IEDM大会展现微米/纳米电子技术方面的进步

“2003年国际电子器件大会”(IEDM)于2003年12月8日至10日在美国华盛顿希尔顿大酒店举行。有关微米和纳米电子器件及工艺方面的进展情况在会上发表的诸多论文中有所涉及。此次展会囊括了硅器件和非硅材料器件技术、光电子、MEMS以及分子电子器件方面的最新成果。     

Beyond Blue

This paper presents the use of zinc oxide in UV emitting devices. It is a better material than gallium nitride for making these devices because it naturally emitts at those wavelengths more efficiently. The main hurdle to making zinc oxide devices has been getting stable - reliable p-type material material with an excess of holes, or electron deficiencies. Making an LED or laser diode requires a junction between p-type and n-type material. But when some of the zinc oxide is engineered to act as p-type material, it tends to revert to its natural n-type state after few months, which would cause a device to fail. This paper discusses some ways on how to make a p-type material     

半导体蓝光

叙述了当前以ＧａＮ为代表的第三代半导体材料的崛起。ＧａＮ因其优良的特性而被用于制造蓝色发光二极管和激光二极管,引起了世界蓝光热。它的研究不仅是高技术的前沿课题,而且是具有巨大市场前景的技术经济竞争领域。蓝色发光二极管和激光器在全色动态显示、固体照明光源、交通信号灯、汽车尾灯、光盘信息贮存以及深海通信等领域都有广阔应用前景。     

蓝色染料激光器

研制了一台蓝色高功率单模染料激光器。当多谱线紫外Ar~+激光泵浦功率为4W时,在波长为432nm处单模输出达150mW。用这台激光器用磁场法反向照射Ca原子束,结果表明Ca原子被明显减速。     

碧海追踪

蔚蓝的巴哈马海域景色独特宜人,是潜水者搏击人生的天堂。但这里也是鲨鱼出没、海盗光顾的危险区域。帅哥杰拉德与靓妹女友萨姆是这片海域养育成长起来的年轻一代,他们以潜水为业,辽阔的海域养成了他们勇敢好奇,自由豪放的性情。他们在茫茫深海中辛勤的劳作,日夜探索。海底是他们的开垦地,各种“残余物”     

Blue perovskite LEDs

Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs)show great potential in ultra-high-definition displays,due to their narrowband emission,wide color gamut (～140％),and cost-effective solution processability[1]M.Thanks to scientists' tremendous efforts,the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs)for the state-of-the-art PeLEDs emitting near-infrared and green light have reached 21.6％[2] and 23.4％[3],respectively.However,blue PeLEDs,as one of the essential technologies for perovskite-based high-resolution monitors and white light-ing,are still inferior to their red and green counterparts.Blue emission is usually achieved by using dimensional engineer-ing (quantum confinement) or composition engineering(mixed halides,e.g.,mixed Br/Cl) strategies.For example,quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskites,nanocrystals (e.g.,quantum dots,QDs) or nanoplates,give blue emission due to quantum confinement effects.However,achieving pure-blue(465-475 nm) and deep-blue (420-465 nm) light from quasi-2D perovskites is challenging[4],while ultra-small QDs and nanoplates suffer from high surface trap density and poor sta-bility[5].For PeLEDs based on mixed Br/Cl perovskites,the emis-sion peak can be tuned easily,but these perovskites face the disadvantages of phase separation and deep energy-level Cl vacancies[4].     

CSTN中的垫料和白点白块白边问题

详细介绍了CSTN中垫料（spacer）的种类和作用，在加电和不加电两种情况下，对表面处理和表面未处理的两种spacer周围液晶分子的排列特点进行了实验观察。本文介绍了CSTN白点形成的两种原因，还对CSTN白块和白边形成的机理进行了阐述。     

Blue and green noise halftoning models

In this article, we review the spatial and spectral characteristics of blue- and green-noise halftoning models. In the case of blue noise, dispersed-dot dither patterns are constructed by isolating minority pixels as homogeneously as possible, and by doing so, a pattern composed exclusively of high-frequency spectral components is produced. Blue-noise halftoning is preferred for display devices that can accommodate isolated dots such as various video displays and some print technologies such as ink-jet. For print marking engines that cannot support isolated pixels, dispersed-dot halftoning is inappropriate. For such cases, clustered-dot halftoning is used to avoid dot-gain instability. Green-noise halftones are clustered-dot, blue-noise patterns. Such patterns enjoy the blue-noise properties of homogeneity and lack low-frequency texture but have clusters of minority pixels on blue-noise centers. Green noise is composed exclusively of midfrequency spectral components. In addition to the basic spatial and spectral characteristics of the halftoning models, this article also reviews some of the earlier work done to improve error diffusion as a noise generator. We also discuss processes to generate threshold arrays to achieve blue and green noise with the computationally efficient process of ordered dither.     

双异质型蓝色OLED器件的研究

采用真空蒸镀法制备了ITO／NPB／BAlq3／Alq3／Mg：Ag(双异质型)和ITO／NPB／BAIq3／Mg：Ag(传统型)两种结构的蓝色有机电致发光器件(OLED)，并研究了器件结构对OLED光电性能的具体影响。实验结果表明，器件结构对OLED的发光光谱没有影响。其谱峰均位于480nm。但是器件结构却显著影响OLED的发光性能，与传统型结构器件相比，双异质型结构OLED的最大发光效率和最大发光亮度分别提高了4．5倍和5．5倍，达到1．901m／W和10000cd／m^2。这是因为双异质型器件结构中引入了电子传输层Alq3和空穴阻挡层BAlq3，从而使得能级匹配更加合理。载流子注入更加平衡的缘故。