轻度混合动力电动汽车多能源动力总成控制器的开发

以某轻度混合动力电动汽车为对象研究整车功率分配策略,详细分析驾驶员功率需求确定、发动机工作区域优化和制动能量回收控制策略,并在此基础上开发了多能源动力总成控制器的硬软件系统。通过对多能源动力总成控制器的硬件在环仿真试验和实车匹配测试,不仅证明该控制器能高效、可靠地运行,而且取得了降低整车油耗16．9％,排放指标远低于欧III标准的控制效果。     

并联混合动力汽车控制策略与仿真分析研究

应用逻辑门限值控制方法,提出同时限制发动机和电池工作区间的控制策略,通过设定门限值,控制发动机工作在高效率区间,提供要求的力矩,电动机作为载荷调节装置。当需要大力矩输出时电动机参与驱动;当需要小力矩输出时,视电池的荷电状态 (State of charge,SOC),电动机单独驱动,或电动机作为发电机工作吸收发动机剩余力矩对电池进行充电,并将电池的SOC维持在合理范围内。基于实际工况特点,详细地论述了控制策略的开发过程,给出了发动机、电动机、电池控制条件和执行策略。最后,通过修改ADVISOR软件中相应部件的模型,来达到实现控制策略和开发目标的目的。仿真分析结果表明,所开发的控制策略和参数匹配能够满足开发目标,并且对于不同的循环工况,只须对控制策略中控制参数做相应调整。控制策略开发为下一步控制器的设计和优化提供了参考依据。     

混联式混合动力车多能源动力控制系统的开发

提出一种混联式混合动力车的控制系统,它在结构上有以下特点:双电动机方案、动力在自动变速箱后端耦合、基于CAN网络的整车控制系统.在能量管理策略方面采用基于最优动力系统效率的优化ICE曲线控制策略,用"九点定义法"确定驱动需求转矩,在自动变速换挡过程中的采用动力协调控制策略,并在制动能量回收控制中考虑了滑行制动和强制制动两种控制模式.在此基础上开发多能源动力控制系统,并进行硬件在环仿真测试和实车匹配调试.实车测试结果表明,该多能源动力总成控制器能有效地实现对多能源动力的控制,使车辆的经济性和动力性都有很大提高.     

轿车混合动力总成控制系统的开发与试验研究

为实现混合动力电动轿车的能量管理和状态切换问题,开发了国内具有全部自主知识产权的混合动力汽车动力总成的综合控制系统。详细介绍了混合动力汽车动力总成控制系统的组成与功能。混合动力汽车动力总成控制系统在动态试验台上进行了大量全面的试验。最后,给出了混合动力汽车动力总成控制系统在动态试验台上的试验结果。从试验结果可以看出,混合动力汽车动力总成控制系统的控制措施是有效的。     

MODELING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEED GOVERNOR FOR THE HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE ENGINE

A speed control analysis for an in-line gasoline fueled internal combustion (IC) engine is presented for the purpose of alleviation of high frequency oscillations in engine revolutions.A dynamic cylinder-by-cylinder model is proposed,base on slider-crank mechanism,which is extended to develop a digital governor providing a high fidelity estimation of rotary speed oscillation for hybrid vehicle engines.A modified PID controller that P and I gain is placed in feedback path is also described for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) engine speed regulation.By comparison between measured and estimated signals,it is demonstrated that a good agreement has been achieved and the governor behaves an excellent damping speed ripple.     

ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Energy management strategy (EMS) is the core of the real-time control algorithm of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). A novel EMS using the logic threshold approach with incorporation of a stand-by optimization algorithm is proposed. The aim of it is to minimize the engine fuel consumption and maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) in its operation range, while satisfying the vehicle performance and drivability requirements. The hybrid powertrain bench test is carried out to collect data of the engine, motor and battery pack, which are used in the EMS to control the powertrain. Computer simulation model of the HEV is established in the MATLAB/Simulink environment according to the bench test results. Simulation results are presented for behaviors of the engine, motor and battery. The proposed EMS is implemented for a real parallel hybrid car control system and validated by vehicle field tests.     

混合动力汽车控制策略的研究现状及其发展趋势

对混合动力汽车的结构型式进行分类,HEV的动力系统基本可分为串联式、并联式和混联式3种,对并联型和串联型混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状进行分析。混联式混合动力系统结合了串联式和并联式两种结构的优点,使得能量流动的控制和能量消耗的优化具有更大的灵活性和可能性,并对混联式结构的几种控制方案进行了分析。指出混合动力汽车的控制策略不十分完善,需要进一步优化。控制策略不仅仅要实现整车最佳的燃油经济性,而且还要兼顾发动机排放、蓄电池寿命、驾驶性能、各部件可靠性及整车成本等多方面要求,并针对混合动力汽车各部件的特性和汽车的运行工况,使发动机、电动机、蓄电池和传动系统实现最佳匹配,兼顾上述各方面要求的优化控制策略的研究应是今后的研究重点。     

混合动力轿车机械式自动变速器换挡过程中的动力系统协调控制方法

介绍了一种采用机械式自动变速器(AMT)的混合动力电动汽车(HEV)动力总成。HEV上采用AMT有同步器磨损、离合器磨损和动力中断时间等三个主要问题,用传统的AMT换挡控制方法难以解决。分析了这些问题产生的根源和解决方法,提出了AMT换挡过程中的动力系统协调控制方法,可缩短换挡过程中的动力中断时间、减小同步器和离合器磨损。通过仿真、硬件在环测试和实车试验对该方法测试和验证,试验结果证明了该控制方法的有效性。     

混合动力汽车动力性和经济性道路试验

结合混合动力汽车的特点,根据传统汽车试验标准并参考SAE J1711混合动力轿车试验方法对EQ7200HEV第一轮样车进行了道路试验。试验包括0～100 km/h加速试验、最高车速试验、最大爬坡试验及ECE15工况燃油经济性试验等。试验结果表明,试验样车可以合理、准确的实现多工况切换与控制功能,燃油经济性与基础样车比较有所提高,但需在第二轮开发时重点提高动力性、经济性方面的研究。道路试验为样车参数标定、控制策略优化及系统匹配提供了理论依据,同时对混合动力汽车试验方法进行了有益的探讨。     

并联式混合动力汽车控制算法的实时仿真研究

提出了一种以转矩管理策略和协调控制算法为主的并联式混合动力汽车控制算法,并利用dSPACE实时仿真的功能,对在Matlab/Simulink和Matlab/Stateflow平台上开发的前向式并联式混合动力汽车系统模型中的控制算法进行了实时仿真研究。实时仿真结果表明,综合了转矩管理策略和协调控制算法的并联式混合动力汽车控制算法可以达到既优化动力系统效率又保持动力传递平稳性的目的。     

ESTIMATION METHOD ON THE BATTERY STATE OF CHARGE FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE

A combined algorithm for battery state of charge （SOC） estimation is proposed to solve the critical issue of hybrid electric vehicle （HEV）. To obtain a more accurate SOC, both coulomb-accumulation and battery resistance-capacitor （RC） model are weighted combined to compensate the deficiencies of individual methods. In order to solve the key issue of coulomb-accumulation, the battery thermal model is used. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the heat generated from battery charge and discharge process is converted into the equivalent electricity to calculate charge and discharge efficiency under variable current. The extended Kalman filter （EKF） as a closed loop algorithm is applied to estimate the parameters of resistance-capacitor model. The input variables do not increase much computing difficulty. The proposed combined algorithm is implemented by adjusting the weighting factor of coulomb- accumulation and resistance-capacitor model. In the end, four different methods including Ah-efficiency, Ah-Equip, RC-SOC and Combined-SOC are compared in federal testing procedure （FTP） drive cycle. The experiment results show that the proposed method has good robustness and high accuracy which is suitable for HEV application.     

STEADY-STATE AND IDLE OPTIMIZATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

A novel steady-state optimization （SSO） of internal combustion engine （ICE） strategy is proposed to maximize the efficiency of the overall powertrain for hybrid electric vehicles, in which the ICE efficiency, the efficiencies of the electric motor （EM） and the energy storage device are all explicitly taken into account. In addition, a novel idle optimization of ICE strategy is implemented to obtain the optimal idle operating point of the ICE and corresponding optimal parking generation power of the EM using the view of the novel SSO of ICE strategy. Simulations results show that potential fuel economy improvement is achieved relative to the conventional one which only optimized the ICE efficiency by the novel SSO of ICE strategy, and fuel consumption per voltage increment decreases a lot during the parking charge by the novel idle optimization of ICE strategy.     

LOCATORS OPTIMIZATION FOR MEASURING FIXTURE DESIGN

"N-2-1" principle is widely recognized in the fixture design for deformable sheet metal workpieces, where N, the locators on primary datum, is the key to sheet metal fixture design. However, little research is done on how to determine the positions and the number of N locators. In practice, the N locators are frequently designed from experience, which is often unsatisfactory for achieving the precision requirement in fixture design. A new method to lay out the N locators for measuring fixture of deformable sheet metal workpiece is presented, given the fixed number of N. Finite-element method is used to model and analysis the deformation of different locator layouts. A knowledge based genetic algorithm (KBGA) is applied to identify the optimum locator layout for measuring fixture design. An example of a door outer is used to verify the optimization approach.     

串联式混合动力汽车辅助功率单元鲁棒辨识

串联式混合动力汽车柴油机辅助功率单元(APU)是一个多输入多输出的复杂非线性系统,为便于控制器的设计,提出一种简单的面向控制的APU模型鲁棒辨识方法。该方法基于非线性变增益控制的原理,把APU系统看成一个线性变参数系统,并将参数区域进行网格离散化,在每一工作点采用基于模型不确定性建模的方法进行模型辨识,其结果表示为名义模型及其不确定性区域。最后在APU试验台架上进行了辨识试验,试验结果表明该方法的可行性。     

混合动力汽车能量管理策略的四步骤设计方法

以行星齿轮结构的混合动力汽车的动力系统为研究对象,提出了一套能量管理策略的四步骤设计方法。第一步,引入混杂动态系统理论来描述既有离散事件动态系统特征又有连续变量动态系统特征的混合动力系统;第二步,利用序列二次项规划算法和动态规划算法分别求解出最佳功率分配和最佳工作模式切换序列的基本规律;第三步,建立基于规则和模糊规则的能量管理策略;第四步,利用遗传算法对第三步已经建立的工作模式切换规则和功率分配的模糊控制规则中的参数进行优化,以获得更佳的控制效果。     

加装超级电容纯电动汽车的性能分析

建立了基于MATLAB/Simulink的加装辅助能源——超级电容的电动车辆分析模型。通过CYC_CONST_45的仿真结果和实际运行结果比较,说明该模型的精度是可接受的。简要分析了多能源电动车辆的能源工作流程。通过车辆的动力性能、经济性能,包括匀速、变速、频繁加速/减速等不同的方面的分析表明,装配超级电容能够改善电动车辆的性能,并可以适当地保护蓄电池组,延长电动车辆续驶里程。     

离散变量桁架结构拓扑优化的混合遗传算法

为了避免结构拓扑优化过程中杆件和节点的增删带来的计算上的麻烦,在对桁架结构受力分析的基础上,提出一种启发式方法,以快速产生符合机动性要求的拓扑结构形式;然后在既定的拓扑结构形式下采用混合遗传算法——拟满应力遗传算法进行截面优化。该方法通过在遗传算法中嵌入拟满应力算子,同时对基本遗传算法采用最优个体保留、最差个体替换和控制种群个体差异等改进措施,有效提高遗传算法求解的效率和质量。算例结果表明,该方法用于离散变量桁架结构拓扑优化是有效的。     

OPTIMAL TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

In parallel hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) equipped with automatic mechanical transmission (AMT), the driving smoothness and the clutch abrasion are the primary considerations for powertrain control during gearshift and clutch operation. To improve these performance indexes of PHEV, a coordinated control system is proposed through the analyzing of HEV powertrain dynamic characteristics. Using the method of minimum principle, the input torque of transmission is optimized to improve the driving smoothness of vehicle. Using the methods of fuzzy logic and fuzzy-PID, the engaging speed of clutch and the throttle opening of engine are manipulated to ensure the smoothness of clutch engagement and reduce the abrasion of clutch friction plates. The motor provides the difference between the required input torque of transmission and the torque transmitted through clutch plates. Results of simulation and experiments show that the proposed control strategy performs better than the contrastive control system, the smoothness of driving and the abrasion of clutch can be improved simultaneously.     

小生境遗传算法的多刚体系统动力学参数优化设计

在分析多刚体系统动力学参数优化问题特点的基础上,针对用传统优化方法和标准遗传算法求解这一类问题时存在的问题,提出了一种改进的小生境遗传算法。采用最优保存策略和高斯变异算子,保证算法的稳定收敛和提高算法在每个峰值附近的局部搜索能力。将该方法用于5自由度汽车悬架系统动力学参数优化设计问题,结果表明该方法在收敛速度和获得全局最优解方面部有很大提高。     

OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC MANIFOLD BLOCKS BASED ON HUMAN-COMPUTER COOPERATIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM

Optimization design of hydraulic manifold blocks (HMB) is studied as a complex solid spatial layout problem. Based on comprehensive research into structure features and design rules of HMB, an optimal mathematical model for this problem is presented. Using human-computer cooperative genetic algorithm (GA) and its hybrid optimization strategies, integrated layout and connection design schemes of HMB can be automatically optimized. An example is given to testify it.