硫酸法与离子液体法C_4烷基化工艺进展

介绍了硫酸法烷基化和离子液体法烷基化等液体酸烷基化工艺的现状与研究进展。硫酸烷基化工艺的主要进展在于强化低温下硫酸与C_4烃类在反应器内的传质过程以及烷基化反应热的及时取走,使得烷基化油的收率和辛烷值有所提高,废酸减少,避免了产品分离过程设备与管线的腐蚀。离子液体烷基化工艺的研发主要在于开发高选择性及高产率的离子液体催化剂。离子液体对设备腐蚀小,对环境危害小,但是三甲基戊烷选择性和产率略低。短期内,低温硫酸法烷基化工艺是炼油厂的首选。不远的将来,离子液体法烷基化将得到广泛的应用。     

硫酸法与离子液体法C_4烷基化工艺进展

介绍了硫酸法烷基化和离子液体法烷基化等液体酸烷基化工艺的现状与研究进展。硫酸烷基化工艺的主要进展在于强化低温下硫酸与C_4烃类在反应器内的传质过程以及烷基化反应热的及时取走,使得烷基化油的收率和辛烷值有所提高,废酸减少,避免了产品分离过程设备与管线的腐蚀。离子液体烷基化工艺的研发主要在于开发高选择性及高产率的离子液体催化剂。离子液体对设备腐蚀小,对环境危害小,但是三甲基戊烷选择性和产率略低。短期内,低温硫酸法烷基化工艺是炼油厂的首选。不远的将来,离子液体法烷基化将得到广泛的应用。     

酸催化合成烷基化油的研究进展

综述了分别以硫酸、氢氟酸等无机酸、固体酸和离子液体为催化剂合成烷基化油的最新研究进展,并对这些催化剂的结构和酸性能对烷基化油的组成和性质的影响规律进行了分析和评述。指出离子液体作为绿色催化剂用于烷基化油的合成表现出易与产物分离、催化活性高、烷基化产物中C8组分含量高、辛烷值高等突出优点,是较有应用前景的烷基化油合成用催化剂。     

异丁烷丁烯烷基化工艺技术应用进展

介绍了氢氟酸烷基化、硫酸烷基化、离子液体烷基化、固体酸烷基化等异丁烷丁烯烷基化技术特点以及工业应用情况。分析指出尽管硫酸烷基化工艺存在废酸处理、设备腐蚀等问题,但就安全性和易操作性而言硫酸烷基化技术仍是现阶段生产烷基化油技术路线中最好的选择。复合离子液体在异丁烷丁烯烷基化反应中显示出比硫酸和氢氟酸更高的催化活性,是另一个可供选择的生产高质量烷基化油的技术路线。异丁烷丁烯固体酸烷基化技术相比于其他液体烷基化工艺从本质上实现了安全、环保,是未来异丁烷丁烯烷基化技术的发展方向。     

异丁烷丁烯烷基化工艺技术应用进展

介绍了氢氟酸烷基化、硫酸烷基化、离子液体烷基化、固体酸烷基化等异丁烷丁烯烷基化技术特点以及工业应用情况。分析指出尽管硫酸烷基化工艺存在废酸处理、设备腐蚀等问题,但就安全性和易操作性而言硫酸烷基化技术仍是现阶段生产烷基化油技术路线中最好的选择。复合离子液体在异丁烷丁烯烷基化反应中显示出比硫酸和氢氟酸更高的催化活性,是另一个可供选择的生产高质量烷基化油的技术路线。异丁烷丁烯固体酸烷基化技术相比于其他液体烷基化工艺从本质上实现了安全、环保,是未来异丁烷丁烯烷基化技术的发展方向。     

烷基化技术进展

中国油品清洁升级加快的步伐,必将推动我国烷基化产业的发展。本文介绍了硫酸烷基化、氢氟酸烷基化、固体酸烷基化和离子液体烷基化技术的研究现状。着重介绍了我国引入最多的硫酸烷基化技术和氢氟酸烷基化技术的工艺特点和工艺改进。简述了固体酸烷基化和离子烷基化技术的现状。概述了我国目前烷基化装置的现状,指出了我国烷基化油市场既面临着机遇,也面临着两大挑战。     

烷基化技术前景及进展

烷基化油是一种具有低蒸汽压、不含烯烃及芳烃等有害杂质的理想汽油高辛烷值调和组分,随着汽油质量标准不断升级,以及环保要求日益严格,烷基化油在汽油池中的重要意义也日益突出。本文介绍了烷基化油在汽油质量升级中的重要作用,介绍了传统的氢氟酸法烷基化和硫酸法烷基化的技术特点及工业现状,以及固体酸烷基化和离子液体烷基化等新型烷基化技术的研究现状及工业化进展,并对烷基化技术的未来发展方向做出展望。     

烷基化生产技术

介绍烷基化技术现状及发展趋势。目前直接法液体酸烷基化工艺占工业生产主流,但是各种液体酸烷基化工艺都存在腐蚀设备、产生大量酸渣污染环境,尤其氢氟酸催化剂甚至有挥发性和毒性,而固体酸和离子液体烷基化工艺成为绿色工艺路线的代表,但是其催化剂失活与再生是该工艺路线发展的瓶颈。     

硫酸法烷基化工艺进展

简介了烷基化工艺的发展概况。综述了固体酸和液体酸烷基化工艺最新进展,固体酸烷基化工艺由于催化剂失活快,目前仍处在中试实验阶段。液体酸烷基化工艺是目前广泛采用的工艺。氢氟酸法烷基化工艺采用氢氟酸为催化剂,由于氢氟酸的危害性,该工艺的发展受到了阻碍。硫酸法烷基化工艺操作相对安全,该工艺更具竞争力。文章详细介绍了硫酸法烷基化工艺的发展及最新工艺进展,着重介绍了Lummus硫酸法烷基化工艺的特点。     

烷基化技术进展

为减少汽车尾气对环境的污染,环保法日益严格,各国对清洁能源的需求更加迫切,清洁燃料的生产成了炼油厂的重中之重,因烷基化油具有良好的性能使其得到很大重视,烷基化技术也因此得到了很大程度的开发。烷基化油是一种具有低蒸汽压、不含烯烃及芳烃等有害杂质的理想汽油高辛烷值调和组分。目前,烷基化技术包括液体酸烷基化法及固体酸烷基化法。其中,液体酸烷基化法又分为氢氟酸法、硫酸法、离子液体法等。介绍了Stratco、Exxon Mobil、UOP、Phillips、Kellogg等世界几大公司的烷基化技术;同时对国内采用上述部分技术投建的装置情况也做了简单介绍;分析概括了一些新型烷基化技术的利用和发展情况;强调了固体酸烷基化技术的优势;最后对中国石油的发展提出了建议。     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

草酸作助剂磷钨酸催化H2O2氧化环己醇合成己二酸

在无有机溶剂、无相转移催化剂条件下,以草酸作助剂,采用磷钨酸催化过氧化氢氧化环己醇的方法来制备己二酸。考察了磷钨酸用量、反应时间、反应温度、过氧化氢用量及草酸用量对己二酸的分离产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,即环己醇10.51 mL、磷钨酸0.6 mmol/L、草酸1.0 mmol/L,H2O2(30%)70 mL,温度85℃、时间8 h,己二酸的最大分离产率为77.83%,纯度为99.9%。