Sulfide-oxide corrosion of the materials and coatings of gas turbine blades

Results from studies on analyzing the state of materials and protective coatings of gas turbine blade systems subjected to the sulfide-oxide corrosion are presented, and factors causing its occurrence are described. Data obtained from studies on analyzing the effect of doping on the resistance of nickel alloys to corrosion are given, as well as data obtained from studies of the corrosion longevity of thermo barrier coatings.     

Experience with development of solar collectors made of heat-resistant plastics

The results obtained from measurements of the spectral optical characteristics of monolithic sheet and honeycomb polycarbonate, and from calculations of the integral transmission coefficient for transparent coatings of solar collectors are presented. The effect of solar radiation incidence angle on the transmission capacity of these coatings is evaluated. Data from a comparison between the integral power performance characteristics of conventional and plastic solar collectors are presented together with the results of preliminary research activities on applying selective absorbing coatings on polymeric materials.     

Robotized system for removal of slime from the bottom of steam generators

Reliability of steam generators depends not only on the main technical characteristics and correctness of the operational mode but also on the cleanliness of the heat-exchange surface and the presence of slime precipitated on the bottom. To provide the cleanliness, chemical methods of cleaning the heatexchange surfaces are used. In this article, we consider the process of removal of sediments that are formed precisely on the bottom of the steam generator from its volume. Possible mechanical methods for removal of sediments are presented. The consideration of variants of cleaning approved for acting steam generators showed the efficiency and applicability of the developed installation for the slime removal from steam generators. The main principles of construction of the system for slime removal from the steam generator bottom and constructive features of the installation, which make it possible to implement the stated tasks on the slime removal from the steam generator bottom, are given.     

奥里油电厂燃烧产物及其环境影响预测分析

介绍了奥里油特性及其在火力发电厂燃用所引起的排放情况和其它环境问题,分析了相应的烟气净化、细微颗粒物、痕量元素处理方法。结果表明：气体排放取决于具体设计和操作参数,与其它矿物燃料燃烧的气体排放相似。主要区别体现在：高硫含量和钒元素存在而引起的SO3排放问题,较大的烟气排放体积速率会影响ESP工作性能,较低的飞灰密度可能引起潜在的污染处理问题。另外,储运过程中因奥里油泄漏而对海洋生物的影响不会比6号燃料油严重。     

A methodology of shifting the equipment of nuclear power stations for repair on the basis of its technical state

Possible approaches for organizing maintenance and repairs to equipment of nuclear power stations based on experience gained from carrying out scheduled works and results obtained from subjecting equipment to technical diagnostics are analyzed. The sequence of steps to be taken for making a shift from scheduled maintenance and repairs to the strategy of carrying out equipment repairs on the basis of its technical state, which was developed and has been approbated at nuclear power stations, is described.     

考虑经济周期影响的中长期电力需求分析与预测

通过分析冀北五市1990—2007年这一长时期的全社会用电量增长率发现,它与中国经济周期的波动存在着一定相关关系,结合中国较长时期的经济周期变化特征的分析以及国内权威经济周期研究专家对2008年及未来几年经济形势的认识,并考虑对冀北五市开展的电力市场调研结论和该地区电力需求与经济周期之间的关系,对“十一五”后期以及“十二五”的电力需求进行了中长期预测,并进行了情景分析。     

Support Vector Machine for Classification of Voltage Disturbances

The support vector machine (SVM) is a powerful method for statistical classification of data used in a number of different applications. However, the usefulness of the method in a commercial available system is very much dependent on whether the SVM classifier can be pretrained from a factory since it is not realistic that the SVM classifier must be trained by the customers themselves before it can be used. This paper proposes a novel SVM classification system for voltage disturbances. The performance of the proposed SVM classifier is investigated when the voltage disturbance data used for training and testing originated from different sources. The data used in the experiments were obtained from both real disturbances recorded in two different power networks and from synthetic data. The experimental results shown high accuracy in classification with training data from one power network and unseen testing data from another. High accuracy was also achieved when the SVM classifier was trained on data from a real power network and test data originated from synthetic data. A lower accuracy resulted when the SVM classifier was trained on synthetic data and test data originated from the power network.     

木素磺酸钠对铅酸电池负极性能的影响

研究了木素磺酸钠对铅酸电池负极容量和高倍率部分荷电状态(HRPSoC)下循环性能的影响.随着木素磺酸钠的含量从0.2%增加到0.6%,电池的初始容量从6.262 Ah增加到6.781 Ah,但HRPSoC时,负极的循环寿命由6 215次减少到4 202次.木素磺酸钠吸附在铅表面阻碍了充电过程,导致充电过程的极化增大.     

Experimental study of the effect of spacer grid on the flow structure in fuel assemblies of the AES 2006 reactor

Results from an experimental study of the local hydrodynamic structure of liquid flow in a 37-cell model simulating a fuel assembly used in the AES-2006 reactor are presented. Special attention is paid to the effect of spacer grid on flow hydrodynamics. Data on variations of the local and integral values of the liquid axial velocity and friction stress on the fuel rod simulator’s wall with distance from the grid are given.     

风力发电研究现状与接入系统后的影响分析

阐述了对风力发电接入系统所带来问题的研究现状,并讨论了风力发电技术接入系统后对电网调度工作的影响。从电压偏差、谐波等方面分析了风力发电系统对电能质量的影响,从无功补偿和故障切除等方面分析了风力发电系统对电网稳定性的影响,从负荷和电源的角度分析了风力发电系统对电网可靠性的影响。     

风力发电工程对环境的影响

风力发电具有公认的环保优势,但风力发电工程对局部生态环境及自然景观等影响也日益受到人们的关注,主要体现在风轮机的视觉污染(或自然景观问题)、噪音、鸟类安全及电磁干扰等方面.风电场对环境的影响比单台风轮机对环境更大.风电场建成后再来消除或减轻不良影响将会付出高昂的代价.因此,在风电场规划、设计阶段,就应该充分考虑风力发电工程可能对环境造成的各种不利影响,并采取必要措施将其降至可接受的程度.     

Studying the effect of steam blow-off on the boundaries of stable draining of separated moisture from the louver unit

A methodology for determining the boundaries of stable draining of separated moisture from a louver-type moisture separator with blowing off the steam entrained from the separator’s collecting pocket. Dependences of the pressure drop factor from the model’s inlet to the collecting pocket on the modified Froude number and of the pressure drop factor for the blow-off outlet into the concurrent flow on the ratio of their velocities, which are used for calculating the flowrate and geometrical dimensions of the blow-off path, are presented.     

Electrolytical properties of solutions of lithium hydroxide at high temperatures and pressures

This paper presents experimental and calculated data on dissociation constants and specific and molar (limiting) electric conductivity of aqueous and vapor solutions of LiOH at concentrations ranging from 7.24 × 10^?7 to 3.34 × 10^?1 mol/kg and temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 646.65 K on the saturation line. To extend the capabilities of estimating the physico-chemical processes at lithium water chemistry under conditions of high temperatures, the graphical dependence of the specific conductivity of aqueous solutions of LiOH on concentration and temperature is given, which shows the advisability of determining concentration from a specific conductivity in the region of a maximum of curves describing the dependence of the specific conductivity on temperature. The values of pH and pOH of solutions of LiOH within the indicated range of concentrations and temperatures have been calculated. It is shown that on dosing LiOH solutions into the boiler water at concentrations from 7.24 × 10^?7 to 8.7 × 10^?6 mol/kg the values of pH for LiOH and H₂O are virtually the same at the temperature of 553 K, which scarcely affects the formation of protective lithium-ferrite film. Five relationships for calculating pH at different values of concentration and specific conductivity of LiOH solutions on isotherms ranging from 373.15 to 616.35 K have been worked out.     

小量偏离正分对多晶石榴石材料基本性能参数的影响

用普通陶瓷工艺制备了不同饱和磁化强度的一系列石榴石材料Y3-aRaFe5-bMebO12,测试了从富铁(缺钇)到缺铁(富钇)整个范围内每种材料的基本参数.研究了小量偏离正分(偏离量小于0.15)对石榴石材料基本性能参数的影响,并分析了材料介电损耗在富铁和富钇情况下的变化趋势差别如此巨大的原因.研究表明,对于小量偏离石榴石材料来说,介电损耗和剩磁比是最敏感的两个参数,而介电常数是最不敏感的参数.     

焚烧污泥重金属迁移的研究进展

焚烧技术是处理污泥的一种常用方法之一,而污泥中的重金属可能对环境造成严重污染。从4个方面对污泥重金属迁移规律进行了国内外文献综述,即:污泥预处理对重金属的削减、污泥焚烧过程中重金属的迁移、焚烧气氛对重金属迁移的影响以及添加剂对焚烧过程中重金属迁移的影响和添加剂对焚烧后的飞灰处理中重金属迁移影响。     

多馈入送电通道对受端用电网电压稳定的影响

以南方电网2008年夏季大运行方式为基础,对西电东送通道进行电压灵敏度分析,找出电压薄弱点和对电压较为敏感的关键母线.同时通过动态仿真扫描西电东送输电故障,得出会导致系统电压失稳的输电通道的严重故障,并针对故障提出相应解决措施.     

A review of studies of the biological effects of electromagnetic fields in the intermediate frequency range

Concerns have been raised regarding the relationship between electromagnetic fields and human health. Compared to the research on extremely low frequency (ELF) and radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields, very few studies have addressed the biological effects of the electromagnetic field with intermediate frequency (IF) from 300 Hz to 10 MHz. This paper reviews the biological effects of IF electromagnetic fields with around 20 kHz from in vivo and in vitro studies. In contrast to studies on the effects of ELF and RF electromagnetic fields, few studies on biological effects of IF elecromagnetic fields have been carried out. From a short review based on published articles, it is seen that the available research data is inadequate for health risk assessment of IF electromagnetic fields. In future, it will be very important to conduct biological effects studies and evaluate the effects on human health from exposure to IF electromagnetic fields. © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

延长电解槽大修周期的方法

从影响电解槽大修周期的因素入手，分析影响电解槽大修周期的原因，并从制造工艺和运行控制两方面介绍了延长电解槽大修周期的具体措施。     

风险理论思想下的输电线路脆弱性综合分析

运用风险理论的思想从全局和局部、结构和状态两个方面对电力系统输电线路故障后所造成的影响进行衡量。引入经济因子加权介数对网络加权冗余度进行修正,从全局角度衡量电网本身所固有的结构脆弱性;综合考虑线路故障后电网各节点电压和各支路传输功率的裕度,从局部角度对输电网线路状态脆弱性进行评估;最后综合输电线路故障后的结构脆弱性指标、状态脆弱性指标以及故障发生概率指标得到综合脆弱性指标。通过对IEEE14节点系统的仿真,运行结果验证了该方法的合理性与有效性。     

220t/h循环流化床锅炉燃烧优化调整

主要分析了总风量、床压、床温、一二次风比率和燃煤粒径等因素对循环流化床锅炉效率的影响.通过对220 t/h循环流化床锅炉燃烧调整得到的大量实验数据分析,对锅炉给入总风量、一二次风比率、燃烧温度、床压等运行参数进行了优化,等速取样飞灰的含碳量从23.09%最低降至11.75%,锅炉热效率由试验前83.86%提高到试验后的...