Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA): Past,Present and Future

This article reviews research work on set of experience knowledge structure (SOEKS)-decisional DNA (DDNA) done in the past, ongoing, and planned for the future. Firstly, the concept of the knowledge representation technique of SOEKS-DDNA is discussed, and then an attempt is made to organize the past research related with it in chronological order. This work focuses on the review on SOEKS-DDNA, its application in different domains, the various implementation platforms, as well as its benefits and its limitations. The second part of this article provides an idea of the SOEKS-DDNA-related research endeavors currently carried out by us and the last part is a sneak peek into our planned future work.     

Now the work of software professionals changes everything

Software professionals' work remains vital to modern industrial society as key definitions of work, the organization of work, and the relationship of modern software systems to society's evolution demonstrate. This article discusses why the question of what work to pursue is interesting with regard to the software field; it also explores the meaning of work itself and its relation to the individual, society, and the economy.     

When is play productive?

Play at work is not a contradiction in terms. Rather, distinctions between work and play are becoming less clear, as more jobs involve expertise and microcomputers. This paper starts by describing play, its motives, and its consequences. Then the paper focuses on computer-based activities and suggests guidelines for activities and situations where play can enhance productivity. These guidelines should interest both software designers and those who choose software. The guidelines also generalize to work without computers.     

开放的缺省理论

本文基于开放逻辑理论，给出了缺省理论Ｔ＝＜Ｄ，Ｗ＞扩充Ｅ的新假设，事实反驳、ｅ－重构、ｅ－认识进程及其极限等概念的意义，讨论了Ｗ变化时新扩充的变化规律，并证明了相关的定理，本文还建立了缺省理论的一个动态描述过程，证明了其极限是某一特定问题的经验公式集，最后与相关工作进行了比较。     

某大型训练模拟器测控系统的设计与实现

结合某大型训练模拟器的任务需求和工作特点,以微型计算机为上位机,以单片机为核心的采控单元为下位机,采用集散控制结构,设计和研制了模拟器中的测控系统。按照功能、组成、工作原理或工作过程,分别对测控系统中的硬件结构、软件组成与流程、通信协议与接口等内容作了详细地介绍。     

Algorithms and allegories

Much of contemporary art practice is both produced and can be read with the notion of the algorithmic as its predominate trope. Similarly one can read older art practices as working under the aegis of allegory. Of course these registers and metaphors can be used to parse a distribution of artistic and cultural production across time in multiple directions. We often think of the algorithmic as that which concerns procedure, and don’t see it as its own meaning. In this text I am interested in exploring the algorithmic as a gesture, individualized and particular, something that can reveal an interiority of a work. In this way it is perhaps akin to the allegoric, where the work proper, comprised on the surface, simultaneously holds beneath and within it something else. The algorithmic as an author|composer’s signature, might be thought of as that secret storehouse of invention. With the advent of computation and the network, more and more contemporary art and sound work turns its attention to sequencing, loops, replication, modulation, mutation, generative systems, database and interface as instruction sets or grammars, both as ways to conceptualize and to produce work. The paper looks at a wide range of stratagems in works of sound, architecture, visual arts, and film to illustrate a correspondence between the allegoric and the algorithmic. Its aim is to encourage both practitioners and theorists to engage these two notions, the allegoric and the algorithmic, as a way to consider and produce work.     

'Ergonomics in the Nordic European countries--a historical perspective': paper presented at IEA 2000/HFES 2000 Congress. International Ergonomics Association

The Nordic Ergonomic Society was founded more than 30 years ago to represent Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Recently Iceland has also been included. The Nordic Ergonomics Society has, to a large extent, traditionally been oriented towards work in the area of physiology, and a large number of its members have backgrounds within such areas as work physiology, physiotherapy and rehabilitation. However, from its inception the society has had members who are experienced within, such fields as work psychology, design, engineering and occupational health and safety. Over the last decade we have also had new members from such areas as work sociology, organizational psychology, leadership, training, information technology and cybernetics. Members have been concerned mainly with the application and practice of ergonomics. The number of members involved in research has also increased over the years. The principal areas of application for such research have been within industry and government.     

基于AT89C2051的单户可视对讲门铃室内分机的设计

本文介绍一种基于单片机AT89C2501的单户可视对讲门铃室内分机的工作原理及软、硬件的设计与实现方法。     

Reveal codes: A new lens for examining and historicizing the work of secretaries

Using some autobiographical information from my own life and that of my grandmother when we were both secretaries, I argue that we in the academy lack language to describe low-status, gendered and classed work. In order to fairly measure the work that women do with technology as secretaries, and the literacy skills they need to perform this work, we need to shift our perspective and better recognize how we measure knowledge in workplace settings. I investigate some history of secretarial work in America, its relationship to similar female-dominated occupations and its relationship to educational programs promoting literacy. Reveal Codes—a reference to a command in early WordPerfect software programs that allowed typists to view the formatting they had done such as indenting and underlining text—is a metaphor for framing this project as an interrogation of both our work as scholars and the work of secretaries.     

基于MSP43F149的医用分子筛制氧机数据采集系统的设计

该文介绍了以MSP430F149为核心的医用分子筛制氧机数据采集系统的设计与实现,具体介绍了系统的工作原理及各功能部分的实现方法。经测试,系统整体工作稳定可靠。     

How can ergonomics influence design? Moving from research findings to future systems

Ergonomics design is about the creation of future work. So how can ergonomics research support and inform design if its findings are cast in a language oriented towards current work derived from field observations or laboratory settings? In this paper we assess instances of three different strands (experimental, ethnomethodological, and surveys) of ergonomics research on paper flight strips in air traffic control, for how they analytically confront future work and how they make the findings relevant or credible with respect to future work. How these justifications come about, or how valid (or well argued for) they are, is rarely considered in the ergonomics literature. All three strands appear to rely on rhetoric and argument as well as method and analysis, to justify findings in terms of their future applicability. Closing the gap between research results and future work is an important aim of the ergonomic enterprise. Better understanding of the processes necessary to bridge this gap may be critical for progress in ergonomics research and for the use of its findings in actual design processes.     

How can ergonomics influence design? Moving from research findings to future systems

Ergonomics design is about the creation of future work. So how can ergonomics research support and inform design if its findings are cast in a language oriented towards current work derived from field observations or laboratory settings? In this paper we assess instances of three different strands (experimental, ethnomethodological, and surveys) of ergonomics research on paper flight strips in air traffic control, for how they analytically confront future work and how they make the findings relevant or credible with respect to future work. How these justifications come about, or how valid (or well argued for) they are, is rarely considered in the ergonomics literature. All three strands appear to rely on rhetoric and argument as well as method and analysis, to justify findings in terms of their future applicability. Closing the gap between research results and future work is an important aim of the ergonomic enterprise. Better understanding of the processes necessary to bridge this gap may be critical for progress in ergonomics research and for the use of its findings in actual design processes.     

An online learning algorithm for adaptable topologies of neural networks

Many real scenarios in machine learning are of dynamic nature. Learning in these types of environments represents an important challenge for learning systems. In this context, the model used for learning should work in real time and have the ability to act and react by itself, adjusting its controlling parameters, even its structures, depending on the requirements of the process. In a previous work, the authors presented an online learning algorithm for two-layer feedforward neural networks that includes a factor that weights the errors committed in each of the samples. This method is effective in dynamic environments as well as in stationary contexts. As regards this method’s incremental feature, we raise the possibility that the network topology is adapted according to the learning needs. In this paper, we demonstrate and justify the suitability of the online learning algorithm to work with adaptive structures without significantly degrading its performance. The theoretical basis for the method is given and its performance is illustrated by means of its application to different system identification problems. The results confirm that the proposed method is able to incorporate units to its hidden layer, during the learning process, without high performance degradation.     

Metamorphosis: Remediation in Early English Books Online (EEBO)

Remediation refers to the re-presentation of old media in newmedia. This article studies remediation in electronic productsin library collections, especially the digital facsimile. EarlyEnglish Books Online (EEBO) is a particularly interesting example,not only because of its scholarly importance, but also becauseof its multi-layered genesis from printed work to microfilm(Early English Books (EEB)) to digital (EEBO) facsimile, andto the text encoding initiative EEBO-TCP, a joint ProQuest andText Creation Partnership (TCP) project. The article analysesthe impact of filters and limits of remediation in relationto EEBO and its predecessor EEB, such as the choice to duplicatea single copy of a work as bi-tonal black and white images,and to scholarly work.     

A Passive Repetitive Controller for Discrete-Time Finite-Frequency Positive-Real Systems

This work proposes and studies a new internal model for discrete-time passive or finite-frequency positive-real systems which can be used in repetitive control designs to track or to attenuate periodic signals. The main characteristic of the proposed internal model is its passivity. This property implies closed-loop stability when it is used with discrete-time passive plants, as well as the broader class of discrete-time finite-frequency positive real plants. This work discusses the internal model energy function and its frequency response. A design procedure for repetitive controllers based on the proposed internal model is also presented. Two numerical examples are included.     

利用Sybil攻击提升PageRank值

最近的研究证明Google的页面等级策略PageRank容易受到Sybil攻击。着眼于对如何构造Sybil攻击来优化PageRank值。提出了构造Sybile攻击的策略模型,考虑节点生成成本和迭代收敛性的前提下,证明了攻击的有效性。最后在模拟环境下对攻击进行了量化分析。     

Perception of difficulties for the back related to asssembly work: general findings and impact of back health

The study objective was to describe the perceptions of airplane assemblers on job demand for the back and how back pain modulated these perceptions. One hundred and seventy-six workers answered two questionnaires concerning back pain and the perception of work related difficulties (work activities, work contexts, tools, work positions, efforts). Results show that positions and work contexts are perceived as greater sources of difficulty than efforts or dynamic activities. The duration of a given position is more important than its frequency. Back pain has a significant but complex impact on the perception of difficulty. Assemblers appear to integrate several factors when evaluating their difficulties as opposed to individual aspects, as it is often measured in ergonomic studies. The results have important implications for the measurement of ergonomic factors in the genesis of back pain and illustrates the potential for misclassification and biases in current epidemiologic studies.     

Analysis and improvement of work postures in the building industry: application of the computerised OWAS method

Awkward work posture is associated with the development of musculo-skeletal disorders. Previous workplace investigations in new building construction have shown that physical work affects workers' health in 46% of jobs. There is, however, a need for detailed analysis of jobs having physical workload and ergonomics problems. OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) is a simple observation method for postural analysis, but there has been no study of its use in the building construction industry. The work described here examined (a) the use of the OWAS method to analyse work postures in building construction, (b) the development of a portable computer system for the OWAS method, (c) improvement of work postures identified as poor, and (d) use of the results as part of the ergonomics training programme of the company. Suggestions for work redesign measures are given.     

The work compatibility improvement framework: an assessment of the worker–work environment interaction in the manufacturing sector

The manufacturing sector in the US is challenged by high health care costs and shortage of qualified workers, which are largely attributed to the degree of fit between the worker and work environment. In this regard, a healthy worker–work environment interface is a necessary and sufficient condition for the containment of health care costs and the retaining/attraction of highly qualified knowledge workers and should be based on the principles of optimum physical, cognitive and emotional health for the workers. In prior research, the Work Compatibility Improvement Framework (WCIF) was introduced as a vehicle to address these issues and was defined as the identification, improvement and maintenance of the well-being characteristics of the workforce and its interaction with the work environment through the application of engineering, medicine, management and human sciences methodologies, technologies and best practices. This paper advances WCIF by examining its applications in manufacturing with regard to the evaluation of working conditions impacting musculoskeletal/stress outcome measures. A study was conducted in a machining department of a bag packaging manufacturer in the Midwest of the United States. The work tasks were planned and executed with regard to the following aims: (1) to compute work compatibility as a function of work demands and energisers; (2) to establish whether the prevalence of musculoskeletal/stress disorders increases with a decrease in the quality of worker–work environment interface in terms of work compatibility level and other work factors such as shift and job category. A major finding is that a ‘poor’ work environment (a function of all work domains) results in musculoskeletal/stress disorders that are 105% and 67% higher than those for a ‘good’ work environment. The evening shift exhibited the poorest compatibility followed by the night shift relative to the day shift. Application of the work compatibility approach demonstrated the detection of non-added value work. It is essential to evaluate the various domains of worker–work environment interface to uncover the root causes that tend to sub-optimise the physical/cognitive/emotional health of the workforce. The WCIF was used to uncover the non-value added effort in the work process. These findings will have major implications for developing and implementing customised design interventions with the aim to maximise the benefit and reduce the cost of employees in a manufacturing enterprise. The study findings suggest that the WCIF should be pursued as a potential strategic tool for optimising human performance in an enterprise to create healthy workplaces.