Optimum bandwidth partitioning with analog-to-digital converter constraints

In certain communication channels, such as short copper twisted pairs, it is theoretically possible to perform transmission with very high spectral efficiency using a very wide bandwidth. However, current analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technology limits the allowable sampling rate and resolution, thus severely constraining the transmission speeds. This paper proposes the partitioning of the available bandwidth into multiple bands, each employing an independent ADC. The benefit of such a scheme is the reduction of the sampling rates of the ADCs. An increase in the dynamic range is allowed, thus offering the potential to realize very high spectral efficiencies. An analysis of transmission under ADC constraints is performed, where an expression for the achievable data rate is derived, based on an empirical rule for the tradeoff between the ADC sampling rate and resolution. A bandwidth-partitioning problem is formulated, where the objective is the maximization of the data rate, and the optimization parameters are the frequency-band assignments. Then, a practical example of transmission over category (CAT)-5 cable is considered. The possible impairment factors are outlined, and the essential system elements are described. Using the previously given algorithm, the optimum solution and the corresponding performance are given for two distinct scenarios. These scenarios serve to illustrate the bandwidth-partitioning procedure, and provide useful intuition regarding the application of the proposed method. In particular, it is deduced that it is best to have narrower bands in frequencies where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is relatively high, and wider bands in frequencies where the SNR is relatively low.     

The achievable accuracy in estimating the instantaneous phase andfrequency of a constant amplitude signal

The approach is based on modeling the signal phase by a polynomial function of time on a finite interval. The phase polynomial is expressed as a linear combination of the Legendre basis polynomials. First, the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of the instantaneous phase and frequency of constant-amplitude polynomial-phase signals is derived. Then some properties of the CRBs are used to estimate the order of magnitude of the bounds. The analysis is extended to signals whose phase and frequency are continuous but not polynomial. The CRB can be achieved asymptotically if the estimation of the phase coefficients is done by maximum likelihood. The maximum-likelihood estimates are used to show that the achievable accuracy in phase and frequency estimation is determined by the CRB of the polynomial coefficients and the deviation of true phase and frequency from the polynomial approximations     

Reconstruction of signals with known instantaneous frequency usinglinear time-varying filter

An efficient method for reconstructing signals from an AM-FM noisy signal with known instantaneous frequency (IF) is derived and verified by simulation. Analysis shows that the proposed linear time-varying filter efficiently rejects noise from the received wideband signal in real-time     

Adaptive filtering with bandwidth constraints in the feedback path

This paper introduces a new, adaptive-filter-based controller that shows advantageous properties from the viewpoint of its communication requirement. The algorithm is called signed-error filtered-x LMS (SE-FxLMS). Its novelty is characterized by the fact that it makes possible data compression in the feedback path of adaptive-filter-based control loops in a very simple way. This feature is especially useful in such closed-loop systems where the feedback signals are transmitted over a low-bandwidth communication channel. This is a typical case in so-called networked control systems (NCS), where the communication is carried out over a shared communication channel, e.g., using a wireless sensor network. The paper introduces an analysis of the algorithm as well.     

140 GHz broadband crossbar stripline mixers with over 20 GHz instantaneous RF bandwidth

The letter presents the design and performance of a 140 GHz broadband crossbar stripline mixer using beam-lead diodes. With the LO fixed at 140 GHz, a conversion loss of 7?11 dB has been achieved with the RF swept from 140 to 160 GHz, and 6 to 8 dB with the RF swept from 133 to 147 GHz.     

带宽限制条件下的二值形状速率控制

本文对MPEG－4的二值形状编码方法，提出一种在带宽限制条件下的速率控制算法。实验结果表明这种方法能有效控制形状编码比特数且有较高的客观和主观图像质量。     

网络带宽制约3G发展速度

2011年我国3G业务发展和网络建设进展平稳,网络已初步覆盖全国城镇,用户突破4000万。2011年三大运营商在3G发展上各有什么举措与特色?记者采访了北京邮电大学经济管理学院博导曾剑秋教授。记者:请您谈谈2010年我国三大运营商3G发展特点。曾剑秋:目前我国三大运营商的3G发展处于正常、平稳状态,已达到之前的     

Compensating for window effects in the calculation of spectrographic instantaneous bandwidth

Exact results derived by Cohen and Lee are used to study the distortion induced by the window in the computation of instantaneous bandwidth via the spectrogram. These concepts have been recently used in an interesting study regarding lesion-induced blood flow disturbances, where an approximation was made to compensate for the window effects. We show that this compensation is accurate for stationary signals, but becomes increasingly poorer as the signal becomes less stationary (e.g., large frequency modulations). We propose an alternative technique to reduce the window distortions, and point out the use of other time-frequency distributions that do not suffer such distortions.     

圆环相控阵天线瞬时带宽的分析与计算

相控阵天线需要足够的瞬时带宽以满足无线通信系统的性能要求.分析了限制圆环相控阵天线瞬时带宽的影响因素,主要包括频率变化引起的天线波束指向偏差和天线孔径渡越时间对瞬时带宽的限制.比较了圆环相控阵天线与线阵相控阵天线瞬时带宽的异同,并给出了圆环相控阵天线瞬时带宽的计算方法,为圆环相控阵天线的设计提供了理论指导.     

Efficient multicast search under delay and bandwidth constraints

The issue of a multicast search for a group of users is discussed in this study. Given the condition that the search is over only after all the users in the group are found, this problem is called the Conference Call Search (CCS) problem. The goal is to design efficient CCS strategies under delay and bandwidth constraints. While the problem of tracking a single user has been addressed by many studies, to the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts to reduce the search cost for multiple users. Moreover, as oppose to the single user tracking, for which one can always reduce the expected search delay by increasing the expected search cost, for a multicast search the dependency between the delay and the search cost is more complicated, as demonstrated in this study. We identify the key factors affecting the search efficiency, and the dependency between them and the search delay. Our analysis shows that under tight bandwidth constraints, the CCS problem is NP-hard. We therefore propose a search method that is not optimal, but has a low computational complexity. In addition, the proposed strategy yields a low search delay as well as a low search cost. The performance of the proposed search strategy is superior to the implementation of an optimal single user search on a group of users. Amotz Bar-Noy received the B.Sc. degree in 1981 in Mathematics and Computer Science and the Ph.D. degree in 1987 in Computer Science, both from the Hebrew University, Israel. From October 1987 to September 1989 he was a post-doc fellow in Stanford University, California. From October 1989 to August 1996 he was a Research Staff Member with IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, New York. From February 1995 to September 2001 he was an associate Professor with the Electrical Engineering-Systems department of Tel Aviv University, Israel. From September 1999 to December 2001 he was with AT research labs in New Jersey. Since February 2002 he is a Professor with the Computer and Information Science Department of Brooklyn College - CUNY, Brooklyn New York. Zohar Naor received the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, in 2000. Since 2003 he is with the University of Haifa, Israel. His areas of interests include wireless networks, resource management of computer networks, mobility, search strategies, and multiple access protocols.     

Low-power repeaters driving RC and RLC interconnects with delay and bandwidth constraints

Interconnect plays an increasingly important role in deep-submicrometer very large scale integrated technologies. Multiple design criteria are considered in interconnect design, such as delay, power, and bandwidth. In this paper, a repeater insertion methodology is presented for achieving the minimum power in an RC interconnect while satisfying delay and bandwidth constraints. These constraints determine a design space for the number and size of the repeaters. The minimum power is shown to occur at the edge of the design space. With delay constraints, closed form solutions for the minimum power are developed, where the average error is 7% as compared with SPICE. With bandwidth constraints, the minimum power can be achieved with minimum-sized repeaters. The effects of inductance on the delay, bandwidth, and power of an RLC interconnect with repeaters are also analyzed. By including inductance, the minimum interconnect power under a delay or bandwidth constraint decreases as compared with an RC interconnect.     

Inflection of shock response spectrum of filter bandwidth

目前利用冲击响应谱作为参考的冲击实验在国防事业、国家经济生活中得到广泛的应用,冲击响应谱也成为国防事业和经济生活中重要的参考标准,分析对冲击响应谱造成影响的因素,将有利于对冲击响应谱,规范,为更好实现冲击实验提供精确的参数设置。实验过程中为了得出冲击信号滤波带宽对冲击响应谱的影响,利用霍普金森杆产生高g值,窄带宽的冲击信号,再结合信号分析软件对得到的数据进行处理,得出滤波带宽影响冲击响应谱的等冲区的结论。     

滤波带宽对冲击响应谱的影响研究

目前利用冲击响应谱作为参考的冲击实验在国防事业、国家经济生活中得到广泛的应用,冲击响应谱也成为国防事业和经济生活中重要的参考标准,分析对冲击响应谱造成影响的因素,将有利于对冲击响应谱规范,为更好实现冲击实验提供精确的参数设置。实验过程中为了得出冲击信号滤波带宽对冲击响应谱的影响,利用霍普金森杆产生高g值,窄带宽的冲击信号,再结合信号分析软件对得到的数据进行处理,得出滤波带宽影响冲击响应谱的等冲区的结论。     

A bandwidth sharing approach to improve licensed spectrum utilization

The spectrum of deployed wireless cellular communication systems is found to be underutilized, even though licensed spectrum is at a premium. To efficiently utilize the bandwidth left unused in a cellular system, the primary system (PRI), we propose an overlaid ad hoc secondary network (ASN) architecture, with the ASN operating over the resources left unutilized by the PRI. Our basic design principle is that the ASN operates in a nonintrusive manner and does not interact with the PRI. In this article we present the ad hoc secondary medium access control (AS-MAC) protocol to enable PRI-SEC interoperation, address a number of technical challenges pertinent to this networking environment, and evaluate the performance of the AS-MAC. In a single-hop ASN the AS-MAC transparently utilizes 75 percent of the bandwidth left unused by the PRI, while in multihop ASNs, due to spatial reuse, the AS-MAC can utilize up to 132 percent of the idle PRI resources in our experiments.     

Efficient use of the radio spectrum and bandwidth expansion

Using the definition that the most efficient use of the radio-frequency spectrum is that which produces maximum communication with a point or into and through an area, it is shown that considerable bandwidth expansion is required to achieve optimum communication capacity. The effectiveness of digital modulation in trading bandwidth for interference protection is demonstrated in the environment of a dense urban network. The considerable benefits obtained from the use of highly directive antennas with small off-angle response are demonstrated. Effects produced by reflection and scattering from objects on or near the radio path are studied parametrically. It is concluded that very large amounts of communication can be realized in a restricted area and bandwidth if bandwidth expanding digital modulation techniques are employed in combination with high-quality antennas mounted so as to minimize effects of the environment.     

ACO-based routing and spectrum allocation in flexible bandwidth networks

Optical networks with flexible bandwidth provisioning are a very promising networking architecture. It enables efficient resource utilization and supports heterogeneous bandwidth demands. In this paper, we focus on the dynamic routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) problem which emerges in such networks and propose a novel dynamic RSA algorithm by means of ant colony optimization (ACO). In our proposed algorithm, ants are launched to modify the routing table according to the length and the spectrum fragmentation information along the path. A simulation study is performed considering five algorithms in terms of blocking probability: WDM-based RWA approach, KSP-based RSA approach, Slot-based RSA algorithm, and our proposed ACO-based RSA approach. We then compare the deterioration degree of blocking probability by adding more types of line rate. Simulation results indicate that our proposed ACO-based RSA approach achieves lower blocking probability, complexity, and higher adaptability to more line rates mixture.     

On the pilot spacing constraints for continuous time-varying fading channels

In common wireless systems pilot placing can be interpreted as a way to sample the channel with some degree of accuracy. In this letter we investigate the necessary conditions on the pilots spacing for time-varying fading to guarantee a specified average bit error rate. These constraints are evaluated in closed form for large SNR and small fading dynamics and specialized for varying fading correlation and coded/uncoded binary transmissions.     

Naturally sampled triangle carrier PWM bandwidth limit and output spectrum

This paper first presents a general theory predicting harmonic components in naturally sampled pulse-width modulation (PWM) output signals, so that any input signal with a Fourier series representation may be handled. This theory provides a basis for the mathematical analysis of PWM systems, such as converters transmitting a main signal and a broadband of feedback or feedforward signals, or Class D amplifiers. Ultimately, the results of this theory are applied to two concrete problems, and conditions similar to the Nyquist theorem or Carson's rule for FM modulation are derived for the cases of recovery of an input signal consisting of a main signal and a bandwidth of small feedback or feedforward signals and a bandlimited signal consisting of several harmonics of comparable magnitude. A rule of thumb, and conservative estimate of the bandwidth in both cases is one third of the carrier frequency (/spl omega//sub upper/<(1/3)/spl omega//sub c/). This research has been based on the premise that the results obtained will provide valuable insight into the general behavior of PWM systems, and provide a supporting theory for concrete systems utilizing signals of this kind, such as PWM converters whose purpose is to ensure a dominant sinusoidal waveform along with a broadband frequency channel for small feedback signals.