环保阻燃ABS结构与性能的研究

选用多聚芳基磷酸酯阻燃剂、线性酚醛树脂及硼酸锌制备了无卤阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)复合材料,研究了多聚芳基磷酸酯阻燃剂,以及线型酚醛树脂、硼酸锌阻燃剂对ABS复合材料阻燃性能、加工性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,线型酚醛树脂及硼酸锌与多聚芳基磷酸酯具有明显的协效阻燃效果,并对复合材料的力学性能以及加工性能影响不明显。     

硼酸锌阻燃抑烟PC/ABS的研究

研究硼酸锌在阻燃PC/ABS体系中对材料烟密度及阻燃性能的影响,结果表明,加入一定含量的硼酸锌能显著降低阻燃PC/ABS的烟密度且提高材料的阻燃性能。这是因为硼酸锌高温时释放结晶水并形成粘稠液体延缓了材料燃烧进程,使热释放速率和烟释放率降低及阻燃性能提高;硼酸锌的加入使得阻燃PC/ABS的热稳定性及成炭率有所降低,对阻燃PC/ABS的力学及流动性能也有一定的影响。     

无卤协效膨胀阻燃聚甲醛体系的性能和阻燃机理

针对聚甲醛(POM)难以阻燃的难题,采用酚醛树脂协效无卤膨胀阻燃剂复合阻燃POM,研究了酚醛树脂含量对POM阻燃性能和力学性能的影响以及相关的成炭阻燃机理.结果表明,酚醛树脂的含量对无卤膨胀阻燃POM体系的阻燃性能有重要影响,当体系中酚醛树脂的质量分数为0.5%～2.0%时,相应阻燃POM体系可达UL941.6 mm ...     

无卤阻燃ABS/TPU复合材料阻燃性能的研究

采用了微胶囊红磷(MRP)、氢氧化镁(MH)、聚硅氧烷组成复合阻燃剂,对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)合金进行改性,获得了环保型阻燃ABS/TPU复合材料。对该复合材料进行了阻燃性能、热稳定性测试和炭层形貌分析。结果表明,当复合阻燃剂MRP/MH质量比为1/1且添加量为16份时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)为25.7%,垂直燃烧性能通过FV-0级;TPU结构中因含氧,有利于MRP/MH阻燃体系阻燃;添加6份聚硅氧烷,复合材料垂直燃烧级别达到FV-0级,聚硅氧烷燃烧过程中通过改变炭层形貌,提高阻燃性。     

用于阻燃PC/ABS的无卤芳香族磷酸酯的研究进展

综述了用于阻燃PC/ABS的无卤芳香族磷酸酯阻燃剂的研发状况.介绍了它们的性能、特点及在PC/ABS中的应用,对发展无卤阻燃PC/ABS具有重要意义.这类阻燃剂包括双酚A双磷酸酯、间苯二酚双磷酸酯、双酚S双磷酸酯、联苯双磷酸酯、季戊四醇螺环磷酸酯和环烷基双磷酸酯等.     

三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐/硼酚醛协效体系阻燃PA66/GF复合材料的研究

采用氮磷型阻燃剂三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)与硼改性酚醛树脂(BPF)组成的复合阻燃体系对玻纤(GF)增强尼龙66( PA66)复合材料进行阻燃,获得了阻燃性能优异、力学性能良好的增强复合材料,研究了协效阻燃剂BPF/MPP配比、BPF/MPP用量及GF用量对阻燃复合材料阻燃性能的影响,采用微型燃烧量热和质量保持率分析方法研究了阻燃复合材料的燃烧及成炭行为,对复合阻燃剂的协效机理进行了讨论.结果表明,当BPF在BPF/MPP中的质量分数为15％时,添加25％ BPF/MPP复合阻燃剂可使20％ GF增强PA66复合材料达到V-0( 1.6 mm)阻燃级别,极限氧指数增加至25.3％,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度分别为116 MPa,132 MPa,7.1 kJ/m2.该复合材料可满足高性能无卤阻燃的使用要求.     

协效剂在ABS/APP/PETA体系中的阻燃协效性

为了提高苯乙烯一丁二烯一丙烯睛(ABS）/聚磷酸铵(APP)/聚对苯二甲酞乙二胺(PETA)膨胀阻燃体系的阻燃性能,将硼酸锌(ZB）、红磷(RP）添加到ABS/ APP/ PETA膨胀阻燃体系中。采用极限氧指数法、垂直燃烧法、热失重、扫描电镜探讨了不同含量协效剂ZB,RP对不同比例ABS/APP/PETA阻燃体系的协效阻燃效应。结果表明,加人协效剂使ABS/APP/PETA体系的阻燃性能得到显著提高;将2.5份(质量份,下同)ZB和4份RP加人到ABS/APP/PETA( 70/22. 5/7. 5)体系,体系的极限氧指数由未加协效剂的30%提高到41%,UL-94测试也达到V-0级;ZB提高了ABS/APP/PETA体系热稳定性和成炭率,RP能极大地促进成炭;加人ZB和RP ,阻燃体系燃烧表面能够形成更多膨胀、致密的炭层。     

增韧改性剂对ABS/DBDPE/Sb_2O_3共混体系性能的影响

研究了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、ABS粉料、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)和聚硅氧烷几种改性剂对ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3体系的增韧作用。结果表明,SBS、CPE、ABS粉料、MBS和聚硅氧烷对阻燃ABS复合材料有很好的增韧作用,可获得具有良好阻燃性能和物理机械性能的复合材料,其中加入CPE、MBS及聚硅氧烷并不影响复合材料的阻燃性能。     

无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金的研制及应用

研究了聚磷酸铵(APP)复合无卤阻燃体系对聚碳酸酯(PC)/(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)合金阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,在PC与ABS的质量比为7∶3的PC/ABS合金体系中加入30份APP复合阻燃剂,并配以15份复合增容体系及其它助剂,可制得综合性能较好的无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金。用该合金制作的电脑显示器外壳取得了较好的使用效果。     

硼酸锌在膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS中的协同作用

采用熔融共混法制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)/硼酸锌(ZB)无卤阻燃复合材料。利用热重分析仪、氧指数测定仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了ZB对复合材料热失重行为、阻燃性能、微观结构及力学、加工性能的影响。较低含量的ZB与IFR存在较好的阻燃协同作用,且ZB可促进IFR成炭,使ABS/IFR复合材料的氧指数及其残炭量分别由未加ZB时的27.4%、21.29%提高到30.1%和23.05%。ZB的加入能够提高ABS/IFR复合材料的弯曲性能和加工性能,但对复合材料的冲击、拉伸性能产生了不利影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。