自密实轻骨料混凝土的高温性能

为了保证自密实轻骨料混凝土(Self-compacting lightweight concrete,SCLC)在实际工程中的安全运用,本文分别对强度为C40和C50的自密实轻骨料混凝土试件进行了高温爆裂试验。通过测定混凝土试验前后的质量、超声波速、抗压强度和抗折强度,研究了自密实轻骨料混凝土的高温性能,并和同强度的普通混凝土、轻骨料混凝土和自密实混凝土的高温性能进行了对比。结果表明,自密实轻骨料混凝土比普通混凝土易爆裂,质量损失较大,但是高温后的超声波速和残余强度损失均小于普通混凝土。     

自密实轻骨料混凝土压-剪复合受力力学性能

为探究自密实轻骨料混凝土压-剪复合受力力学性能,应用液压伺服机和材料压-剪试验机,对自密实轻骨料混凝土进行单轴受压、单轴劈裂抗拉和压-剪复合受力试验研究,通过试验得到不同加载工况下自密实轻骨料混凝土破坏形态和力-变形曲线,引用文献对普通混凝土和轻骨料混凝土压-剪复合受力研究数据,对比分析自密实轻骨料混凝土压-剪复合受力性能。研究结果表明:自密实轻骨料混凝土压-剪复合受力破坏形态与普通混凝土和轻骨料混凝土相类似,随着轴压比的提高,剪切破坏断面摩擦痕迹逐步明显,混凝土碎渣也逐步提高,自密实轻骨料混凝土剪切破坏强度、残余荷载和剪切破坏位移也随之提高;剪切破坏强度提高幅度高于普通混凝土和轻骨料混凝土,残余荷载受轴压比影响提高幅度高于普通混凝土,但略低于轻骨料混凝土。基于主应力空间结合普通混凝土和轻骨料混凝土压-剪试验数据,提出混凝土压-剪复合受力统一破坏准则,同时基于八面体应力空间,提出自密实轻骨料混凝土破坏准则,所提出的破坏准则具有良好的适用性。      

高吸水性树脂对自密实混凝土性能的影响

高吸水性树脂(SAP)具有很强的吸水性能,但是失水后形成SAP孔,使其在混凝土中呈现出与其它外加剂不同的特性。系统研究了SAP内养护水胶比及粒径对自密实混凝土(SCC)抗压强度、早期自收缩、干缩、吸水性、抗碳化能力、抗氯离子渗透性的影响。结果表明:当内养护水胶比增加时,SCC早期自收缩明显降低,且抗压强度未出现明显变化;虽然混凝土吸水性增加,但抗碳化性能和抗氯离子渗透性提高,而干缩与内养护水胶比有关。粒径为75~125μm的SAP改善自收缩、干缩效果较好,而粒径为30~75μm时SAP的抗碳化性能和抗氯离子渗透性提高较好。     

纤维自密实混凝土断裂能试验研究

通过14组56根带切口自密实混凝土梁三点弯曲试验,研究不同掺量的钢纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、钢纤维与聚丙烯腈纤维组成的混杂纤维对自密实混凝土断裂能的影响规律。试验中制作了未掺纤维且强度相近的自密实混凝土伴随试件,用以对比并计算断裂能增益比。结果表明:钢纤维能显著提高自密实混凝土的断裂能,随着钢纤维掺量的增加,其断裂能呈线性增加;聚丙烯腈纤维有利于自密实混凝土断裂能的提高,但影响较小,且非线性增加;在钢纤维体积率不变情况下,聚丙烯腈纤维有利于混杂纤维自密实混凝土断裂能的提高,但也非线性增加。在分析试验结果的基础上,提出了以混凝土抗压强度、骨料最大粒径、纤维影响系数为主要因素的纤维自密实混凝土断裂能计算模型,经过对比表明,计算模型具有良好精度。     

自密实轻骨料混凝土的收缩与徐变性能

通过试验研究了两种水胶比分别为0.33和0.29的自密实轻骨料混凝土(SCLC)的收缩和徐变性能,并与配合比相似的普通骨料自密实混凝土(SCC)及强度接近的普通混凝土(NC)进行了对比。收缩试验从入模后12小时开始,至6个月结束。徐变试验从3天龄期开始加载,分别在7、14、21和28天继续加载,而后保持荷载不变,加载应力水平分别为相应龄期抗压强度的40%,持续12个月。试验结果表明:SCLC前10天龄期有轻微膨胀现象,收缩变形始终小于SCC和NC,至6个月时三者有接近趋势;360天龄期SCLC徐变系数低于NC和SCC,而徐变度则高于NC,与SCC相当;随着抗压强度的提高,SCLC的徐变系数和徐变度均有减小趋势。     

钢纤维高性能轻骨料混凝土多轴强度和变形特性研究

为了研究钢纤维掺量和三轴应力比对高性能轻骨料混凝土破坏准则和本构关系的影响规律,进行了钢纤维全轻混凝土和钢纤维次轻混凝土多轴强度和变形特性的试验研究,考虑到试验机加载能力和新拌高性能轻骨料混凝土的工作性能,选取的钢纤维体积掺量为0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%,试验加载路径有单轴拉、压,双轴等压和真三轴压。结果发现在单轴应力和低应力比条件下,钢纤维能够明显地发挥增强阻裂作用,随着钢纤维掺量的增加,中间主应力对极限抗压强度和峰值应变的影响越来越大,且钢纤维体积掺量对两种轻骨料混凝土应力-应变曲线下降段有一定的影响;在高应力比条件下,钢纤维体积掺量对峰值强度、峰值应变和应力-应变曲线下降段无明显影响,但对高应力比下轻骨料混凝土应力-应变曲线上特有的应力平台区域有较大的影响。考虑钢纤维含量特征参数的影响,对普通骨料混凝土的Kotsovos破坏准则进行了相应的修正,得出了适合钢纤维增强轻骨料混凝土的破坏准则表达式。     

钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁裂缝宽度试验研究

通过9根钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁的四点弯曲试验,分析了钢纤维体积率、配筋率对钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁裂缝形态、裂缝宽度以及裂缝间距等参数的影响。结果表明：在自密实混凝土梁中掺加钢纤维可有效限制裂缝的扩展,掺入体积率为0.38%和0.64%的钢纤维,可使自密实混凝土梁在正常使用阶段的最大裂缝宽度减小31%~56%,平均裂缝间距减小15%~28%,纵筋应变减小40%~56%。考虑钢纤维在试验梁开裂截面的分布以及应力传递机理,结合试验数据提出了钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的计算公式,并与MC 2010、RILEM TC-162 TDF及CECS 38：2004的公式进行了对比。计算结果表明：该文建议公式计算的最大裂缝宽度与试验值吻合较好,可用于钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的分析与验算。     

钢渣粗骨料混凝土的试验研究

本文以设计强度C30作为混凝土的设计强度等级,以钢渣作为粗骨料替代品为基础,对比研究了钢渣全部取代碎石所配制的混凝土（钢渣粗骨料混凝土）和普通混凝土的力学性能和耐久性;结果表明：相较于普通混凝土,钢渣混凝土具有较好的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗冻性扣抗碳化。     

纤维素等若干因素对仿钢纤维增强透水混凝土性能的影响

本实验研究了不同仿钢纤维掺量(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%)对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水系数的影响,并分析了骨料粒径、细骨料、纤维素等因素对仿钢纤维增强透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性能的影响。研究表明:仿钢纤维能够在一定程度上提高透水混凝土的早期强度;随仿钢纤维掺量的增加,透水混凝土28 d的抗压强度呈先上升后下降趋势,即存在最优掺量;当仿钢纤维掺量增加时,透水混凝土的透水能力先下降后上升;透水混凝土的抗压强度随骨料粒径的增大而降低,透水系数随骨料粒径的增大而明显增大;细骨料会使透水混凝土的早期抗压强度降低,但会提高透水混凝土28 d的抗压强度;随着细骨料取代量的增加,透水混凝土的透水系数先增大后减小;透水混凝土的抗压强度随纤维素掺量的增加而降低,透水系数随纤维素掺量的增加而增大。本研究可为实际透水混凝土施工过程中外掺料的选择提供参考。     

多因素对再生混凝土力学性能及抗冻性的影响

为研究不同因素、不同水平对再生混凝土力学性能的作用。该文通过正交试验研究钢纤维掺量、再生粗骨料掺量和粉煤灰掺量对再生混凝土力学性能(抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度)的影响,确定各因素对再生混凝土力学性能的影响程度,并加以量化表征,并提出多因素共同作用下再生混凝土力学性能的多元非线性回归模型且进行验证。在此基础上,该文进一步研究再生混凝土的抗冻性。结果表明:再生混凝土的力学性能随钢纤维掺量的增加而提高;随粉煤灰掺量增加而降低;再生粗骨料掺量对再生混凝土的力学性能影响较小。钢纤维的掺入可提高再生粗骨料的掺量。再生混凝土力学性能的实测值与通过建立的回归模型得到的计算值的最大误差在6.5%以内。此外,钢纤维的掺入和减少再生粗骨料的掺量均可以提高再生混凝土的抗冻性。     

自密实轻集料混凝土双轴受力力学性能

为探究自密实轻集料混凝土双轴力学性能,采用三轴试验机对其进行双轴压-压和双轴拉-压试验,得到不同工况下的应力-应变曲线及其破坏形态,通过提取应力-应变曲线峰值应力和峰值应变,并与相关文献普通混凝土与轻集料混凝土研究成果对比,分析自密实轻集料混凝土双轴力学性能。研究结果表明:双轴压-压工况下,当侧向压应力较低时,试件主要呈现剪切破坏形态;当侧向应力较高时,试件呈劈裂破坏形态。双轴拉-压工况下,试件主要呈劈拉破坏形态,与侧向应力无关。随着侧向压应力的提高,自密实轻集料混凝土主压应力相对比无侧向应力工况明显提高,峰值应力最大提高均值幅度为68.08%,主拉应力随侧向压应力的提高逐步降低,最大降低幅度为62.35%。应用Kupfer双轴受力破坏准则验证自密实轻集料混凝土受侧向应力影响变化规律较为保守,同时基于Kupfer提出自密实轻集料混凝土双轴力学性能破坏准则,所得到的破坏准则方程具有良好的适用性。      

The effect of blast furnace slag on the self-compactability of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of blast furnace slag, different water/(cement + mineral additive) ratios and pumice aggregates on some physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete. In this study, pumice was used as lightweight aggregate. Several properties of self-compacting pumice aggregate lightweight concretes, such as unit weight, flow diameter, T50 time, flow diameter after an hour, V-funnel time, and L-box tests, 7, 28, 90 and 180-day compressive strength, 28-day splitting tensile strength, dry unit weight, water absorption, thermal conductivity and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, were conducted. For this purpose, 18 series of concrete samples were prepared in two groups. In the first group, pumice aggregate at 100% replacement of natural aggregate was used in the production of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete with constant w/(c + m) ratios as 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 by weight. Furthermore, as a second group, pumice aggregate was used as a replacement of natural aggregate, at the levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% by volume. Flow diameters, T50 times, paste volumes, 28-day compressive strengths, dry unit weights, thermal conductivities and ultrasonic pulse velocity of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete were obtained over the range of 600–770 mm, 3–9 s, 435–540 l/m ³, 10.6–65.0 MPa, 845–2278 kg/m ³, 0.363–1.694 W/mK and 2617–4770 m/s respectively, which satisfies not only the strength requirement of semi-structural lightweight concrete but also the flowing ability requirements and thermal conductivity requirements of self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete.     

Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete

The effect of polypropylene and steel fibers on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete is investigated. Sintered fly ash aggregates were used in the lightweight concrete; the fines were partially replaced by fly ash. The effects on compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain relationship and compression toughness are reported. Compared to plain sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete, polypropylene fiber addition at 0.56% by volume of the concrete, caused a 90% increase in the indirect tensile strength and a 20% increase in the modulus of rupture. Polypropylene fiber addition did not significantly affect the other mechanical properties that were investigated. Steel fibers at 1.7% by volume of the concrete caused an increase in the indirect tensile strength by about 118% and an increase in the modulus of rupture by about 80%. Steel fiber reinforcement also caused a small decrease in the modulus of elasticity and changed the shape of the stress–strain relationship to become more curvilinear. A large increase in the compression toughness was recorded. This indicated a significant gain in ductility when steel fiber reinforcement is used.     

Application of high performance polypropylene fibers in concrete lining of water tunnels

In this study, the application of high performance polypropylene fibers (HPP fibers) in concrete lining of water tunnels, was investigated experimentally. A comparison between the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete and HPP fiber reinforced concrete with ordinary concrete is drawn. Advantages and shortcomings of HPP fibers used for concrete lining of water tunnels are also presented.The obtained results showed that the HPP fibers were not effective in compressive strength when compared to steel fibers, but the effects of HPP fibers on tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness and energy absorption of concrete were significant. Based on the results, the effects of HPP fibers on concrete characteristics such as the flexural toughness, concrete permeability and resistance to chloride penetration were higher than those of steel fibers. The results also showed that with application of HPP fibers, durability and serviceability of the concrete linings can be improved.     

Effects of cold-bonded fly ash aggregate properties on the shrinkage cracking of lightweight concretes

This paper presents an experimental study on the restrained shrinkage cracking of the lightweight concretes made with cold-bonded fly ash lightweight aggregates. Two types of fly ash having different physical and chemical properties were utilized in the production of lightweight aggregates with different strengths. Afterwards, lower strength aggregates were also surface treated by water glass and cement–silica fume slurry to improve physical and mechanical properties of the particles. Therefore, a total of eight concrete mixtures were designed and cast at 0.35 and 0.55 water–cement ratios using four types of lightweight coarse aggregates differing in their surface texture, density, water absorption, and strength. Ring type specimens were used for restrained shrinkage cracking test. Free shrinkage, creep, weight loss, compressive and splitting tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity of the concretes were also investigated. Results indicated that improvement in the lightweight aggregate properties extended the cracking time of the concretes resulting in finer cracks associated with the lower free shrinkage. Moreover, there was a marked increase in the compressive and splitting tensile strengths, and the modulus of elasticity.     

克裂速纤维增强混凝土抗裂性能

用聚丙烯纤维来防止混凝土的早期塑性收缩裂缝是近年来为解决混凝土裂缝难题而采取的新措施。研究了两种聚丙烯纤维(Cemfiber和DF)的掺量、纤维种类等参数对塑性收缩裂缝的影响规律;分别采用圆形、平板状试件来研究砂浆、普通混凝土和高性能混凝土的抗裂性能。研究结果表明:(1) 聚丙烯纤维可以显著提高混凝土抗裂能力,纤维掺量越高,抗裂能力越强;(2) 为防止裂缝,应该尽可能降低水泥用量和提高骨料用量;(3) 聚丙烯纤维提高混凝土抗裂能力的主要原因是纤维提高混凝土的早期应变能力、减小收缩应变、提高塑性抗拉强度和减小毛细管的表面张力。     

Effect of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight concrete

This paper reports the results of a study conducted to investigate the effect of low volume content of steel fiber on the slump, density, compressive strength under different curing conditions, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of a grade 35 oil palm shell (OPS) lightweight concrete mixture. The results indicate that an increase in steel fiber decreased the workability and increased the density. All the mechanical properties except the modulus of elasticity (E) improved significantly. The 28 day compressive strength of steel fiber OPS lightweight concrete in continuously moist curing was in the range of 41–45 MPa. The splitting tensile/compressive and the flexural/compressive strength ratio for plain OPS concrete are comparable with artificial lightweight aggregate. The (E) value measured in this study was about 15.5 GPa on average for all mixes, which is higher than previous studies and is in the range of normal weight concrete. Steel fiber can be used as an alternative material to reduce the sensitivity of OPS concrete in poor curing environments.     

Properties of alkali-activated mortar and concrete using lightweight aggregates

This study reports the testing of 12 alkali-activated (AA) mortars and six AA concretes using lightweight aggregates. These tests aimed to explore the significance and limitations of the development of lightweight AA mortar and concrete. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, which was used as source material, was activated by sodium silicate powder. The main parameter investigated was the replacement level of lightweight fine aggregates to the natural sand. The effect of the water–binder ratio on the compressive strength development was also studied in AA mortars. Initial flow and development of compressive strength were recorded for the lightweight AA mortar. For the lightweight AA concrete, many factors were measured: the variation of slump with elapsed time, the development of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, moduli of rupture and elasticity, stress–strain relationship, bond strength and shrinkage strain. Test results showed that the compressive strength of AA mortar decreased linearly with the increase of the replacement level of lightweight fine aggregates, regardless of the water–binder ratio. The compressive strength of AA concrete, however, sharply decreased when the replacement level of lightweight fine aggregates exceeded 30%. In particular, the increase in the discontinuous grading of lightweight aggregate resulted in the deterioration of the mechanical properties of AA concrete.     

钢纤维及陶粒掺量对轻质混凝土基本力学性能的影响

制备了3种强度等级共13组配合比的钢纤维增强轻质混凝土（Steel Fibre Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete,SFRLAC）,测量了立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和轴心抗压强度,得到了SFRLAC轴心受压应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明,钢纤维能小幅度提高轻质混凝土（Lightweight Concrete,LC）的抗压强度,随陶粒比率（Haydite Ratio,V_h）的增大,抗压强度降低,且强度等级越低,降幅越大。钢纤维能显著提高LC的劈裂抗拉强度,钢纤维对低强度等级LC劈裂抗拉强度的贡献优于对高强度等级LC的贡献。低强度等级SFRLAC （LC30和LC40）的劈裂抗拉强度受V_h的影响较大,而高强度等级SFRLAC （LC50）与之相反。当V_h达到80%时,V_h不再是影响SFRLAC劈裂抗拉强度的主要因素,而钢纤维的增强效应显著。试块的破坏形态表明钢纤维能改善LC的塑性。V_h对抗拉强度的降低效应远大于对抗压强度的降低效应。建立了SFRLAC轴心抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的关系式。SFRLAC应力-应变曲线综合体现了钢纤维的增强效应和陶粒的削减作用,陶粒降低LC的峰值应力和韧性,钢纤维主要提高LC的韧性。