企业信息化建设中的问题及对策

加快机械企业管理信息化步伐,是实现管理创新的重要途径,也是解决企业管理中突出问题的有效措施。本文分析了企业信息化建设中存在的问题并提出了实施企业信息化的对策。     

制造业信息化工程建设与应用研究

企业现代管理信息化已成为当今企业发展的一个趋势,通过制造业信息化数字工程实例贵州省制造业信息化工程建设详细的论述,提出实施现代管理信息化工程 "322工程";并通过该工程对贵州省制造业进行信息化管理,用具体的企业实例和数据展示了该工程实施后取得的成效,最后指出存在的问题和提出相应的措施.     

企业信息化管理体系初探

参照ISO9000质量管理体系的原理和做法, 提出建立一个标准化的信息化管理体系,规范企业信息化策划、实施、改进的整个过程,以提高企业信息化实施的成功率.通过策划和运行"信息化管理体系",企业可以对信息化建设实施全过程、全方位的指导、管理和控制.给出了信息化管理体系的相关概念和内容,提出了信息化管理体系的运行模式和实施步骤.     

ERP领域著名专家蒋明炜专访 BPR ERP成功实施的保障

本刊今年10月号曾刊载题为《数据透视 新闻发现》的记者调查报告,其中涉及到“企业信息化实施效果差主要因素”的问题,从反馈答卷的统计数据发现,高达50％的企业信息化主管人员认为“企业管理与软件系统不配套”是信息化效果差的首要因素。问卷反映出企业管理决策者已经认识到管理与信息化实施存在着必     

基于ERP的全面预算实现企业信息化

企业信息化已经是企业管理的一个必然趋势,随着信息技术的发展,相关理论得到了进一步完善,但在企业的具体实践中仍然存在一些问题.全面预算管理的实施必须借助信息化的工具,基于ERP实施全面预算,通过二者的融合把信息技术与预算管理紧密结合起来,真正实现全面预算管理的系统化与战略化目标,最终实现企业的信息化管理,促使企业获得更大的发展空间.     

制造企业信息化管理体系评价研究

信息化评价是企业信息化成功实施的重要环节之一,随着信息技术本身不再是制约企业信息化发展的瓶颈,信息化管理的作用就越来越突出。给出了制造企业信息化管理体系的含义,并从管理体系的角度,确定了以管理职责、资源管理、IT项目实施、测量与改进这4方面为核心的三级综合评价指标体系。利用层次分析法,确定了各评价指标的权重,并应用模糊综合评价方法对制造企业信息化管理体系进行了整体评价。最后,通过在重庆市某大型制造企业的应用,对系统进行了验证。     

制造企业信息化管理体系评价研究

信息化评价是企业信息化成功实施的重要环节之一,随着信息技术本身不再是制约企业信息化发展的瓶颈,信息化管理的作用就越来越突出.给出了制造企业信息化管理体系的含义,并从管理体系的角度,确定了以管理职责、资源管理、IT项目实施、测量与改进这4方面为核心的三级综合评价指标体系.利用层次分析法,确定了各评价指标的权重,并应用模糊综合评价方法对制造企业信息化管理体系进行了整体评价.最后,通过在重庆市某大型制造企业的应用,对系统进行了验证.     

PLM与ERP实施对产品质量提升的研究及应用

从PLM、ERP系统各自质量管理功能及ERP与PLM集成3个方面,深入研究信息化实施对产品质量改善带来的影响,并将PLM、ERP应用于企业生产和管理实际,结果表明,PLM、ERP能够规范质量管理流程,提升产品研发、制造质量。结合企业信息化实施,从产品质量的进一步提升角度对未来信息化实施提出几点建议。     

企业信息化管理体系初探

参照ISO9000质量管理体系的原理和做法,提出建立一个标准化的信息化管理体系,规范企业信息化策划、实施、改进的整个过程,以提高企业信息化实施的成功率。通过策划和运行“信息化管理体系”,企业可以对信息化建设实施全过程、全方位的指导、管理和控制。给出了信息化管理体系的相关概念和内容,提出了信息化管理体系的运行模式和实施步骤。     

威高:平台解放中的协调动作

对于企业来说，随着企业规模越来越大，不实施信息化，就无法把企业的信息整合，就无法引入新的管理理念，企业也就无法实现大的跨越。不引入ERP信息化管理，企业就会亏损，引入了ERP信息化管理，企业就会基业常青。     

Differential expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax in rat gastric chief and parietal cells

Apoptotic cell death is common in the inflamed gastric mucosa, but its role in the regulation of cell homeostasis in normal gastric mucosa is unknown. We investigated the expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax and their roles in the regulation of apoptosis in normal rat gastric mucosa and in cultures of highly enriched rat chief and parietal cells by immunostaining, Western blotting, and FACS. In intact tissue CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax were localized predominantly in the glandular base region in chief cells. In freshly isolated cells, expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax was much more pronounced in chief cells than in parietal cells. A lower intracellular Bcl-2/Bax ratio suggesting a higher susceptibility to apoptosis was noticed in chief rather than in parietal cells. In extended cultures of parietal and chief cells, Bax expression was upregulated and Bcl-2 expression was downregulated. These regulatory changes, presumably caused by in vitro effects, were not associated with an increase in spontaneous apoptosis. Treatment of chief and parietal cells with Fas-ligand induced apoptosis of all CD95 expressing cells. Expression of CD95, Bcl-2, and Bax predominantly in chief cells suggests that in this cell type regulation of apoptosis may differ from that in parietal cells. Binding of FasL with functionally active CD95 receptors on chief and parietal cells may be relevant for induction of apoptosis in inflamed gastric mucosa.     

Extracellular breakdown of collagen by mice decidual cells. A cytochemical and ultrastructural study.

The interaction of antimesometrial decidual cells and collagen fibrils was studied by light microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry in fed and acutely fasted mice on days 9-11 of pregnancy. Fibrillar elements in the extracellular space consisted of collagen fibrils and filamentous aggregates (disintegrating collagen fibrils). Intracellular vacuoles exhibited typical collagen immersed in electron-translucent material (clear vacuoles) and faint cross-banded collagen immersed in electron-opaque material (dark vacuoles). Fibrillar elements showed extracellular acid phosphatase activity which was stronger in the region of mature decidua than in predecidual cells region in all animals; it was conspicuous in mature decidua of fasted animals. Intracellular acid phosphatase activity was observed in dark vacuoles and lysosomes, and was absent in clear vacuoles in all cells studied. Since acid phosphatase activity reflects the presence of lysosomal hydrolases in general, the results indicate that breakdown of extracellular collagen occurs by release of lysosomal enzymes by decidual cells and also by internalization of collagen for intracellular degradation in fed and fasted mice. Collagen breakdown may be part of the process of tissue remodeling in mature and predecidual regions, however, in mature decidua, collagen breakdown is enhanced and may therefore contribute to nutrition of the fetus, specially in acutely fasted mice.     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors in the avian brain: functional implications for neural sex differences and sexual behaviors

Developmental and seasonal changes in the production of androgens, estrogens, and progestins seem to control sex-specific differentiation and seasonal changes in appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of birds. This results in profound sex differences in the quality (sex-specific) or quantity (sex-typical) of behaviors such as courtship, territoriality, or copulation. Steroids affect the brain by binding to intracellularly located receptors. The same brain areas express androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors in male and female brains. Sex differences in these genetically determined patterns occur in the size of neuron populations that intrinsically express sex steroid receptors. Further permanent sex differences are subsequent to degenerative fates of receptor expressing neuron populations during ontogeny. Transient sex differences in receptor expression appear to be due to area-specific up- and down-regulation of receptor levels, reflecting transient changes in the level of circulating steroids, changes in environmental conditions, or in the physiological status of the individuals. In particular, intrinsic sex differences in the expression pattern of sex steroid receptors and steroid-independent regulation of the expression level of these receptors in the brain are limiting mechanisms for gonad-dependent sexual development and activities.     

五自由度机器人的结构设计及其控制

介绍了串联五自由度机器人的机械结构和机器人控制系统的设计.文中设计的五自由度机器人既可以用于实际生产,也可以用于教学和科研.用于实际生产既可以执行点位控制下的操作,也可以执行连续轨迹控制下的操作;用于教学和科研时,该机器人可用于机器人结构分析、机构运动学分析及机器人控制系统的教学演示和实验操作.它具有结构简单、操控方便等特点,而且可以做进一步的研发.     

Effects of humidity on nanometer scale wear of a carbon film

Influence of environmental humidity on scanning-scratched wear tests of a carbon film deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering are evaluated in both air and nitrogen with an atomic force microscope and a diamond tip. Wear depth is larger in higher humidity and also larger in air than in nitrogen. Effect of humidity on scratch load dependence and repeated scanning-scratch tests are larger in nitrogen than in air. Effect of humidity on wear is clearer in the repeated scanning-scratch test than in the scratch load dependence test especially in air, and also clearer at larger scratch load. In scratch velocity dependence test, there is a tendency that wear depth decreases with increase in logarithm of scratch velocity both in air and nitrogen. Wear models to explain the experimental results are discussed.     

Suspension mechanism simulation and optimization considering multiple disciplines

A new method in suspension mechanism design considering two coupled disciplines, dynamics and structure, has been proposed in this paper. One of the decomposition methods widely used in multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO)—collaborative optimization (CO) has been used in this work. CO is a bi-level optimization architecture that preserves the autonomy of individual disciplines. In subsystem level, these two disciplines share the same model from CAD models in preprocess stage. Data file and interface have been explained and implemented in detail. The result obtained has shown that it works well and the time cost is less than before. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Jeong Sam Han Hao Wang received his B.Sc. degree of mechatronic engineering in 2005 in Automation Science and Electrical Engineering at Beihang University and he is a Ph.D. candidate at Beihang University. His research interests are in the area of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, computer integrated manufactory system and product lifecycle management. Shaoping Wang received her BS, MS and Doctoral degree in mechatronic engineering from Beihang University in 1988, 1991 and 1994. She is a professor of mechatronic engineering in school of automation science and electrical engineering at Beihang University. Her research interests include reliability engineering, product lifecycle management, fault diagnosis, fault tolerant control, system modeling and simulation. Mileta M. Tomovic received a B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Belgrade in 1979. He then went on to receive his M.S. degree and Ph.D. degrees from MIT and University of Michigan in 1981 and 1991, respectively. Dr. Tomovic is currently a Professor at Batten College of Engineering and Technology, Old Dominion University in Norfolk, U.S. Dr. Tomovic’s research interests are in the area of system dynamics and controls, manufacturing processes, design optimization, collaborative design, PLM, modeling of rapid prototyping and fast free form fabrication methods, and web-based multi-user platform development.     

The intracellular distribution of ions and water in rat liver and heart muscle

Local dry mass concentrations of intracellular compartments in rat heart muscle and liver cells were estimated by quantitative electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of ultrathin frozen-dried cryosections. The results were used to calculate elemental concentrations per litre of compartment water from the X-ray microanalytical data. Water fractions were between 80.3 ± 1.3% of wet weight in the decondensed chromatin and only 45.1 ± 1.7% in mitochondria of liver cells. The lowest water fraction in heart muscle cells was also found in mitochondria. The ionic concentrations found in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the myofibrils are in accord with the electroneutrality rule and in osmotic equilibrium with the extracellular concentrations. The concentrations of Na, K, Cl and P both in the cytoplasm and in the regions of decondensed chromatin within the nuclei were found to be equal. However, in regions of condensed chromatin K⁺ concentrations were found to be much higher than expected for a Donnan distribution of ions free in solution. Most probably the activity coefficient for K⁺ is lower in the condensed chromatin than in the decondensed or in the cytoplasm. The same holds true for the A-band as compared to the I-band in heart muscle cells. A sequestration of K⁺ was measured also in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of hepatocytes. The Cl^? concentration in mitochondria both in heart muscle and liver cells has been measured far in excess of what might be expected from a Nernstian distribution. A coupled inward Cl^? transport in mitochondria must, therefore, be assumed.     

中国部分典型地区气溶胶光学特性观测

利用DTF型太阳光度计在我国几个典型城市地区较长期观测得到的资料,分析了不同地区气溶胶光学厚度日变化和季节变化特征,得到了各地区观测期间日均值、月均值和季节值的变化.结果显示,观测期间丽江地区气溶胶光学厚度最小,大气较洁净,大气中以细粒子为主;其次是张北;喀什和合肥地区气溶胶光学厚度都较大,但喀什、张北多以粗粒子为主,合肥多以细粒子为主.各地区都在春季气溶胶光学厚度较大,冬季最小.喀什的气溶胶光学厚度值多集中在0.15到0.7之间,张北多集中在0.08到0.4之间,合肥多集中在0.2到0.75之间,丽江多集中在0.01到0.1之间.各地区气溶胶光学厚度和(A)ngstr(o)m波长指数频率分布基本呈高斯分布,气溶胶光学厚度峰值分布由高到低依次为合肥、喀什、张北、丽江,(A)ngstr(o)m波长指数由高到低依次为丽江、合肥、张北、喀什.