共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
基于一台排量1.0L的小型涡轮增压直喷汽油机,研究了压缩比、活塞形状和结构尺寸对缸内气流和湍流动能的影响。结果显示,随着压缩比的提高,缸内滚流在压缩过程中减弱,压缩末期的湍流动能减小,压缩比16.0的活塞在压缩末期的湍流动能大约为压缩比9.6活塞的27%。而对于活塞形状来说,较大尺寸的球面凹坑形状有利于压缩末期湍流动能的保持,而不规则的活塞会使得压缩末期的湍流动能下降41%。凹坑的尺寸存在一个最佳值,凹坑深度过浅或过深都会降低缸内湍流动能。选择压缩比为12.0且湍流动能最高的活塞加工并试验,基于4种不同形状的活塞和最佳油耗的工况分析燃烧特性,结果显示随着工况的改变,缸内湍流动能的峰值和相位会改变,但结构对湍流动能影响的优劣基本不变。火焰扩散方向为缸内湍流动能较大的位置,缸内平均湍流动能越大,火焰传播越快,燃烧特性越好。 相似文献
3.
对一种模型燃气轮机燃烧室中的三维反应流进行了数值模拟,模型燃烧室的燃料是CH4,燃烧类型是预混燃烧,在数值模拟过程中,采用了Spalding于1995年提出来的多流体模型来对燃烧室中的湍流预混燃烧进行了数值模拟,在数值模拟过程中考虑了辐射问题,采用了六通量辐射模型。通过数值模拟给出了速度,压力,湍流脉动动能,湍流动能耗散率,焓值,湍流粘度,温度,密度,燃烧产物质量分数,氧的质量分数,燃料/空气混合比,燃料质量分数,空间三个方向的辐射热通量以及各种流体的质量分数等变量的分布情况,此外,还采用传统的旋涡破碎模型对此燃烧室进行了数值模拟,并对两种方法的结果进行了分析比较,由分析可以看出多流体模型的结果接近于实际情况,对模型燃烧室进行三维反应流数值模拟的工作为今后对实际燃烧室反应流的数值模拟打下了一定的基础。 相似文献
4.
5.
基于分级贫油直射燃烧概念的多点喷雾燃烧室在降低航空发动机氮氧化物排放方面显示出极大的潜力,在传统航空发动机燃烧室模型的基础上构建了相邻旋流杯旋转方向相同(顺转)和相反(逆转)两种3×3旋流杯矩阵,数值计算采用可实现k-ε湍流模型,对比分析了旋流杯矩阵下游流场特性。结果表明,对于逆转旋流杯矩阵,部分旋流杯下游回流区相互靠近,而且回流区的长度与回流速度均大于顺转旋流杯矩阵情况。有利于维持火焰稳定,但燃烧情况下气流在高温环境中滞留时间增加,不利于降低氮氧化物排量。对于顺转和逆转两种旋流杯矩阵,下游回流区边缘处湍流动能最大值与湍流动能分布相似。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
柴油机湍流燃烧模型的研究现状及发展趋势 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据湍流燃烧模型研究的最新文献资料,综述了柴油机湍流燃烧模型的研究现状,重点介绍了作为当今研究热点的拟序火焰面模型(CFM)和概率密度函数模型(PDF),并指出了今后湍流燃烧模型研究的趋势。 相似文献
9.
以甲烷/空气的湍流射流非预混燃烧为对象,建立二维稳态湍流非预混火焰的小火焰模型.利用湍流流动模型和小火焰模型耦合求解,计算出速度、混合分数、温度以及反应标量的摩尔分数在燃烧室内的分布,模拟结果表明小火焰模型能够用来描述燃烧室内燃烧机理. 相似文献
10.
柴油机燃烧室不同形状对气流运动、燃烧过程以及排放具有较大影响.针对475柴油机,运用AVL-FIRE软件对3种不同开口(缩口型,直口型以及开口型)形式的ω型燃烧室建立燃烧仿真模型并进行了仿真分析.对3种形状燃烧室的平均压力、平均温度、平均湍流动能、放热率、累计放热量、平均碳烟质量分数、平均NOx质量分数等参数进行对比分析.结果表明,缩口型燃烧室能够形成较大的湍流运动,使得燃烧迅速,碳烟排放量减小,NOx的排放相比原直口型燃烧室增加量不超过10%.本研究可以为475柴油机燃烧室的设计提供理论参考. 相似文献
11.
Woody biomass in Finland and Sweden comprises mainly four wood species: spruce, pine, birch and aspen. To study the ash, which may cause problems for the combustion device, one tree of each species were cut down and prepared for comparisons with fuel samples. Well-defined samples of wood, bark and foliage were analyzed on 11 ash-forming elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, K, P, S and Cl. The ash content in the wood tissues (0.2–0.7%) was low compared to the ash content in the bark tissues (1.9–6.4%) and the foliage (2.4–7.7%). The woods’ content of ash-forming elements was consequently low; the highest contents were of Ca (410–1340 ppm) and K (200–1310), followed by Mg (70–290), Mn (15–240) and P (0–350). Present in the wood was also Si (50–190), S (50–200) and Cl (30–110). The bark tissues showed much higher element contents; Ca (4800–19,100 ppm) and K (1600–6400) were the dominating elements, followed by Mg (210–2400), P (210–1200), Mn (110–1100) and S (310–750), but the Cl contents (40–330) were only moderately higher in the bark than in the wood. The young foliage (shoots and deciduous leaves) had the highest K (7100–25,000 ppm), P (1600–5300) and S (1100–2600) contents of all tissues, while the shoots of spruce had the highest Cl contents (820–1360) and its needles the highest Si content (5000–11,300). This paper presented a new approach in fuel characterization: the method excludes the presence of impurities, and focus on different categories of plant tissues. This made it possible to discuss the contents of ash element in a wide spectrum of fuel-types, which are of large importance for the energy production in Finland and Sweden. 相似文献
12.
《热能动力工程》2014,(5)
正1 ABSTRACT To reduce the effect of global warming on our climate,the levels of CO2emissions should be reduced.One way to do this is to increase the efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels.This will in turn reduce the amount of CO2emissions for a given power output.Using US practice for efficiency calculations,then a move from a typical US plant running at 37%efficiency to a 760℃/38.5 MPa(1 400/5 580 psi)plant running at 48%efficiency would reduce CO2emissions by 170kg/MW.hr or 25%. 相似文献
13.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of the direct surface-curvature distribution blade-design method, originally proposed by Korakianitis, for the leading-edge design of turbine blades, and by extension for other types of airfoil shapes. The leading edge shape is critical in the blade design process, and it is quite difficult to completely control with inverse, semi-inverse or other direct-design methods. The blade-design method is briefly reviewed, and then the effort is concentrated on smoothly blending the leading edge shape (circle or ellipse, etc.) with the main part of the blade surface, in a manner that avoids leading-edge flow-disturbance and flow-separation regions. Specifically in the leading edge region we return to the second-order (parabolic) construction line coupled with a revised smoothing equation between the leading-edge shape and the main part of the blade. The Hodson–Dominy blade has been used as an example to show the ability of this blade-design method to remove leading-edge separation bubbles in gas turbine blades and other airfoil shapes that have very sharp changes in curvature near the leading edge. An additional gas turbine blade example has been used to illustrate the ability of this method to design leading edge shapes that avoid leading-edge separation bubbles at off-design conditions. This gas turbine blade example has inlet flow angle 0°, outlet flow angle −64.3°, and tangential lift coefficient 1.045, in a region of parameters where the leading edge shape is critical for the overall blade performance. Computed results at incidences of −10°, −5°, +5°, +10° are used to illustrate the complete removal of leading edge flow-disturbance regions, thus minimizing the possibility of leading-edge separation bubbles, while concurrently minimizing the stagnation pressure drop from inlet to outlet. These results using two difficult example cases of leading edge geometries illustrate the superiority and utility of this blade-design method when compared with other direct or inverse blade-design methods. 相似文献
14.
A chemical reactor for the steam-gasification of carbonaceous particles (e.g. coal, coke) is considered for using concentrated solar radiation as the energy source of high-temperature process heat. A two-phase reactor model that couples radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfer to the chemical kinetics is applied to optimize the reactor geometrical configuration and operational parameters (feedstock's initial particle size, feeding rates, and solar power input) for maximum reaction extent and solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of a 5 kW prototype reactor and its scale-up to 300 kW. For the 300 kW reactor, complete reaction extent is predicted for an initial feedstock particle size up to 35 μm at residence times of less than 10 s and peak temperatures of 1818 K, yielding high-quality syngas with a calorific content that has been solar-upgraded by 19% over that of the petcoke gasified. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
As part of a pilot study investigating the role of microorganisms in the immobilisation of As, Sb, B, Tl and Hg, the inorganic geochemistry of seven different active sinter deposits and their contact fluids were characterised. A comprehensive series of sequential extractions for a suite of trace elements was carried out on siliceous sinter and a mixed silica-carbonate sinter. The extractions showed whether metals were loosely exchangeable or bound to carbonate, oxide, organic or crystalline fractions. Hyperthermophilic microbial communities associated with sinters deposited from high temperature (92–94°C) fluids at a variety of geothermal sources were investigated using SEM. The rapidity and style of silicification of the hyperthermophiles can be correlated with the dissolved silica content of the fluid. Although high concentrations of Hg and Tl were found associated with the organic fraction of the sinters, there was no evidence to suggest that any of the heavy metals were associated preferentially with the hyperthermophiles at the high temperature (92–94°C) ends of the terrestrial thermal spring ecosystems studied. 相似文献
19.
The physical aspects of the activation energy, in higher and high temperatures, of the metal creep process were examined. The research results of creep-rupture in a uniaxial stress state and the criterion of creep-rupture in biaxial stress states, at two temperatures, are then presented. For these studies creep-rupture, taking case iron as an example the energy and pseudoenergy activation was determined. For complex stress states the criterion of creep-rupture was taken to be Sdobyrev's, i.e. σred = σ1 β + (1 − β)σi, where: σ1-maximal principal stress, σi-stress intensity, β-material constant (at variable temperature β = β(T)). The methods of assessment of the material ageing grade are given in percentages of ageing of new material in the following mechanical properties: 1) creep strength in uniaxial stress state, 2) activation energy in uniaxial stress state, 3) criterion creep strength in complex stress states, 4) activation pseudoenergy in complex stress states. The methods 1) and 3) are the relatively simplest because they result from experimental investigations only at nominal temperature of the structure work, however, for methods 2) and 4) it is necessary to perform the experimental investigations at least at two temperatures. 相似文献
20.
Jaime Massanet-Nicolau Alan Guwy Richard Dinsdale Giuliano Premier Sandra Esteves 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2010
Hydrogen was produced from primary sewage biosolids via mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in a continuously fed bioreactor. Prior to fermentation the sewage biosolids were heated to 70 °C for 1 h to inactivate methanogens and during fermentation a cellulose degrading enzyme was added to improve substrate availability. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18, 24, 36 and 48 h were evaluated for the duration of hydrogen production. Without sparging a hydraulic retention time of 24 h resulted in the longest period of hydrogen production (3 days), during which a hydrogen yield of 21.9 L H2 kg−1 VS added to the bioreactor was achieved. Methods of preventing the decline of hydrogen production during continuous fermentation were evaluated. Of the techniques evaluated using nitrogen gas to sparge the bioreactor contents proved to be more effective than flushing just the headspace of the bioreactor. Sparging at 0.06 L L min−1 successfully prevented a decline in hydrogen production and resulted in a yield of 27.0 L H2 kg−1 VS added, over a period of greater than 12 days or 12 HRT. The use of sparging also delayed the build up of acetic acid in the bioreactor, suggesting that it serves to inhibit homoacetogenesis and thus maintain hydrogen production. 相似文献