交联壳聚糖渗透蒸发膜分离乙醇—水

对壳聚糖/聚丙烯腈复合膜分别用戊二醛、硫酸、硫酸镍溶液进行了交联改性。交联后,分离选择性(α)大为提高。对戊二醛交联膜进行了乙醇水溶液的分离性能研究,结果表明,50℃、料液中合水率小于45%时,α大于670,渗透通量为100～700g/m~2·h。     

交联壳聚糖渗透蒸发膜分离乙醇—水

对壳聚糖/聚丙烯腈复合膜分别用戊二醛、硫酸、硫酸镍溶液进行了交联改性。交联后,分离选择性(α)大为提高。对戊二醛交联膜进行了乙醇水溶液的分离性能研究,结果表明,50°C、料液中合水率小于45％时,α大于670,渗透通量为100～700g/m~2·h。     

基膜改性的壳聚糖/聚丙烯腈渗透汽化 中空纤维复合膜

采用粒子填充的聚丙烯腈(PAN)作为基膜材料,纺制成中空纤维.对基膜进行拉伸、热定型等后处理,并在此基础上研制了壳聚糖/聚丙烯腈中空纤维复合膜,考察了基膜的改性及不同操作条件对复合膜分离性能的影响.发现采用该基膜制备的复合膜对乙醇-水体系具有很好的分离性能.     

底膜表面粗糙度对Pebax/PAN复合膜性能的影响

采用粗糙度仪对聚丙烯腈(PAN)底膜表面粗糙度进行表征,研究了PAN底膜表面粗糙度对聚酰胺-聚醚嵌段共聚物(Pebax)复合膜性能的影响.发现在考察的范围内,涂层液浓度与底膜表面粗糙度共同作用,影响复合膜的分离性能.Pebax复合膜的CO_2/N_2选择性随底膜表面粗糙度的增加而下降,且选择性数据的波动也随之增大.     

交叉静电纺聚氨酯/聚丙烯腈高效低阻空气过滤膜的制备研究

采用多喷头静电纺丝技术,将聚氨酯(PU)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)纺丝喷头交叉排列,制备了PU/PAN复合空气过滤膜。通过改变PU/PAN喷头比例来调控复合膜结构,探究了PU/PAN喷头比例对复合膜形貌、过滤性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当PU/PAN喷头比例为2∶2时,PU和PAN纳米纤维呈交错排列,复合膜过滤效率高达96.29%,过滤阻力仅为93Pa;断裂强度为纯PAN膜的两倍。     

过渡层对Pebax/PAN复合膜孔渗现象的影响研究

选用聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜作底膜,以乙醇/水混合液作为Pebax的溶剂,采用浸渍涂层(dip coating)的方法制备Pebax/PAN复合膜.发现直接在PAN底膜上涂覆Pebax制备Pebax/PAN复合膜会导致涂层液的孔渗.本文借助理论模型分析孔渗深度对Pebax/PAN复合膜渗透速率的影响.研究表明,微小的孔渗深度也会对复合膜的整体气体渗透速率造成显著的影响.引入氨基硅氧烷与PDMS共混过渡层来解决孔渗问题,结果证实,引入该过渡层后,Pebax/PAN复合膜的气体渗透速率明显提高,而CO_2/N_2选择性基本保持不变.     

纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜的制备和性能

目的获得力学性能和阻隔性能优异的食品包装用壳聚糖膜。方法通过超声法由糠醛渣纤维素制备纳米纤维素(NCC),将其与壳聚糖(CS)共混流延制备纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜(NCC-CS)。结果复合膜中NCC质量分数为5%时,NCC-CS的拉伸强度比纯CS膜提高了30%,NCC-CS的透湿量比纯CS膜降低了24%。SEM分析结果表明NCC-CS复合膜微观结构致密。FT-IR和XRD的分析结果表明CS与NCC间存在着较强的相互作用。结论 NCC的加入对CS膜的力学性能和阻隔性能的提高有促进作用。     

壳聚糖/羧甲基淀粉复合膜的制备及性能研究

以溶液共混的方法制备一系列壳聚糖单一膜及壳聚糖/羧甲基淀粉(CS/CMS)复合膜。通过测定力学性能、水蒸汽透过率来研究CS/CMS复合膜的最佳制备工艺。结果表明:当CS添加量为2g/100mL,CS∶CMS=4∶1(质量比),干燥温度为55℃,冰醋酸浓度为2%时,所制复合膜性能最佳。     

UIO-66-NH_2渗透汽化复合膜制备及乙醇脱水

金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)改性高分子渗透汽化复合膜是目前的研究热点.本文采用水热合成法制备UIO-66-NH_2,利用旋涂法在改性的聚丙烯腈(PAN)底膜表面涂覆海藻酸钠(SA)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和UIO-66-NH_2混合液制备活性分离层,采用顺丁烯二酸交联分离层制备SA-PVA-MOF/PAN渗透汽化复合膜.考察了SA、PVA和UIO-66-NH_2浓度对复合膜形貌结构、亲水性能和醇水分离效果的影响.研究结果表明,复合膜分离层含质量分数1%SA、4%PVA和0.8%UIO-66-NH_2时,75℃条件下复合膜对质量分数85%乙醇水溶液的渗透通量最高可达905 g/(m~2·h),此时分离因子为308.     

PAN/PS共混超滤膜的制备及性能研究

采用共混法制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)/聚砜(PS)超滤膜,以聚丙烯腈作为第一组分(连续相),聚砜为第二组分(分散相),用相转化法流延成膜;研究共混比、聚合物浓度、添加剂、凝胶浴等对共混膜水通量和截留率的影响,并采用扫描电镜对膜的结构形态进行了观察。结果表明:PAN/PS共混膜与PAN膜具有相似的化学稳定性,但较PAN膜具有更好的分离透过性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.