规范海上石油平台(船舶)通信设备配置的原则和方法

中国海洋石油总公司(简称中海油)是我国第三大石油公司,负责在我国海域对外合作开采海洋石油及天然气资源,是我国最大的海上油气生产商.目前,仅在渤海区域,中海油就有几十个海上采油平台,上百艘三用工作船及移动平台.因此,如何建立和保障这些平台(船舶)的正常通信,不仅有利于保障海上石油勘探开发的正常进行,更是海洋石油事业获得跨跃式发展的基础保证.     

爱立信助力节能减排——构建高能效网络 引领绿色创新

进入＂十二五＂,节能减排和低碳经济也来到新阶段。根据＂十二五＂规划纲要,＂十二五＂期间,单位GD（国内生产总值）能耗和二氧化碳排放要分别降低16%和17%。这意味着,节能减排不能再停留在简单粗放和各自为战的状态,需要站在更加全面的层次推动节能减排整体战役,并且建立可量化的监测措施。     

基于STM32的便携式二氧化碳监测仪设计

针对二氧化碳地质储存地区环境中CO2浓度监测,基于STM32F103RE微控制器,设计了一款便携式二氧化碳监测仪,在RS232协议下,实现微控制器与传感器、液晶显示模块、U盘存储模块的数据通讯,系统中选用三个红外吸收型二氧化碳传感器,由继电器控制电路切换三个通道,实现分档采集数据,最后利用监测仪进行了室内CO2气体浓度测试实验,实验结果证明三个数据采集通道工作正常。     

VSAT卫星通信系统在海洋中的应用研究

自从进入21世纪以来,互联网高速发展,伴随着科技发展,卫星通信系统技术已趋于成熟并广泛应用于我国海洋中的船舶及钻采平台。本文通过对卫星通信系统的原理研究,分析了几种类型卫星通信系统在海洋船舶、平台上的应用业务解决方案。     

交通运输

运输决定我们的文明。我们生活工作的地方，城市的结构，全球贸易流，所有都由运输技术塑造。但现代运输不能再继续依赖化石燃料。客运飞机、火车、汽车在2005年排放了近40亿吨的二氧化碳，约占当年全球二氧化碳排放量的14％。如果我们继续几乎完全依赖石油驱动汽车，它们将在2050年排放110到180亿吨的二氧化碳。这是因为那些住着全球82％的人口、并将为未来数年98％的全球人口增长负责的发展中国家正面临着全民汽车化。     

钻井平台拖航及船舶动态监控系统

随着海洋石油开发事业的兴起,海上钻井平台的拖航业务迅速发展,拖航作业受到越来越多的关注与重视。为提高船舶调动效率并达到安全拖航的目的,本文针对钻井平台拖航及船舶动态监控系统的组成及工作原理进行了详细论述,对各个功能单元的实现提出了合理方案。通过该系统的应用,海上钻井平台及船舶的现代化管理水平大大提高,对相关行业具有一定参考价值。     

船舶动态应急管理信息系统的研究与设计

阐述了开发基于AIS的船舶动态应急管理信息系统的必要性,以用户需求为依据设计了该系统的拓扑结构和功能结构,详细论述了AIS、数据传输、实时数据采集等关键技术。该系统为海洋石油作业提供了一个船舶监控和安全生产的综合信息平台。     

绝不步沃尔玛后尘

哥本哈根气候变化大会的许多参会者都意识到，全球范围的灭碳战争并没有使大气变好。根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局数据，在未来1000年，空气和管道中的二氧化碳将不可逆转地加剧全球变暖。     

一种比现有方法更有效的新的海上二氧化碳测量技术

据www.thaindian.com网站报道,英国南安普顿国家海洋中心(NOCS)和挪威皮叶克尼斯气候研究中心(BCCR)的科学家们已经开发出一种比现有方法更有效的新的海上二氧化碳测量方法。红外气体传感器是基于二氧化碳的特征吸收光谱来对其     

海洋压裂作业信息集成辅助决策研究

油气井压裂作业是提高产量的重要途径,海洋油气井压裂作业工序复杂、操作困难,相关技术我国处于研制攻坚阶段。海洋压裂作业过程中压裂系统和船舶平台相互耦合、相互制约,使得海洋压裂作业变得异常困难。针对海洋压裂作业的动态关联问题,为海洋油气压裂作业系统提出了一套辅助决策系统设计方案。根据海洋压裂作业专家知识构建海洋压裂作业专家知识库,采用实时监控系统对压裂系统及船舶系统的状态信息进行实时采集和监控,并对系统的状态数据进行特征提取处理,将提取后的特征信息输入到压裂辅助决策知识库中进行决策推理分析,输出最佳的辅助决策方案,指导操作人员进行压裂作业的进行。     

Highly Stable Nanoporous Sulfur‐Bridged Covalent Organic Polymers for Carbon Dioxide Removal

Carbon dioxide capture and separation requires robust solids that can stand harsh environments where a hot mixture of gases is often found. Herein, the first and comprehensive syntheses of porous sulfur‐bridged covalent organic polymers (COPs) and their application for carbon dioxide capture in warm conditions and a wide range of pressures (0–200 bar) are reported. These COPs can store up to 3294 mg g^?1 of carbon dioxide at 318 K and 200 bar while being highly stable against heating up to 400 °C. The carbon dioxide capacity of the COPs is also not hindered upon boiling in water for at least one week. Physisorptive binding is prevalent with isosteric heat of adsorptions around 24 kJ mol^?1. M06–2X and RIMP2 calculations yield the same relative trend of binding energies, where, interestingly, the dimer of triazine and benzene play a cooperative role for a stronger binding of CO₂ (19.2 kJ mol^?1) as compared to a separate binding with triazine (13.3 kJ mol^?1) or benzene (11.8 kJ mol^?1).     

微波-炭还原法处理二氧化硫(SO_2)的研究

本文报道一种不用催化剂采用微波－炭还原技术处理二氧化硫（SO2）的新方法。讨论了气体流量、反应器温度、微波功率和施加微波时间对二氧化硫和活性炭发生还原反应的影响。比较了连续施加微波和间歇施加微波两种方式下二氧化硫与活性炭发生化学反应转化为无公害的二氧化碳（CO2）气体和单质硫（S）的效率。研究结果表明，微波功率和反应器的类型及升温速率对二氧化硫的去除率影响较大。在连续施加微波时，二氧化硫的去除率可达95％以上，此外还对二氧化硫与活性炭反应后的产物进行了表征。     

Impurities in hydride gases part 2: Investigation of trace CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in the liquid and vapor phases of ultra-pure ammonia

Ammonia (NH₃) as a precursor for epitaxial nitride films is required to be free of trace oxygenated impurities, such as CO₂, that have been shown to negatively affect growth processes and device performance. Carbon dioxide can react reversibly with the NH₃ gas to form ammonium carbamate, NH₄COONH₂ (a solid with low solubility in liquid NH₃) and, therefore, can be present in cylinder sources both in the free and chemically bound form. A gas chromatograph (GC)-based method has been developed to accurately quantify the total CO₂ content in both vapor- and liquid-phase NH₃ streams. A heated GC-sampling manifold is used to thermally decompose any NH₄COONH₂ present in the sample or calibration standard so that all CO₂ is analyzed in its free form. Several commercial cylinder sources maintained at room temperature were analyzed by this method, and in all cases, equilibrium concentrations of <75 parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv) CO₂ were present in the gas phase as long as residual liquid was present. Slightly higher concentrations were found in the liquid phase, and upon exhaustion of the liquid phase and heating, CO₂ levels strongly increased to parts-per-million by volume (ppmv) levels. The excess CO₂ is likely adsorbed on the cylinder walls or dispersed in the liquid as solid NH₄COONH₂. These results are consistent with thermodynamic calculations based on equilibrium data for the carbamate system available in the literature. To meet the purity requirements of organo-metallic vapor-phase epitaxy processes, the performance of an adsorbent-based purifier that is capable of removing residual CO₂ in both free and chemically bound forms from NH₃ streams is discussed.     

基于非分散红外法的二氧化碳浓度检测综述

二氧化碳(CO₂)是温室气体的重要组分之一,实时检测其浓度变化对缓解温室效应等方面具有非常重要的意义。非分散红外(Non-dispersion infrared, NDIR)法具有稳定性好、响应速度快、测量范围宽等优点,广泛应用于便携式气体检测等领域。首先分析了NDIR法应用在CO₂检测领域的优点,并对NDIR检测原理进行了简单的概述。然后对NDIR气体分析仪的基本结构进行了详细阐述,并对测量系统的经典气体标定方法进行了综述。最后综合分析了NDIR的特点,并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

Design considerations for a larger inmarsat standard ship earth station

A new standard of INMARSAT ship earth station for multi-channel operation could find particular application on large passenger ships and off-shore oil/gas platforms. This paper provides estimates of platform and ship motions and discusses general design requirements, notably of the antenna system. The discussion includes consideration of possible modulation and multiple access techniques. Single channel per carrier (SCPC) operation is advocated which permits easy integration with the present service to single channel INMARSAT Standard-A ship earth stations. Major parameter/relative cost trade-off curves needed in an overall ship earth station design optimization are presented.     

面向海工装备智能化的海洋异构物联网架构

海洋工程装备正向智能化、信息化方向发展,对海洋工程装备、海上作业平台的状态安全监控及环境监测技术提出了更高的要求。提出了一种面向海工装备智能化的海洋异构物联网架构,基于水声通信、海上无线通信及智能网关和云平台实现海上作业装备及平台的远程监控与在线监测。介绍了网络架构的主要模块、关键技术及主要挑战。该网络架构可为基于物联网实现海工设备的远程诊断,最终实现全方位智能化提供借鉴与参考。     

A Framework Nucleic Acid Based Robotic Nanobee for Active Targeting Therapy

DNA nanotechnology has provided new strategies and platforms for cargo delivery. However, DNA-based nanostructures utilized for cargo delivery have mainly focused on static structures and passive targeting. Here, inspired by honeybee's natural reaction to hazards, a melittin loaded tetrahedron framework nucleic acid (tFNA) nanostructure, for active targeting therapy as a “nanobee” is developed. Upon exposure to target proteins on the cell membrane, the tFNA exoskeleton goes through conformation change, leading to the selective release of melittin from the exoskeleton and the consequent selective lethal effect. As a result, the active targeting of the nanobee to tumor cells is achieved. At the same concentrations of melittin, the nanobee exhibits significantly higher and more selective cytotoxicity against target cells than free melittin molecules, whereas the inactive nanobee shows neglectable lethal effect. Notably, the complete encapsulation of melittin in the tFNA exoskeleton is confirmed by the combination of experimental screening and molecular dynamic analysis, which is proposed to be the origin of the minimized off-target effects of nanobee. This nanobee concept offers a strategy that may be extended to various dynamic stimuli-responsive cargo delivery systems, to enhance cargo stability and decrease severe off-target effects.     

船载太阳光度计图像跟踪系统

传统太阳光度计在海上移动平台上不能精准跟踪太阳。为了解决船舶在移动过程当中实现对太阳高精度跟踪的问题,利用鱼眼镜头、陀螺稳定平台、小视场CCD图像传感器等构建了船载型太阳光度计的图像跟踪系统。文中详细地描述了图像跟踪系统的整体结构和单臂探头的光路设计,介绍了时钟法与鱼眼成像系统相结合的方式在全天空大视场范围下进行太阳的粗跟踪,然后通过小视场的CCD图像处理技术来提高跟踪精度。此外,给出了系统的软件跟踪算法和流程,分析了系统跟踪的可靠性。该系统实现了在海上移动平台下的全自动跟踪测量,综合跟踪精度优于1′。与日本POM-01MKⅢ船用太阳光度计进行透过率与水汽的数据对比表明:在940 nm波段的大气透过率最大相对误差不超过7.6%,水汽含量最大相对误差不超过6.1%。该系统可以应用于船载太阳光度计测量海上整层大气透过率以及水汽数据,也可应用于其他对移动非稳定平台下太阳的跟踪。     

基于Jetson TX2的SAR船只目标检测实现

深度学习技术在SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar)船只目标检测领域应用越来越广泛.然而,移动平台(机载/星载)有限的资源限制了基于深度学习的SAR船只目标检测技术应用.为了促进深度学习技术在移动平台的应用,本文开展了基于改进YOLOv2的SAR目标检测算法Jetson TX2嵌入式平台实现研究....