of typical core/rim and no core/rim. Accordingly, typical core/rim structure is obtained in the case of the particle size of 3–5 μm. With the coarsening of raw (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N) powders, the fracture toughness of (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N) cermets is greatly improved, but the hardness continues to decline. (Ti, 15 W, 5Mo, 0.2 V)(C, N) cermets with composite structure have higher bend strength of 2165 MPa.     

Effect of submicron Ti(C,N) on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

There is an increased industry demand for Ti(C,N)-based cermets with improved material properties. One of the parameters which are supposed to influence these properties is the mean particle size of the Ti(C,N) powder used. In this study the effects of a newly developed submicron Ti(C,N) powder grade on the properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets, including hardness, toughness and microstructure were investigated. The cermets showed only small differences with respect to outgassing upon sintering (investigated by MS-EGA) as well as shrinkage (dilatometry). Cermet formulations with submicron Ti(C,N) could be sintered under identical conditions as with fine Ti(C,N), yielding completely dense bodies of A00 porosity. From SEM and XRD investigations it was found that submicron Ti(C,N) powders cause accelerated diffusion and homogenisation of the microstructure leading to a substantially increased amount of outer rim phase, a higher amount of inverse grains and substantially finer and less Ti(C,N) cores. Upon using submicron Ti(C,N), hardness (HV10) is increased and in one grade the fracture toughness (Palmqvist–Shetty) is increased as well.     

Effect of carbon content and cooling mode on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Ti(C,N)-based cermets were prepared by vacuum liquid sintering. The effects of carbon content as well as cooling mode on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the cermets were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were also measured. The grains of Ti(C,N)-based cermets became finer and solid solubility of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten in binder phases decreased with increasing carbon content. The thickness of the rim phases increased when the cermet was annealed at 1360 °C for 30 min during cooling, which resulted in the decrease of the hardness and the transverse rupture strength (TRS). On the other hand, the magnetic saturation of Ti(C,N)-based cermets increased with increasing carbon content, which was due to the decrease of the solid solution of alloy elements in binder phases.     

Solid solution extent of WC and TaC in Ti(C,N) as revealed by lattice parameter increase

Materials development of cermets for cutting tools has come to a new stage where molybdenum is no longer indispensable. The key is the addition of a solid-solution treatment of hard phase powder mixtures before sintering with metallic binders. In this paper, ceramic powders of Ti(CN), TaC and WC are mixed, compacted and heat treated to form (Ti, W, Ta)(C,N) solid solutions at elevated temperatures. The influence of temperature and duration of the treatment on the solid solution extent is examined through measurement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra and the lattice constant. After treating at 1700°C for 1 h, the XRD spectra revealed the disappearance of the WC peaks. The lattice parameter of titanium carbonitride increased with increasing reaction time and temperature and stabilized after treating at 1700°C for 1·5 h. Cold isostatic pressing (CIP) at 350 MPa following uniaxial pressing at 180 MPa did not seem to have too much added influence on the solid solution extent, but CIP ed samples did give less scattered data.     

Preparation of highly toughened Ti(C,N)-based cermets via mechanical activation and subsequent in situ carbothermal reduction

Highly toughened Ti(C,N)-based cermets were successfully fabricated using a novel method of mechanical activation and subsequent in situ carbothermal reduction. The phase transformation, chemical composition, and microstructure of the mechanical activation powders and as-sintered cermets were investigated using XRD, ICP-AES, C/N/O analysis, and SEM. The results revealed that the complex MoNiTi solid solution phase formed after mechanical activation, and the powders after high energy ball milling promoted the solid solution of alloying elements into the hard particles. After the subsequent sintering process containing the in-situ carbothermal reduction reaction and liquid sintering, the microstructure of as-sintered cermet showed a single solid solution phase with a homogenous distribution. Without added WC, the extremely high toughness of the present cermet was 21.3 MPa·m^1/2, and this was 66.4% higher than that of the conventional cermet and 62.5% higher than that of the cermet that was fabricated via in-situ carbothermal reduction.     

High-quality Ti(C,N)-based cermets via solid-state nitrogen-pressure sintering: Influence of the sintering atmosphere

Owing to the denitrification behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets during the sintering process, nitrogen atmosphere sintering is essential for the fabrication of high-quality products. Disclosing the roles of the sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and properties of cermet is of significance. Herein, Ti(C,N)-based cermets were fabricated under six types of sintering atmosphere. Effects of sintering atmosphere on the microstructure, coercive force (Hc), specific saturation magnetization (Ms (%)), and mechanical properties of cermets were investigated. More rimless Ti(C,N) grains with increased fraction of black cores were formed with increasing the nitrogen partial pressure. Three types of gradient structure of cermets were confirmed caused by the different nitrogen activity at the liquid sintering state. Vacuum sintering induced the formation of thicker rims on smaller Ti(C,N) cores at the surface due to the low nitrogen potential, while fcc solid solutions rich in N was formed in nitrogen atmosphere. Vacuum sintered cermets showed the lowest Hc and Ms. (%) of 3.66 KA/m and 2.13%, owing to the denitrification process. High-quality Ti(C,N)-based cermets were achieved via the solid-state nitrogen atmosphere sintering, benefiting from the optimized core-rim structure, i.e. moderate thickness of rims and certain amount of black Ti(C,N) cores.     

Effect of WC on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nano Ti(C,N)-based cermets

In this paper, nano Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different WC additions were prepared by conventional powder metallurgy techniques. The microstructure of nano cermets was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that there existed three kinds of “core–rim” structure in nano cermets, i.e., “black core–white rim”, “white core–gray rim” and “gray core–white rim” structures. With the increase of WC addition, there were more “white core–gray rim” and “gray core–white rim” grains. The amount of the abnormal growth grains decreased and the grains became more homogeneous with the WC addition. The lattice parameter of Ti(C,N) would increase with the WC addition. The mechanical properties of nano cermets were also improved with the increase of WC addition.