不同分子量水牛乳酪蛋白酶解肽抗氧化活性的研究

通过超滤分离得到不同分子量范围的水牛乳酪蛋白酶解肽组分,对比不同组分的抗氧化活性,结果表明:分子量范围小于1 ku的组分,其DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子清除能力以及还原能力均高于分子量范围在大于1 ku(1~3 ku)的组分,且二者均显著高于(P0.05)酶解前的底物酪蛋白。     

枸杞熟化产物类黑精大孔吸附树脂的纯化

为研究枸杞熟化产物类黑精分离纯化的效果及对抗氧化性能的影响,采用乙醇溶液提取枸杞熟化产物类黑精后,通过静态吸附解吸实验及动态解吸实验筛选出最佳树脂以及最佳洗脱剂浓度对类黑精进行纯化,测定树脂纯化前后类黑精的抗氧化性。研究表明,6种树脂(D101、D312、X-5、HPD100、AB-8、CAD-40)中AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化效果最佳,静态吸附率为70.24%,解析率为88.84%,40%的乙醇溶液洗脱效果最佳,纯化后类黑精的总还原力为1.36,提高了0.524,DPPH自由基清除率达到了96.72%,提高了35.43%,·OH清除率达到65.77%,提高了26.74%。AB-8型树脂可以作为熟化枸杞类黑精的纯化材料,且纯化后类黑精抗氧化性能有明显提高。     

荸荠皮总黄酮的纯化及其抗氧化活性研究

利用大孔吸附树脂纯化荸荠皮总黄酮,探讨总黄酮的纯化条件,并通过总抗氧化性能试验、ABTS试验和DPPH试验评价了总黄酮抗氧化活性。试验结果表明,用乙醇水溶液梯度洗脱D101大孔吸附树脂,获得纯度高、抗氧化活性好的荸荠皮总黄酮,黄酮收率为58.52%,纯度为70.64%。所得总黄酮具有良好的还原能力,为0.60 mmol TE(Trolox当量)/g,和良好的ABTS·+、DPPH自由基清除活性,IC50分别为1.86、0.49 mmol TE/g,其中ABTS·+自由基清除性能均大于对照物Trolox和芦丁,DPPH自由基清除性能大于芦丁。     

不同加工工艺乳饼抗氧化肽稳定性研究

为研究不同加工工艺乳饼抗氧化肽的稳定性,以传统乳饼（TRB）和发酵型乳饼(FRB)为实验材料,超滤分离出不同分子量（3～10 ku和<3 ku）乳饼蛋白肽,以ABTS、DPPH自由基清除率、还原能力RP为评价指标,考察温度、pH、食品原辅料、压力等加工环境和模拟胃肠消化对不同工艺乳饼抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,不同加工环境及模拟胃肠消化后,不同分子量的FRB抗氧化肽稳定性高于TRB,且3～10 ku的FRB抗氧化肽活性最高;FRB和TRB抗氧化肽在高温和酸碱环境中活性显著下降（P<0.05）;山梨酸钾和超高压加工技术对乳饼抗氧化活性影响不显著;高糖抑制抗氧化活性,但分子量3～10 ku的FRB蛋白肽DPPH·清除率任能维持在84%以上;2%～8%的NaCl有利于提高抗氧化活性。胃肠消化后,不同工艺乳饼蛋白肽DPPH自由基清除活性显著降低（P<0.05）,ABTS·清除率、还原能力显著升高（P<0.05）,其ABTS·清除率高于41.85%,还原能力RP值大于0.12。研究可为乳饼及其抗氧化肽的加工利用提供理论依据。     

分子量对酪蛋白多肽抗氧化活性的影响

在对酪蛋白酶解产物制备工艺进行优化的基础上,对不同分子量抗氧化肽(>3ku,1～3ku,<1ku)的抗氧化活性进行了评价。首先对酶的种类、酶底物比及水解时间进行了单因素实验,最终确定采用碱性蛋白酶,在pH8.0,55℃,底物浓度5%,酶底物比0.192AU/g的条件下,酶解4h所得水解物抗氧化活性最高。经过超滤和凝胶过滤层析分离获得不同分子量的抗氧化肽,并采用2,2′-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+.)、羟自由基和超氧自由基清除活性评价其抗氧化性。结果表明,ABTS+.清除活性与分子量呈负相关(r=-0.898,p<0.01),分子量低于1ku组分活性最强(2mg/mL,Trolox当量为2.08±0.05mmol/L);分子量低于3ku的抗氧化肽羟自由基清除活性较高(IC50:1～3ku,4.43±0.03mg/mL;<1ku,4.35±0.06mg/mL);分子量高于3ku组分主要分布在3～5ku,超氧自由基清除活最强(10mg/mL,66.1%±1.0%)。     

超滤分级研究乳清蛋白肽美拉德反应产物的抗氧化活性的影响

以乳清蛋白肽(WPP)为研究对象,利用葡萄糖对其进行美拉德修饰,制备得到美拉德反应产物(Maillard reaction products,MRPs),然后利用超滤技术将MRPs分成相对分子量不同的3个组分(组分I、II和III),测定各组分的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,组分II(0.8~5 ku)具有最高的还原能力、自由基清除能力和金属离子螯合能力以及最强的抑制脂质氧化能力(P0.05),且随着各组分浓度的增高,其抗氧化活性显著增强(P0.05)。总之,分子量会对MRPs的抗氧化活性产生影响。     

铁棍山药多糖纯化及抗氧化活性

对铁棍山药粗多糖进行纯化分离获得单体组分,并对其抗氧化活性进行评价。利用AB-8大孔树脂对铁棍山药多糖进行富集纯化,再利用DEAE-52纤维素层析柱和Sephadex G-100层析柱分离多糖粗品,利用DPPH自由基清除实验、ABTS自由基清除实验和总还原能力测定评价分离得到的3种铁棍山药多糖组分的抗氧化活性。结果显示,AB-8大孔树脂可纯化铁棍山药粗多糖,使其纯度从53.13%提高到82.57%,获得多糖粗品,洗脱参数为:上样浓度为1.12 g/L,上样体积为4000 mL,上样流速为500 mL/h,洗脱液速度为750 mL/h,洗脱液体积为1000 mL,解吸率可达到95.62%。经过DEAE-52纤维素层析柱和Sephadex G-100层析柱分离得到3种铁棍山药多糖组分DOTP1、DOTP2和DOTP3,得率分别为0.34%、0.42%和0.36%,纯度分别为93.11%、91.22%和92.75%。DPPH自由基清除实验、ABTS自由基清除实验和总还原能力测定结果显示,铁棍山药多糖DOTP1的抗氧化活性优于DOTP2和DOTP3,而3种多糖组分的抗氧化活性都略优于阳性对照VE。研究所用纯化分离方案可实现铁棍山药多糖的分离纯化,得到的3种多糖组分具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

老陈醋类黑精的多酚含量与其抗氧化活性相关性

山西老陈醋熏醅工艺中产生大量的美拉德反应产物类黑精。为了探究老陈醋类黑精的多酚含量与其抗氧化活性的相关性,通过超滤和尺寸排阻色谱法从老陈醋中分离得到不同分子质量的类黑精组分,将老陈醋类黑精经Na Cl解离为类黑精骨架和小分子复合物,分别进行抗氧化活性和组分分析。研究发现:熏醅工艺有利于提高老陈醋的抗氧化活性,主要归功于熏醅过程中生成了大量的类黑精,老陈醋类黑精的抗氧化活性与其组成中的多酚含量正相关。     

不同分子量黑籽瓜种子多肽抗氧化能力的研究

目的:研究不同分子量黑籽瓜种子多肽的抗氧化能力的差异。方法:利用超滤技术对黑籽瓜种子蛋白酶解产物(SWSPs)进行多级分离,得到不同分子量分布的五种组分(SWSPs-L、SWSPs-1、SWSPs-3、SWSPs-5、SWSPs-10),然后以七种抗氧化能力评价体系分别对五种组分进行评价。结果:不同分子量黑籽瓜种子多肽的抗氧化能力不尽相同,分子量在1~3 ku的组分SWSPs-1对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力最强,而分子量1 ku的组分SWSPs-L则表现出了多重抗氧化机制,该组分与等浓度的EDTA具有相近的螯合效果。结论:黑籽瓜种子多肽的抗氧化能力与其分子量分布和氨基酸组成密切相关,是各方面综合作用的结果。     

澳洲坚果抗氧化肽的分离纯化及肽段鉴定

为研究澳洲坚果抗氧化肽的抗氧化活性和氨基酸组成,以复配蛋白酶水解澳洲坚果粕制备粗多肽,利用超滤、大孔树脂纯化技术制备了抗氧化活性最佳的分子量小于1000 Da的多肽,采用Sephadex G-15凝胶对其分离并评价各组分对DPPH、羟基、ABTS+自由基的清除能力与还原能力,筛选出抗氧化活性最强组分,利用液相色谱-串联质谱技术(liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)进行鉴定并分析。结果表明,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分离出G1、G2、G3组分,其中G3具有最佳的抗氧化活性,其羟基自由基清除能力半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀)6.18 mg/mL与还原能力IC₅₀ 2.19 mg/mL优于谷胱甘肽,DPPH自由基清除能力IC₅₀ 0.50 mg/mL,ABTS+自由基清除能力IC₅₀ 0.02 mg/mL;通过液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定G3含有46个肽段,肽段长度均小于...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the