浅谈如何提高建设工程投标获胜的概率

工程项目投标获胜不仅取决于各投标人的实力，也取决于投标策略与投标技巧是否运用得当。投标人只有在工程投标的实际过程中积累经验，灵活运用投标策略与投标技巧方能提高投标获胜的概率。     

国际工程投标工作的体会

在全球经济一体化的背景条件下，国际工程承包市场竞争日趋激烈，而做好国外项目投标工作，是赢得国际工程合同的关键。本文介绍了笔者参与国外矿山项目投标工作的体会并提出了做好投标工作的建议。     

工程投标中的风险控制

在招投标过程中如何更加科学合理地对工程进行评价，管理，降低风险，对于招标，投标双方相关人员来说都是一个长谈长新的课题，本文重点讨论投标方如何利用概预算知识的增加中标概率的同时加强风险控制。     

谈企业如何在投标中提高中标率

要提高投标中的中标率就要及时、准确地掌握招标信息，并对这些信息进行分析后有组织地开展工作。同时要重视标书的制作。     

浅谈投标施工方案的编制

本文分析了投标施工方案的特点；叙述了投标施工方案包括的内容和编制要点．以及笔者的编制体会。     

建设工程投标报价的编制

中标是赢得工程项目的前提，合理的报价是中标的保证。投标单位只有采取切实可行的投标策略及方法，做好投标报价的编制，方可在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出。     

关于建筑工程投标报价的思考

招投标制度在建筑工程选择最优施工单位中有着十分重要的地位.而施工企业在投标报价中如何准确判断自身条件和分析工程情况,用正当竞标手段获得工程项目,对于维护建筑工程市场健康发展起着关键的作用.本文就投标报价的相关问题进行了分析.     

A review of methods used for medical quality assurance in hospitals: advantages and disadvantages

This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of medical quality assurance methods commonly used in hospitals. A computer-based literature search up to April 1993 was done using the terms quality assurance, quality control, audit, utilization review, accreditation, occurrence screening and total quality management. In addition, a manual search was undertaken of references of papers obtained by the computer search and of the contents of the following journals: Quality Review Bulletin, Australian Clinical Review and the British Medical Journal. An assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of 15 quality assurance methods used in hospitals was made. Many quality assurance methods used in hospitals have significant disadvantages. A systematic method that provides meaningful and useful information to clinicians and improves patient care is urgently required. New methods such as occurrence screening and total quality management are slowly emerging and have much potential.     

The advantages and disadvantages of self-help therapy materials.

Self-help therapy books, cassettes, and other materials are often antiscientific and shoddy, but they also frequently have several solid advantages, help some people to make profound personality changes (with and without regular therapy), and may well effectively influence many more people in the US (and even more so throughout the world) than do professional psychotherapists. It would be preferable if self-help materials were pretested and posttested in a manner similiar to that of researching the reliability and validity of psychological tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The advantages and disadvantages of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus method

Until recently, chimpanzees were considered susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but refractory to disease induction based on the asymptomatic status of all experimentally infected chimpanzees after over 10 years postinfection (PI). However, a decline in peripheral CD4+ T cells was noted in one chimpanzee (C499) of the Yerkes cohort of HIV-1 infected apes, after 11 years PI concurrent with increasing plasma viral load. These clinical signs were followed by the occurrence of opportunistic infections, thrombocytopenia, and progressive anemia leading to euthanasia. A second chimpanzee (C455) was transfused with blood from C499 collected during the symptomatic stage. Shortly thereafter, this second animal showed a rapid decline in peripheral CD4+ T-cell levels and sustained high viral load. Hematological analyses showed a 50% decrease in CFU-GM for both apes during the symptomatic phase and a reduction of 40% and 73% of the total CFU despite normal levels of CD34+ cells in the bone marrow. Cryopreserved sequential PBMC samples from these two chimpanzees were analyzed for constitutive and PHA-P induced levels of cytokines and chemokines. Data show that whereas there were no detectable constitutive levels of mRNA coding for IL-2, 4, and 10, there appears to be a transient increase in IFN-gamma message level coincident with increased viremia and this IFN-gamma synthesis decreased with disease progression. PHA-induced cytokine mRNA analysis showed low or undetectable levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in all samples and a marked decrease in the levels of IL-2 shortly after HIV infection. In addition, there was also a gradual decrease in IFN-gamma mRNA with progression of disease. Of interest were the findings of high to normal levels of PHA-induced synthesis of the chemokines MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES in samples during the asymptomatic and early symptomatic period, which also dramatically decreased at late stages of the disease. These data suggest important roles for IL-2, IFN-gamma, and the chemokines in the regulation of immune responses in HIV-1-infected chimpanzees.     

Combination therapy: advantages and disadvantages of first-line fixed dose therapy

Phytotherapy is a medicinal and ancestral practice in Africa. It deals with all the fields of human pathology. We wanted to ascertain the efficacy of some plants used in odontology as Euphorbia balsamifera traditionally used as antalgic treatment of acute dental pulpitis. The latex of the plant was caught and treated as to get enough stable paste. We used that paste in the same conditions we use arsenical nerve caustics, a pulpal devitalizer widely used in dental offices. The study carried out on 37 teeth has shown that latex of Euphorbia balsamifera is an effective pulpal devitalizing in contact with the pulp. Its lifetime action was comparable to that of the pulpal nerve caustics. The active principles are not known, however the product seems attractive as a pulpal devitalizing agent.     

实践与思考--建筑方案投标之我见

本文通过自身参加建筑设计投标、竞标的实例,从隽思、慎为、谨表三个方面阐述了自己的观点     

浅谈基本建设工程施工招标评标办法

介绍近年来我国基本建设工程常用的几种评标办法,重点论述了综合定量评价法中报价分值的确定方法——“A B”值评标法在实际招标工作中的优、缺点,并结合实例提出了一些改进设想。     

采用重油和煤气进行铝用阳极焙烧的利与弊

本介绍了贵州铝厂碳素厂使用重油和煤气作为铝用阳极焙烧燃料的经验，对使用重油和煤气作为铝用阳极焙烧燃料在焙烧温度控制，焙烧质量，能源消耗，安全环保等方面的利弊进行了比较。