连铸空心管坯内置磁场搅拌器的优化设计

为了提高搅拌器的搅拌效率和使用寿命,以管坯内置磁场搅拌器为研究对象,用Sn-3.5%Pb合金代替钢液进行实验和数值模拟,借助Fluent和ANSYS软件研究了搅拌器的结构参数和电磁参数对金属液所受电磁力和流动状况的影响规律.结果表明:相比两相绕组,采用三相绕组的电磁搅拌器能效更高;磁轭结构对搅拌器的作用效果影响显著,为提高金属液所受电磁力应使磁轭的齿部尺寸尽量小些,但若尺寸太小会使磁轭饱和,影响磁轭的使用寿命;电流强度越大则金属液内的流速越大,电流强度与金属液流速呈线性变化,而电流频率与金属液流速呈非线性变化,电流强度对金属液流动的影响要大于电流频率.     

筋板结构对搅拌器封头加强效果的数值模拟

为了有效降低搅拌器封头的交变应力强度幅,对一台搅拌器在不同加强形式下的加强效果进行了数值模拟,研究了加厚管壁、增加筋板数目、增加筋板高度三种加强方式对封头应力分布的影响和对最大应力的减弱作用,提出了最有效的加强筋结构形式。计算结果表明,在三种加强方式中,增加壁厚对降低应力作用不明显,而增加筋板高度能大幅度降低应力,效果最为明显。该结果可以为搅拌器封头加强筋的设计提供参考依据。     

磁悬挂天平偏航电磁场的二维有限元分析

在磁悬挂天平偏航控制中，偏航线圈中的电流变化对模型姿态变化影响十分显著．为了提高天平的偏航控制精度，有必要对天平偏航电磁场进行更为精确的分析．该文采用有限单元法对磁悬挂天平偏航电磁场进行了分析，得到了比传统计算方法更为准确的结果，并在实验中进行了验证，从而为磁悬挂天平的偏航控制提供了参考．     

Vibration and damping analysis of a three-layered composite annular plate with a viscoelastic mid-layer

The natural frequencies and modal loss factors of the three-layered annular plate with a viscoelastic core layer and two polar orthotropic laminated face layers are considered. The discrete layer annular finite element is employed to derive the equations of motion for the three-layered annular plate. The viscoelastic material in the central layer is assumed to be incompressible, and the extensional and shear moduli are described by the complex quantities. Complex eigenvalued problems are then solved, and the frequencies and modal loss factors of the composite plate are extracted. The results of the symmetric and non-symmetric composite annular plates are both presented. The effects of material properties, radius to thickness ratio, stacking sequences and thickness of face layers, and thickness of the viscoelastic core layer are discussed.     

电磁成形技术的最新进展

电磁成形是目前应用最广泛的高能率成形方法之一.综述了成形磁场力的求解方法及解决电磁成形问题的3个主要方面内容,包括磁场、磁场力及变形,阐述了电磁成形工艺的成形方法及研究现状,列举了大量的国内、外工艺应用及研究成果,介绍了电磁成形工艺的最新应用--电磁校形、粉末压实,并展望了电磁成形技术的发展前景.     

Axisymmetric parametric resonance of polar orthotropic sandwich annular plates

Parametric resonance of polar orthotropic sandwich annular plates with a viscoelastic core layer subjected to a periodic uniform radial stress is studied by the finite element method. The axisymmetric discrete layer annular element and Hamilton's principle are employed to derive the finite element equations of motion for a sandwich plate including the transverse shear effect. The viscoelastic material in the core layer is assumed to be incompressible, and the extensional and shear moduli are described by complex quantities. The regions of dynamic instability are determined by Bolotin's method. The effects of various parameters on the dynamic instability regions are investigated.     

Numerical computation of the electromagnetic field in the electrodes of a three‐phase arc furnace

In this paper we introduce and numerically solve a mathematical model for numerical simulation of electro‐magnetic field in a three‐phase electric reduction furnace. The model allows us to compute the current distribution on a cross‐section of the three electrodes. A combined boundary element/finite element method is used. Numerical results for real industrial furnaces are shown. As a by‐product we compute the torque on the electrodes due to the Lorentz electromagnetic force. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用电磁超声横波检测二冷区尾端连铸坯壳厚度

使用电磁超声横波对二冷区尾端的连铸坯壳厚度进行检测,并建立了有限元仿真模型.选取Q235连铸小钢坯作为被测对象.为减小永磁铁的提离距离、在被测体内部生成更大的感应涡流,文章利用多物理场有限元仿真软件建立了一种不同于一般结构的电磁超声换能器仿真模型:圆柱形永磁体两侧并行排列螺旋线圈.分析了永磁铁尺寸对磁场涡流的影响以及电...     

板料电磁成形磁场力分布研究

为研究平板电磁成形中板料上磁场力的分布规律,基于 Ansys 软件建立了 3 D 电磁场有限元模型,分析了在一定放电脉冲作用下,当板料的平面尺寸小于或等于线圈的几何尺寸时,板料上感应电流和磁场力的分布规律。 结果表明,板料的几何尺寸小于或等于对应线圈尺寸会影响板料上感应电流和磁场力的分布,其中圆形线圈对称放置影响最大,矩形线圈单边放置影响较小,匀压力线圈影响最小。     

A systematic development of ‘solid-shell’ element formulations for linear and non-linear analyses employing only displacement degrees of freedom

In the present contribution we propose a so-called solid-shell concept which incorporates only displacement degrees of freedom. Thus, some major disadvantages of the usually used degenerated shell concept are overcome. These disadvantages are related to boundary conditions—the handling of soft and hard support, the need for special co-ordinate systems at boundaries, the connection with continuum elements—and, in geometrically non-linear analyses, to a complicated update of the rotation vector. First, the kinematics of the so-called solid-shell concept in analogy to the degenerated shell concept are introduced. Then several modifications of the solid-shell concept are proposed to obtain locking-free solid-shell elements, leading also to formulations which allow the use of general three-dimensional material laws and which are also able to represent the normal stresses and strains in thickness direction. Numerical analyses of geometrically linear and non-linear problems are finally performed using solely assumed natural shear strain elements with a linear approximation in in-plane direction. Although some considerations are needed to get comparable boundary conditions in the examples analysed, the solid-shell elements prove to work as good as the degenerated shell elements. The numerical examples show that neither thickness nor shear locking are present even for distorted element shapes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车空调电磁离合器电磁场有限元分析

利用APDL参数化语言建立了汽车空调电磁离合器二维有限元模型,并对其进行了二维电磁场分析,得到了离合器内部结构的磁力线分布、皮带轮与吸盘之间的电磁吸力以及结构尺寸变化对磁力线和电磁吸力的影响规律,为离合器的优化设计提供了依据。     

Numerical simulation of linear friction welding of titanium alloy: Effects of processing parameters

Numerical modeling of linear friction welding (LFW) of TC4 titanium alloy was conducted using ABAQUS/Explicit with a 2D model. The coupled thermo-mechanical analysis was performed with the Johnson–Cook material model. The effects of processing parameters on the temperature evolution and axial shortening of LFW joints were numerically investigated. It is shown that the temperature at the interface can first increase quickly to about 1000 °C within 1 s, then increases slowly, and finally tends to become uniform across the interface under certain processing conditions. The temperature gradient across the joint from the interface is very high during the friction process. Consequently, significant axial shortening and fast formation of flash start to happen as the interface temperature becomes more uniform. During cooling, the interface temperature decreases steeply at a rate of several hundred degrees per second because of the fast heat conduction to the cold end of the specimen. The temperature distribution appears to be uniform in the joint after about 30 s. At a higher oscillation frequency, the interface temperature rises more quickly and the axial dimension shortens more and at a faster rate. The same phenomena are observed for the amplitude and friction pressure. The effects of these three factors can be integrated into one parameter of heat input. The axial shortening increases with increasing heat input almost linearly as the heat input exceeds a critical value.     

汽车空调电磁离合器三维静磁场有限元分析

利用APDL参数化语言建立了汽车空调电磁离合器三维有限元模型,并对其进行了三维电磁场分析,得到了离合器内部结构的磁通密度分布、皮带轮与吸盘之间的电磁吸力以及桥部个数变化对磁通密度分布和电磁吸力的影响,为离合器的优化设计提供了依据。     

Depth sensing indentation of linear viscoelastic-plastic solids: A simple method to determine creep compliance

Viscoelastic solids may deform plastically under indentation. This leads to an overestimation of the creep compliance when the analytical solution for indentation of linear viscoelastic materials [Lu H, Wang B, Ma J, Huang G, Viswanathan H. Measurement of creep compliance of solid polymers by nanoindentation. Mech Time-Depend Mater 2003;7(3-4):189-207] is used for its determination. Using finite element analysis, in this work it is shown that the plastic and viscoelastic deformation processes occur simultaneously, even during holding of a constant indentation load. A simple procedure to separate the viscoelastic response from the plastic response is proposed, which involves spherical indentations at different loads. To illustrate the proposed method, indentation tests are conducted on a polymer, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and its viscoelastic properties are determined.     

覆冰输电线结构及载荷对舞动的影响

为深入研究导线结构形式对输电线路系统动力学特性影响,以及导线结构形式及气动扭转载荷对覆冰输电线路舞动规律及幅值的影响,采用ANSYS参数化设计语言编写了计算导线舞动的非线性有限元分析程序,计算得出了系统气动载荷作用下的时间历程曲线。发现：在相同的气象条件下,分裂导线的振幅明显大于单根导线,且分裂数越高,导线越容易在短时间内形成稳态的舞动,应尽量采用单根导线或减少导线分裂数;扭转气动力载荷对面内外舞动的规律及幅值影响不大,对扭转角的幅值有较大影响,因此可忽略扭转气动载荷对断线和倒塔的作用。     

Algorithmic formulation and numerical implementation of coupled electromagnetic‐inelastic continuum models for electromagnetic metal forming

The purpose of this work is the algorithmic formulation and implementation of a recent coupled electromagnetic‐inelastic continuum field model (Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 2005; 17 :1–16) for a class of engineering materials, which can be dynamically formed using strong magnetic fields. Although in general relevant, temperature effects are for the applications of interest here minimal and are neglected for simplicity. In this case, the coupling is due, on the one hand, to the Lorentz force acting as an additional body force in the material. On the other hand, the spatio‐temporal development of the magnetic field is very sensitive to changes in the shape of the workpiece, resulting in additional coupling. The algorithmic formulation and numerical implementation of this coupled model is based on mixed‐element discretization of the deformation and electromagnetic fields combined with an implicit, staggered numerical solution scheme on two meshes. In particular, the mechanical degrees of freedom are solved on a Lagrangian mesh and the electromagnetic ones on an Eulerian one. The issues of the convergence behaviour of the staggered algorithm and the influence of data transfer between the meshes on the solution is discussed in detail. Finally, the numerical implementation of the model is applied to the modelling and simulation of electromagnetic sheet forming. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动磁式直线压缩机的电磁力及其等效电路模型

推导了动磁式直线压缩机中电磁力的表达式,并利用简化分析式和有限元分析方法模拟分析了直线电机主要结构参数对电磁力的影响。研究表明,电磁力随直线电机气隙高度的增大而减小,随环状永磁体的半径和厚度的增大而增大。分析式和有限元模拟结果具有合理的一致性。同时,建立了动磁式直线压缩机的等效电路模型,推导了获得压缩机整机最大能量转换效率的表达式及各个参数对该转换效率的影响,并得到了最大能量转换效率下的活塞面积。     

Theory and numerics of a thermodynamically consistent framework for geometrically linear gradient plasticity

The paper presents the theory and the numerics of a thermodynamically consistent formulation of gradient plasticity at small strains. Starting from the classical local continuum formulation, which fails to produce physically meaningful and numerically converging results within localization computations, a thermodynamically motivated gradient plasticity formulation is envisioned. The model is based on an assumption for the Helmholtz free energy incorporating the gradient of the internal history variable, a yield condition and the postulate of maximum dissipation resulting in an associated structure. As a result the driving force conjugated to the hardening evolution is identified as the quasi‐non‐local drag stress which incorporates besides the strictly local drag stress essentially the divergence of a vectorial hardening flux. At the numerical side, besides the balance of linear momentum, the algorithmic consistency condition has to be solved in weak form. Thereby, the crucial issue is the determination of the active constraints exhibiting plastic loading which is solved by an active set search algorithm borrowed from convex non‐linear programming. Moreover, different discretization techniques are proposed in order to compare the FE‐performance in local plasticity with the advocated gradient formulation both for hardening and softening. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐linear finite element analysis of mechanical electrochemical phenomena in hydrated soft tissues based on triphasic theory

The well‐accepted triphasic theory for modelling the mechano‐electrochemical phenomena of charged hydrated soft tissue has been limited to infinitesimal deformation problems due to the difficulty of defining a common reference configuration for the whole tissue. In this paper, an imaginary reference configuration for soft tissue under large deformation is established based on the reference configuration of a solid matrix and a Piola transformation of the relative velocities of the fluid and ionic phases. A non‐linear finite element analysis formulation is proposed by applying a weighted residual method to the reformulated governing equations of triphasic theory reformulated in the imaginary reference configuration, with the displacement of the solid, fluid flows, ionic molar flows, hydrostatic pressure, and electrical potential as the unknown variables. After verifying the proposed finite‐element formulation by comparing the results of a linear‐confined compression problem with those obtained by the finite difference method, the numerical analysis of a three‐dimensional free‐swelling problem of articular cartilage with large deformation, and a strong non‐linearity in the material properties is carried out to reproduce the curling behaviour of articular cartilage strips in vitro when submerged in solution baths of various concentrations. The results obtained by finite element analysis are in agreement with those measured experimentally. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Axisymmetric nonlinear analysis of shallow spherical shells by a combined boundary element and finite difference method

This paper is concerned with the development of the mixed boundary element method and finite element method for the analysis of spherical annular shells under axisymmetric loads. The boundary element techniques are used to solve the equilibrium equation of shells and the central difference operator is adopted to deal with the compatibility equations. Iterative techniques are used throughout the analysis procedure. A number of numerical examples are given in the paper to illustrate the validity of the present approach.