（急）PDMS/ZrO2/SiO2超疏水辐射制冷薄膜的制备及性能

被动日间辐射制冷（PDRC）技术由于不需要外部能源、绿色清洁无污染而受到广泛关注。该文通过将聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和二氧化锆（ZrO2）颗粒进行复合形成分散液，将其浇铸成膜后得到PDMS/ZrO2辐射制冷薄膜材料，然后通过喷涂PDMS/SiO2分散液对其进行疏水化处理制备了一种超疏水辐射制冷薄膜材料。通过优化ZrO2粒径和喷涂液中SiO2用量，薄膜表面接触角可达156.6 ° ± 2 °，滚动角为0.3 ° ± 0.1 °，呈现优异的自清洁性能。其太阳光反射率高达95.3%，红外发射率大于90%。在太阳光直射下，薄膜可实现平均9.99 ℃的降温效果。薄膜的自清洁性能使其表面不受泥土污染从而具有稳定持久的辐射降温功能。除此之外，薄膜具有优异的机械性能、耐摩擦性能以及耐酸/碱溶液和紫外光照稳定性。     

多孔结构耐磨超疏水薄膜的制备及性能

为了获得持久稳定的超疏水材料,本研究将聚偏氟乙烯共六氟丙烯共聚物（P(VDF-HFP)）和疏水改性的纳米三氧化二铝（Al2O3）进行复合并通过溶剂/非溶剂诱导相分离法制备了一种耐磨超疏水薄膜。采用SEM及能谱分析仪和接触角测量仪分别对薄膜的表面微观结构、化学组成和疏水性能进行表征。结果表明：制备的薄膜具有自相似微纳米复合微观结构。并且薄膜具有优异的自清洁性和耐机械摩擦性,即使经历360个周期的砂纸磨损（100 g载重）后仍保持超疏水性。除此之外薄膜具有优异耐化学溶液和紫外灯照射稳定性。     

共水解法制备透明超疏水表面

利用硅烷偶联剂与正硅酸乙酯共水解法对SiO2纳米颗粒进行原位疏水化处理,并采用共水解后的溶胶在玻璃基底上浸渍提拉成膜,两次成膜后即可以使玻璃表面呈现良好的超疏水性并保持较好的透明度。论文通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱、接触角仪进一步对超疏水表面进行了表征。实验结果显示制备的超疏水表面不仅具有较大的表观接触角（≥150°）,而且该表面有着较小的接触角滞后。通过该方法制备的超疏水表面不需要使用昂贵的全氟烷进行后续疏水化处理,从而简化了超疏水表面的制备工艺。     

类水黾脚部“凹凸沟壑”结构仿生超疏水涂层的制备与性能

以坡缕石粉为功能颜料,环氧树脂E-44和杜仲胶混合物为成膜物质,在涂有环氧/杜仲胶清漆的表面制备了一层具有类水黾脚部“凹凸沟壑”结构的仿生超疏水涂层。对涂层形貌和结构进行SEM、FTIR、XRD表征,对C3涂层（坡缕石粉质量分数为25%）进行水接触角、水滚动角、自清洁性能、抗润湿性能、耐磨性能、耐水性能等测试。结果表明,C3涂层表面具有明显的“凹凸沟壑”结构,其平均静态、动态水接触角为153.1°、152.6°,水滚动角为8.8°,具有优异的自清洁性能;C3涂层对泥土浆液、甲基橙溶液和亚甲基蓝溶液具有优良的抗润湿性,接触角均大于150°;C3涂层具有良好的基材适用性,涂覆于混凝土、织物棉布、纸张及塑料等表面均具有超疏水性能;经过载重为100 g的A4纸循环打磨50次,C3涂层水接触角依然高达151.9°,具有较好的耐磨性能;C3涂层在经过18和24 h浸泡后,其水接触角分别为152.2°和144.5°。     

纳米二氧化硅改性超疏水性汽车蜡的研究

将表面修饰有高疏水链结构的纳米二氧化硅微粒加入到汽车蜡中,制备出了具有疏水性的纳米复合涂层,利用接触角测定仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了其性能。结果表明,当纳米微粒添加到5%时,涂层的接触角达到了150°以上,具有超疏水性,SEM观察了表面形貌。     

层层自组装制备透明超疏水表面

利用层层自组装技术在玻璃表面上沉积二氧化硅纳米颗粒与聚苯乙烯球,高温烧结去除苯乙烯球后可在玻璃基底上构筑由二氧化硅纳米颗粒组成的阶层纳米粗糙微观结构,然后利用1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(FAS)进行表面疏水化处理制备透明超疏水表面,该表面与水的接触角高达166°。实验考察SiO2颗粒粒径对超疏水表面性能的影响并针对超疏水表面进行了扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱、接触角及热重表征。     

ZnO/聚二甲基硅氧烷超疏水薄膜的制备及其性能研究

通过硬脂酸对ZnO粒子的改性,使其表面引入了疏水性的甲基,将改性后的ZnO粒子与低表面能物质聚二甲基氧烷经过混合陈化固化过程后,在钢片上形成聚二甲基硅氧烷/ZnO超疏水涂层。采用接触角分析仪、扫描电镜、红外光谱,表征涂层表面的形貌和疏水性。结果表明,改性后的ZnO粒子在聚合物上构造微/纳米双重粗糙结构表面,涂层表面具有优异的自清洁性,水的静态接触角达161°,滚动角5°。该方法简单有效有巨大的应用前景。     

技术创新

中科院化学所纳米领域 又取得突破性进展 中国科学院化学研究所江雷研究员与徐坚研究员合作,继”超疏水性聚丙烯腈纳米纤维”之后,最近又在超疏水性纳米界而材料的研究上取得突破性进展。他们以一种亲水性的高分子聚乙烯醇为原料,制备了具有超疏水性表面的纳米纤维,纤维表面与水的接触角大于170°。这种特殊的现象是由于聚乙烯醇分子形成了具有纳米结构的表面,分子在纳米     

非金属超疏水材料的制备方法及研究进展

介绍了构造超疏水材料的基本原理,综述了近年来超疏水材料的制备方法,重点介绍了构造表面微纳米粗糙结构的方法（刻蚀法、相分离法、模板法、化学液相沉积法、溶胶凝胶法）,并讨论了不同制备方法的优缺点和应用前景。用激光辐照、等离子体刻蚀等方法处理非金属材料都能得到理想的微纳米结构;用激光刻蚀低表面自由能的聚合物材料,可以不用修饰直接得到超疏水表面;相分离法适用于制备超疏水聚合物薄膜,其优点是设备简单,成本低,适合大规模制造;利用模板压印法制备聚合物超疏水材料简单易行,利用剥离力和反模板的作用,可以形成理想的二阶微纳米粗糙结构。     

粉煤灰超疏水不锈钢网的制备及油水分离

采用树脂粘接法,将硬脂酸修饰后的粉煤灰用环氧树脂粘接在不锈钢网骨架表面,制备了超疏水不锈钢网,并对其进行了TEM、SEM、FTIR和接触角等表征。结果显示：在高倍显微镜下改性后的超疏水不锈钢网表面呈一定粗糙度的微纳米分级结构,静态水接触角高达153°。此外,该超疏水不锈钢网具有良好的机械稳定性和超疏水耐久性,其表面经机械磨损试验100次后水静态接触角仍高达141°。该材料用于多种油/有机溶剂与水的混合液的分离中,分离效率均高于94%。     

One-pot fabrication of robust hydrophobia and superoleophilic cotton fabrics for effective oil-water separation

A one-pot sonochemical irradiation method was developed for the fabrication of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cotton fabric from a solution consisting of branched silica nanoparticles and tetraethoxysilane-dodecyltrimethoxysilane sol. The silica/sol-coated cotton fabric could be wetted by liquids of low surface tension, but was water repellent with a water contact angle of 159 ± 1.2° and water shedding angle of 6 ± 0.8°. The as-prepared cotton fabric could be used as effective materials for the separation of oil from water with separation efficiency as high as 98.2% and maintained separation efficiency above 94% after 30 separation cycles for the kerosene-water mixture. Moreover, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cotton fabric could maintain stable superhydrophobicity after treatment with strong acidic and alkali solutions, and harsh mechanical damage. Therefore, this reported robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric exhibits encouraging practical application for oil-water separation.     

Tunability of the Adhesion of Water Drops on a Superhydrophobic Paper Surface via Selective Plasma Etching

We report the fabrication of a sticky superhydrophobic paper surface with extremely high contact angle hysteresis: advancing contact angle ～150° (superhydrophobic) and receding contact angle ～10° (superhydrophilic). In addition, we report the controlled tunability of the contact angle hysteresis from 149.8 ± 5.8° to 3.5 ± 1.1°, while maintaining superhydrophobicity, as defined through an advancing contact angle above 150°. The hysteresis was tuned through the controlled fabrication of nano-scale features on the paper fibers via selective plasma etching. The variations in contact angle hysteresis are attributed to a transition of the liquid–surface interaction from a Wenzel state to a Cassie state on the nano-scale, while maintaining a Cassie state on the micro-scale. Superhydrophobic cellulosic surfaces with tunable stickiness or adhesion have potential applications in the control of aqueous drop mobility and the transfer of drops on inexpensive, renewable substrates.     

Superhydrophobic surfaces: a review on fundamentals,applications, and challenges

Superhydrophobicity is the tendency of a surface to repel water drops. A surface is qualified as a superhydrophobic surface only if the surface possesses a high apparent contact angle (>150°), low contact angle hysteresis (<10°), low sliding angle (<5°) and high stability of Cassie model state. Efforts have been made to mimic the superhydrophobicity found in nature (for example, lotus leaf), so that artificial superhydrophobic surfaces could be prepared for a variety of applications. Due to their versatile use in many applications, such as water-resistant surfaces, antifogging surfaces, anti-icing surfaces, anticorrosion surfaces etc., many methods have been developed to fabricate them. In this article, the fundamental principles of superhydrophobicity, some of the recent works in the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces, their potential applications, and the challenges confronted in their new applications are reviewed and discussed.     

耐腐蚀超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的制备及其在油水分离过程中的应用

以不锈钢网为基底,通过化学刻蚀法制备微米级粗糙表面,通过一步浸泡法将st9ber法制得的疏水亲油纳米Si O2颗粒沉积到粗糙的不锈钢网表面,制备了具有微纳二级粗糙结构的超疏水超亲油不锈钢网。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和接触角测量仪(CA)表征了超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的表面形貌、化学组成和润湿性能,并将其用于油水分离过程中。结果表明,疏水亲油纳米Si O2颗粒成功的沉积到不锈钢网表面;水滴在超疏水超亲油不锈钢网上的接触角最大为151°,煤油的接触角为0°;制备的超疏水超亲油不锈钢网不仅能高效的分离不同种类油和水的混合物,还能高效的分离油和腐蚀性液体(强酸或强碱水溶液)的混合物,其耐腐蚀特性可满足复杂环境下的油水分离要求。     

In situ preparation of recoverable superhydrophobic coatings for various environments

A superhydrophobic coating was synthesized by in-situ reaction of fumed silica nanoparticles and a co-precursor which contains methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS), and diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPDS). The superhydrophobic surface was achieved by the spray of above mixtures on the substrates. Micro/nano structure of the surface was controlled by the silica nanoparticles. The wetting behavior of the surface was enhanced after coated and obtained a maximum 154^o static water contact angle and a minimum 1^o sliding angle. The surface retained its superhydrophobicity as well as good corrosive resistance and adhesion at a high temperature of 460?°C. Damage to the superhydrophobic coatings caused by extremely low temperature or mechanical force could be easily repaired through a heat treatment or a new spray.     

Facile creation of superhydrophobic surface with fluorine–silicon polymer under ambient atmosphere

A fluorine?Csilicon polymer of poly(styrene-co-1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate-co-vinyltriethoxysilane) (PSFV) was synthesized by bulk polymerization, and superhydrophobic surfaces were subsequently fabricated utilizing phase separation technique in one step by casting PSFV copolymer solution under ambient atmosphere. The PSFV copolymer was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), and then ethanol was added into the solution to induce phase separation. The surface morphologies of the copolymer films were controlled by the degree of phase separation, which could be tuned easily by the ethanol/THF volume ratio and the solution??s initial concentration. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the superhydrophobic copolymer film had a rough surface with a binary hierarchical structure. A brief explanation of the formation of the special microstructure was put forward. The water contact angle and sliding angle of the superhydrophobic PSFV surface were measured as 162° and 4°, respectively. The simplicity of the operation??s process might make the superhydrophobic surface potentially useful in a variety of applications.     

Facile and eco-friendly fabrication of hierarchical superhydrophobic coating from eggshell biowaste

This study reports a facile and sustainable approach to fabricate superhydrophobic coating from eggshell biowaste. The coating was prepared by ball milling chicken eggshells, composed of hydrophilic calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), to microsized particles followed by surface hydrophobilizing with stearic acid (C₁₇H₃₅COOH) to form low surface energy nanosized calcium stearate ((C₁₇H₃₅COO)₂Ca) through the esterification of hydroxyl groups (-OH) absorbed on a surface of CaCO₃ with carboxyl groups (–COOH) of stearic acid. Then, a layer of modified eggshell particles dispersed in polystyrene (PS) binder was dip-coated on a substrate. A coated surface with water contact angles of 151° ± 1° on glass and 153° ± 1° on cotton fabric substrates was achieved when a 4:1 weight ratio of the modified eggshell:PS was used. The uniform distribution of the modified eggshell particles throughout the coating led to a surface with high degree of hierarchical micro-nanoscale roughness which resulted in superhydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic eggshell coating showed good environmental stability, self-cleaning, and oil/water separation properties. These results suggest that eggshell biowaste can be utilized for superhydrophobic applications.     

Direct laser etching of hierarchical nanospheres on silicon rubber surface with robust dynamic superhydrophobic stability

Silicone rubbers with high dynamic superhydrophobic stability have an extensive application prospect. Applying direct laser etching technology, a fast and efficient method is proposed for the preparation of silicone rubber surfaces with hierarchical nanospheres and robust dynamic superhydrophobicity. A 4 μl water droplet on the laser modified silicone rubber surface exhibits a contact angle (CA) of 154 ± 3° and a roll-off angle (RA) of 5 ± 1°, there is a 65.6% increase in CA compared with the pristine silicon rubber. Moreover, the modified surface can stabilize its superhydrophobic state under a dynamic pressure of 1960.2 Pa. Interestingly, no significant change in the contacting time for the droplets with different impacting speed is found, which means that the stabilized contact time and robust dynamic superhydrophobicity are induced on the modified silicone rubber surface. The self-cleaning and anti-icing properties on the modified surface can effectively reduce the damage caused by surface pollution, ice formation, and other natural factors when applied to power lines, sealing elements, and automotive.     

High stability superhydrophobic glass-ceramic surface with micro–nano hierarchical structure

Inspired by the surface structure of lotus leaves, micro–nano hierarchical surface structures have been widely used for designing superhydrophobic surfaces. However, the conventionally designed superhydrophobic surface structures are fragile. In this study, a layer of micron-sized mullite whiskers was grown using molten salt on the surface of BaAl₂Si₂O₈ (BAS) glass ceramics. Subsquently, SiO₂ nanoparticles modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane were sprayed onto the whisker layer to form a superhydrophobic surface. The nanoparticles exhibit superhydrophobicity, which is protected by the whisker layer containing pores and bulges. This prohibits direct contact between the nanoparticles and external objects. Contact and rolling angle tests indicated that the surface contact angle of the micro–nano hierarchical structure is 158° and the rolling angle is less than 10°. The stability of the superhydrophobic surface was tested through ultraviolet light, long-time immersion in solutions with various pH values, water scouring, and sandpaper abrasion. The results showed that the contact angle is greater than 150°. This study is expected to provide a simple and effective method for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on ceramics on a large scale.     

Preparation of a Superhydrophobic ZnO Film on ITO Glass via Electrodeposition Followed by Oxidation. Effect of the Deposition Time

This study investigates the fabrication of a stable superhydrophobic surface with low contact angle (CA) hysteresis using ZnO thin films prepared by cathodic electrodeposition and subsequent gaseous oxidation. The deposition time is a crucial factor in nanostructuring and producing surface roughness of the films. Cathodic electrodeposition for 60 s created a number of nanopillars, which exhibited the highest CA value, i.e., 167.9°. The rough ZnO surface displayed not only enhanced water repellency with low CA hysteresis but also excellent superhydrophobic stability. The application of the Cassie–Baxter model demonstrated that the ZnO nanostructure contributed to increasing the area of a water droplet in contact with air, leading to superhydrophobicity. Such a unique textured surface showed a great potential for the engineering of strong superhydrophobic coatings.