葡萄糖和丙氨酸的美拉德反应及其在烟草中的应用研究

为加大美拉德反应产物(MRPs)在卷烟加香中的开发和应用,以葡萄糖和丙氨酸为原料,通过单因素实验和正交试验考察了反应时间、体系初始p H、反应温度、糖氨物质的量比对MRPs的影响,并对MRPs进行GC-MS成分分析及感官评价。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:反应时间为6 h,体系初始p H 10. 0,反应温度为95℃,糖氨物质的量比为2∶1。反应产物中挥发性香味成分主要有呋喃类成分2种、呋喃酮类3种、吡喃酮类3种。感官评价结果表明,葡萄糖和丙氨酸的MRPs加入卷烟中可以降低杂气和刺激性、增加回甜感、提高烟气轻松感,最佳添加量为0. 10%。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖─大豆分离蛋白美拉德产物的制备及性质

为了制备燕麦β-葡聚糖(OG)和大豆分离蛋白(SPI)的美拉德反应产物(MRPs)并研究功能性质和结构，采用湿法美拉德反应，以接枝度和色度值为指标探究工艺参数对反应的影响；通过测定溶解性、乳化特性、起泡特性以及分析SDS-PAGE电泳、内源性荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱来表征SPI的功能性质和结构的变化。结果表明，反应时间为100 min、温度为85℃、pH为7.5、蛋白与多糖质量比为1:1.2是制备MRPs的最佳工艺条件。在此条件下反应后，SPI的溶解性最高达到93.97%、乳化活性和乳化稳定性最高为38.268 m²·g^-1和67.5 min，起泡能力和起泡稳定性提高到47.2%和86.8%，利用结构表征也可以表明SPI进行了糖基化。OG和SPI成功制备了MRPs并改善了功能性质。     

Maillard反应及其产物在烟草加香中的作用

制备了甘氨酸等18种单一氨基酸与葡萄糖进行的美拉德反应产物以及复合氨基酸粉．动物水解蛋白与葡萄糖进行的美拉德反应产物,筛选出了两组适合于烤烟加香的混合氨基酸(混合氨基酸A,混合氨基酸B),并以混合氨基酸A为例．初步研究了反应条件(pH、反应温度等)对反应产物性质(如香味特征)的影响。     

乳清蛋白-亚麻籽胶体系抗氧化产物的制备

以乳清蛋白为原料,亚麻籽胶为改性物,1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH·)自由基清除率为指标,湿热美拉德反应为改性方法,制备乳清蛋白-亚麻籽胶抗氧化产物。在单因素实验探究反应体系pH值、配比、时间及温度对乳清蛋白抗氧化活性的影响的基础上,响应面法优化分析各因素及其相互作用对乳清蛋白-亚麻籽胶抗氧化产物抗氧化活性的影响。得最佳工艺条件为:pH值10.7,m(乳清蛋白)∶m(亚麻籽胶)=2.98∶1,反应时间193.64min,反应温度为119.80℃。在此条件下,美拉德产物对DPPH·的清除率为33.48%,与未改性的乳清蛋白相比抗氧化性提高了3.36倍。经验证,此方法准确可靠,为开发乳清蛋白在食品工业中的应用以及开发新型、天然的抗氧化剂提供了参考。     

美拉德反应产物对主流烟气碱性香味成分的影响研究

为研究美拉德反应产物对主流烟气中碱性香味成分的影响,在某牌号卷烟空白叶组中添加美拉德反应产物(MRPs),采用溶剂萃取法提取吸烟机捕集的卷烟主流烟气粒相物中的香味成分,对萃取液进行碱性成分分离,建立气相色谱-选择离子监测-质谱(GC-SIM-MS)分析碱性香味成分的方法,对比分析添加MRPs前后卷烟主流烟气碱性香味成分...     

美拉德反应产物的抗氧化性及在烟草中应用研究进展

美拉德反应是烟草中一类重要的致香反应,美拉德反应的产物在卷烟工业中有着重要的应用。为进一步推动美拉德反应产物在烟草中的应用研究,对此类反应的机理和影响因素、其反应产物的抗氧化活性及测定方法进行了综述,在此基础上对美拉德反应及其产物在烟草中的进一步利用进行了展望,提出美拉德反应产物在消除卷烟主流烟气自由基方面存在较好的应用前景。     

美拉德反应制备咖啡风味香精的研究

以自制蛋白水解液、葡萄糖、氨基酸、咖啡豆粉为原料组成的美拉德反应体系,经过控制体系的温度和pH值,发生美拉德反应制备咖啡风味液体香精,采用单因素实验和正交实验对美拉德反应的条件进行优化,确定了反应的最佳条件为:蛋白水解液(自制)400g,葡萄糖200g,咖啡豆粉50g,L-半胱氨酸5g,L-精氨酸10g,L-赖氨酸10g,L-天冬氨酸5g,反应初始pH为6.5,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为150min。     

松香酯O-烷基化改性增强木质素胺表面活性

以碱木质素为原料,通过与二乙烯三胺和甲醛的Mannich反应得到了木质素胺,再通过和松香与环氧氯丙烷的酯化产物(3-松香酰氧-2-羟丙基氯,简称为松香酯)的O-烷基化反应引入亲油性的松香酯基团,合成了松香改性木质素胺表面活性剂,并通过红外、紫外、表面张力仪对目标产物的结构和性能进行了测定。结果表明,合成松香酯的适宜条件为n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(松香)=1.5∶1.0、反应温度100℃、反应时间6 h。在该条件下,松香的酯化率为95.6%。按n(木质素胺)∶n(松香酯)=4∶1合成的目标产物在pH=2的稀盐酸中,当其质量浓度为10 g/L时,表面张力为33.2 mN/m,当其质量浓度为5 g/L时,甲苯乳液分层时间为73 min;而同样条件下木质素胺的表面张力为48.5 mN/m,甲苯乳液分层时间为43 min,引入松香酯基团可以增强木质素胺表面活性。     

紫花苜蓿叶蛋白-木糖体系抗氧化产物的制备及抗氧化活性的研究

以紫花苜蓿叶蛋白为原料、木糖为改性物,以总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)清除率和OH·清除率为指标,湿热美拉德反应为改性方法,研究了m(紫花苜蓿叶蛋白)∶m(木糖)比、pH、时间和温度对改性的紫花苜蓿叶蛋白抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,在pH=9,m(紫花苜蓿叶蛋白)∶m(木糖)为1∶3、反应温度80℃、反应时间30 min时,紫花苜蓿叶蛋白-木糖体系抗氧化产物的抗氧化活性最显著,在此条件下制备出的紫花苜蓿叶蛋白-木糖体系抗氧化产物的总还原能力为1.25,DPPH·清除率为47.55%,OH·清除率为20.49%。     

丹皮总黄酮的提取及抗氧化活性研究

以丹皮为原料提取丹皮总黄酮,并测得其在丹皮中的含量为1.6304%。以常用的化学合成抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)为对照,通过4种方法评价了丹皮总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,在相同浓度条件下,丹皮总黄酮对羟基自由基(·OH)清除率对DPPH自由基(·DPPH)清除率对超氧阴离子自由基(·O-2)清除率对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化的抑制率;丹皮总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化能力,其抗氧化活性略低于或等于TBHQ的抗氧化活性,远远大于BHT的抗氧化活性,在较低浓度下即具有对多种氧化反应的抑制作用。表明,丹皮总黄酮是一种很有发展前景的天然抗氧化剂。     

Alginate/gelatin crosslinked system through Maillard reaction: preparation,characterization and biological properties

Maillard reaction (MR) was studied in aqueous model systems containing gelatin and sodium alginate, which were heat treated for different pH (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) at three temperatures (70, 80 and 90 °C). Some indicators were used to evaluate this reaction:degree of crosslinking, release of gelatin, free amino groups and browning intensities. The results indicated that alginate/gelatin crosslinked by MR showed an increase of degree of crosslinking as the pH and temperatures were increasing while release of gelatin decreased. Furthermore, samples prepared at a high temperature exhibited stronger browning intensity owing to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The obtained materials were analyzed by FTIR and XRD. The antioxidant ability by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and power reducing, as well as the anti-inflammatory activity were investigated.     

pH对L-抗坏血酸与L-脯氨酸/L-丙氨酸Maillard反应产物抗氧化活性的影响

在L-抗坏血酸-L-脯氨酸/L-丙氨酸模型体系中研究了pH对Maillard反应产物的抗氧化活性的影响。Maillard反应产物通过控制不同初始pH(pH=4、5、6、7、8)于140℃加热搅拌2h的条件下制备,并以还原力、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基偕腙肼自由基(DPPH)清除能力和Fe2+螯合能力为指标对其产物抗氧化活性进行分析评价。结果表明,产物的还原力、DPPH自由基清除能力在pH=5时达到最大,Fe2+螯合能力随着pH的增大而增大,而且Maillard反应产物的还原力与在294nm处的紫外吸光度密切相关。     

Transport of free and peptide-bound glycated amino acids: synthesis, transepithelial flux at Caco-2 cell monolayers, and interaction with apical membrane transport proteins

In glycation reactions, the side chains of protein-bound nucleophilic amino acids such as lysine and arginine are post-translationally modified to a variety of derivatives also known as Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Considerable amounts of MRPs are taken up in food. Here we have studied the interactions of free and dipeptide-bound MRPs with intestinal transport systems. Free and dipeptide-bound derivatives of N(6)-(1-fructosyl)lysine (FL), N(6)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), formyline, argpyrimidine, and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) were synthesized. The inhibition of L-[(3)H]lysine and [(14) C]glycylsarcosine uptakes was measured in Caco-2 cells which express the H(+)/peptide transporter PEPT1 and lysine transport system(s). Glycated amino acids always displayed lower affinities than their unmodified analogues towards the L-[(3)H]lysine transporter(s). In contrast, all glycated dipeptides except Ala-FL were medium- to high-affinity inhibitors of [(14)C]Gly-Sar uptake. The transepithelial flux of the derivatives across Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined. Free amino acids and intact peptides derived from CML and CEL were translocated to very small extents. Application of peptide-bound MRPs, however, led to elevation (up to 80-fold) of the net flux and intracellular accumulation of glycated amino acids, which were hydrolyzed from the dipeptides inside the cells. We conclude 1) that free MRPs are not substrates for the intestinal lysine transporter(s), and 2) that dietary MRPs are absorbed into intestinal cells in the form of dipeptides, most likely by the peptide transporter PEPT1. After hydrolysis, hydrophobic glycated amino acids such as pyrraline, formyline, maltosine, and argpyrimidine undergo basolateral efflux, most likely by simple diffusion down their concentration gradients.     

天然鸡肉香精的制备与评价

根据Maillard反应原理 ,通过正交实验对天然鸡肉味香精的制备进行了研究 ,遵循以下反应条件可以得到较满意的结果 :m(氨基酸 )∶m(葡萄糖 ) =4∶1 ,m(甘氨酸 )∶m(丙氨酸 ) =1∶2 ,热反应温度 1 30℃ ,热反应时间 40min ,含水量w(H2 O) =40 % ,鸡肉蛋白使用Flavorzyme酶水解。并且对评价方法作了简单介绍。     

用工业品甲基叔丁基醚合成TBHQ的研究

研究了以工业品甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）和对苯二酚（HQ）为原料,在硫酸催化下,合成食品抗氧剂TBHQ的工艺参数。对催化剂的活性、原料的配比和反应时间等进行了优化考察。当对苯二酚∶甲基叔丁基醚∶硫酸=1∶1∶0.5（mol）,反应温度为115℃,反应时间3 h,TBHQ的收率达77.65%。与传统方法相比,该方法具有价廉、操作简单的特点,具有较高的开发、应用价值。     

Application of Caseinate Modified with Maillard Reaction for Improving Physicochemical Properties of High Load Flaxseed Oil Microcapsules

High-load flaxseed oil microcapsule is prepared with the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) of sodium caseinate and isomaltooligosaccharide as wall material. It is found that the emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index of MRPs are increased by 31.32% and 34.11% respectively at the appropriate degree of graft (26.30%) compared with the mixture of sodium caseinate and isomaltooligosaccharide. Smaller droplet size and lower polydispersity index can be achieved in the flaxseed oil emulsions coated by MRPs, due to the change of sodium caseinate molecular weight and spatial structure. The microencapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules coated by MRPs is highly improved up to 98.22% at oil load of 58.43%, compared with the control group. Furthermore, MRPs as coating material can protect flaxseed oil against lipid oxidation at 50 °C for 4 weeks. More importantly, the smooth, round, and compact external surface structures of microcapsule powder support its physical necessity for industrial usage. Due to its high microencapsulation efficiency and good oxidation stability, MRPs formed with sodium caseinate and isomaltooligosaccharide show great application potential in preparing high load oil microcapsule. Practical Applications : Findings in this research could be utilized for developing microencapsulation loaded with higher concentration of flaxseed oil, a rich source of α-linoleic acid and lignans. Application of MRPs (Maillard reaction products) formed through interaction between sodium caseinate and isomaltooligosaccharide by heating improved both its physicochemical properties and oxidative stability. It is a novel approach for developing microcapsule with higher percentages of oils with better oxidative stability.     

叔丁基对苯二酚合成条件的研究

叔丁基对苯二酚是一种应用广泛的食品添加剂,以对苯二酚和叔丁醇为原料,磷酸为催化剂,研究了影响TBHQ的合成条件,希望找到一个合成转化率高的最佳反应条件。实验表明在110℃、二甲苯溶剂中用70%的酸催化时反应效果最好,同时相应的稀释叔丁醇的浓度反应效果更佳。     

N-(歧化松香基)丙烯酰胺聚合物的合成研究

以歧化松香胺、丙烯酸为原料,在催化剂五氧化二磷的作用下先合成N-(歧化松香基)丙烯酰胺;然后在催化剂三氯化铝的作用下催化聚合得到N-(歧化松香基)丙烯酰胺聚合物,通过紫外及红外光谱分析其结构,测定了N-(歧化松香基)丙烯酰胺聚合物的溶解度、分子量、微孔结构及热稳定性,并讨论了制备N-(歧化松香基)丙烯酰胺、N-(歧化松香基)丙烯酰胺聚合物的合成条件.