皮革防霉剂的使用现状及性能评价

介绍了皮革及其制品霉变的原因和引起霉变的主要菌种,综述了常规防霉措施和常用防霉剂种类,以及防霉效果评价方法,指出以高效、广谱、绿色为特点的新型复合防霉剂是今后皮革防霉剂发展的方向.     

防霉纸

食物霉变是人们头痛的事,为了避免在食品中直接添加防霉剂,并仍能起到防霉效果,日本研制成功一种能不损害食品风味、长期防止食品发霉的防霉纸。这种防霉纸是把特定的单甘油酯和其他的化合物等溶合作为有效成分在纸上喷涂,作浸润处理,然后干燥     

γ射线辐射皮革霉菌效应的研究

皮革及其制品是极易被有害真菌腐蚀而发霉变质的,在潮湿的夏秋季节,真菌繁殖很快,1～2天内,皮革及其制品就会发霉。出口产品因发霉变质而退货赔款的,时有发生,使企业和国家蒙受巨大损失。为防止和抑制皮革及其制品的霉变,人们在制革和制件过程的某些工序施以化学药物作为防霉剂,同时改善生产和保管条件,控制环境的温、湿度,对产品进行干燥处理等,所有这些防霉措施,都取得了一定效果,但尚不能从根本上解决问题。因此,防霉是我国皮     

储烟霉变机理与防霉技术研究进展

从烟叶霉变的病原学、发病规律、霉变检测和防霉技术等方面,综述了国内外在储烟防霉学领域取得的进展,对今后储烟防霉的研究进行了展望。     

腐竹防霉保鲜剂应用研究

霉变、褐变是导致夏季腐竹营养与商品损失的主要因素.试验重点研究干腐竹在40℃、RH95%的高温、高湿环境下,复合型防霉护色保鲜剂的食品安全剂量及其防霉保鲜效果.结果表明:腐竹在0.10 mm OPP+Al包装中贮存90天,复合型防霉护色保鲜剂的食品安全阈值为≤13,34 g/kg;总酸含量为3.21 mg KOH/100 g,茵落总数为440 cfu/g,霉菌总数为130 cfu/g,感官评价的气味、色泽、质地、咀嚼度、表观霉变五个指标的总得分为95分.并且腐竹中的SO2残留量≤0.16 g/kg,符合国家标准GB2760-1996.     

Z_(124)等化合物对纺织品的防霉探讨

从上海两个纺织厂的霉变纺织品中分离到13个属34个种的真菌。用平板法测定系列化合物Z_7、Z_8、Z_(124)和Z_(26)等的抗真菌最低抑制浓度(MIC),并以纺织品上传统应用的防霉剂β-萘酚为对照,结果表明Z_(26)的抗菌活性最强,β-萘酚的抗菌效率比较差。通过纺织制品上的防霉试验,确证Z_2和Z_(124)的防霉效率最好。     

防霉杀菌剂在纸机清洁生产中的应用

在纸机湿部添加防霉杀菌剂是解决微生物困扰纸机运行的主要手段.该文通过实例介绍了防霉杀菌剂的使用方法.应用表明,使用恰当的防霉杀菌剂并优化添加方案,不但可有效地控制微生物污染问题,而且能提高纸张的质量和产量,给企业带来较好的经济效益.     

生物活性纸及其制品

介绍了含有活性识别能力成分的生物活性纸及其制品的定义及基本原理、生物活性物质及功能性物质的基奉特性和在生物活性纸及其制品中的应用,并叙述了生物活性纸可能的低成本、大规模的制造方法以及在相关领域的应用.     

S8防腐剂的研究与应用

一、前言由于变性淀粉能提高纸和纸板的物理强度，改善纸和纸板的表面性能；提高纤维和填料留着率，减轻造纸厂的三废污染，降低造纸成本，提高产品档次。因此，变性淀粉在造纸工业中已获得日益广泛的应用。但含有变性淀粉的纸浆、涂料、糊液和纸制品在潮湿的条件下容易霉变腐败。影响生产和产品质量，给纸厂造成经济和信誉损失。所以，应用变性淀粉有必要使用防霉防腐剂。为此，我们研制了S_8防腐剂，并以国内目前造纸行业应用较广泛的JHFF—l为参照，对其性能进行了评价。二、S_8防霉防腐剂的性能1.S_8最低抑菌浓度──MIC值对变性淀…     

蒸制面制主食防霉初步探索

重点讨论蒸制食品防止霉变的措施。论述蒸制食品易于长霉的原因，通过实验找出适宜的防霉方法。常用的防腐剂可以适当地防霉，高压是比较有效的防霉措施。低温贮存、无菌包装和表面处理等都能起到防霉的作用。     

花生中黄曲霉毒素的防控及去除方法

黄曲霉毒素（Aflatoxin）s是一类有毒致癌物,广泛地分布在发霉粮食及其制品中,特别是花生及其制品。对人体及生物危害较大。该毒素的解毒与去毒一直是研究的热点。     

Screening of tomato purée for excessive mould content by near infrared spectroscopy: A preliminary evaluation

Preliminary experiments demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy (n. i. r.s.) could be used to measure the amount of mould (Botrytis cinerea or Alternaria tenuissima) added to fresh tomato homogenate. In subsequent work, fresh tomatoes that had been allowed to become mouldy were used to prepare a series of tomato purées containing known quantities of mouldy fruit. N.i.r.s. of the freeze-dried purée was again successful in estimating the amount of contamination as per cent mouldy fruit. Regression analysis selected wavelengths which could be associated with absorption bands of chitin, the major carbohydrate in the cell walls of moulds. It may therefore be possible to utilise n.i.r.s. as a screen for mould in tomato purées if the present success with B. cinerea and A. tenuissima can be extended to the complete range of moulds encountered in tomato products.     

基于深度学习的发霉花生识别技术

目的:快速、无损地识别发霉花生，提高发霉花生的识别效率。方法:采用光谱仪采集高光谱花生数据，利用深度学习技术识别霉变花生，建立Hypernet PRMF模型，并以Deeplab v3+、Segnet、Unet和Hypernet作为对照模型进行比较。将所提出的花生识别指数融合到高光谱图像中，作为数据特征预提取。同时将构建的多特征融合块集成到控制模型中以提高发霉花生识别效率。结果:所有模型的平均像素精度均超过了87%。Hypernet-PRMF模型的检测精度最高，达到90.35%,同时对于整个花生数据集，Hypernet-PRMF的错误识别率较低，可以有效识别图中所有的发霉花生。结论:基于深度学习所建立的Hypernet-PRMF模型具有较高的像素精度与检测精度，可有效识别发霉花生。     

Identification of chemicals, possibly originating from misuse of refillable PET bottles, responsible for consumer complaints about off-odours in water and soft drinks

Mineral water and soft drinks with a perceptible off-odour were analysed to identify contaminants originating from previous misuse of the refillable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle. Consumers detected the off-odour after opening the bottle and duly returned it with the remaining content to the producers. The contaminants in question had thus been undetected by the in-line detection devices (so-called 'sniffers') that are supposed to reject misused bottles. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the headspace of 31 returned products and their corresponding reference products, and chromatograms were compared to find the possible off-odour compounds. Substances believed to be responsible for the organoleptic change were 2-methoxynaphthalene (10 bottles), dimethyl disulfide (4), anethole (3), petroleum products (4), ethanol with isoamyl alcohol (1) and a series of ethers (1). The mouldy/musty odour (5 bottles) was caused by trichloroanisole in one instance. In some cases, the origins of the off-odours are believed to be previous consumer misuse of food products (liquorice-flavoured alcohol, home-made alcohol containing fusel oil) or non-food products (cleaning products, petroleum products, oral moist snuff and others). The results also apply to 1.5-litre recyclable PET bottles, since the nature and extent of consumer misuse can be expected to be similar for the two bottle types.     

Determination and the hygienic-toxicologic significance of patulin in fruit and fruit products]

The combination of extracting, chromatographic and fluorescence densitometric steps permits to determine patulin in fruits and fruit products with great precision and sensitivity. The limit of detection is 10 microgram/kg; the recovery rates range from 86 to 92% with a variation coefficient lying between 5.6 and 13.6%. Interferences due to patulin-simulating substances are widely excluded. Patulin concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 42 mg/kg were found in the brown-rotten portions of apples. Juices domestically prepared from healthy fruits and fruits rid of rotten portions, respectively, contained no patulin. On the contrary, patulin concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.3 mg/l were observed in commercial apple juices. As to products with subsequent mould infection, patulin values up to 50 mg/l were found in apple juices, and up to 0.4 mg/kg in peach preserves. In a further 24 commercial fruit and vegetable juices, patulin was not detectable even not in cider, in cereals which had gone mouldy spontaneously, and in bread samples. The fruits and fruit products were analysed not only for patulin, but also for aflatoxin and ochratoxin; the latter two, however, were found in none of the samples examined. The possibilities of manufacturing patulin-free products are discussed.     

纳他霉素在派类食品中防霉保鲜的应用

介绍了纳他霉素对霉菌、酵母茵的抑制作用;研究了使用纳他霉素Natamycin的酒精溶液对派类食品进行防霉保鲜处理的工艺及效果。     

Occurrence of the C-series fumonisins in maize from the former Transkei region of South Africa

Fumonisins are a group of structurally related mycotoxins produced mainly in maize by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum. The most abundant naturally occurring analogue is fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), with lesser amounts of fumonisin B(2) (FB(2)) and fumonisin B(3) (FB(3)) occurring. The C-series fumonisins (FCs) are structurally analogous to the B-series but lack the C-1 methyl group. Good and mouldy subsistence-grown maize samples were collected from the Centane and Bizana districts in the former Transkei region of South Africa. After extraction with methanol/water and clean-up on strong anion exchange solid phase extraction cartridges, FB(1), FB(2), FB(3), FC(1), FC(3) and FC(4) were determined by reversed-phase LC-MS/MS using positive ion electrospray ionisation. FB(1) levels in both good and mouldy maize from Centane (means (±SD) 2.75 ± 2.24 and 23.4 ± 12.5 mg kg(-1), respectively) were higher than the corresponding levels in maize samples from Bizana (means 0.056 ± 0.157 and 3.71 ± 5.01 mg kg(-1), respectively). Similarly, FC(1) levels in both good and mouldy maize from Centane (means 0.107 ± 0.099 and 0.814 ± 0.391 mg kg(-1), respectively) were higher than in Bizana, where FC(1) was detected in only one (0.018 mg kg(-1)) of 19 good maize samples and occurred in mouldy maize with a mean of 0.102 ± 0.135 mg kg(-1). A significant correlation (r=0.982, p<0.01) was observed between FB(1) and FC(1) levels in all samples, with FC(1) levels at 3.3% of the corresponding FB(1) levels. FC(4) levels were similar to FC(1), whereas only low amounts of FC(3) were detected.     

Consumer preferences and fungal and mycotoxin contamination of dried cassava products from Ghana

Summary Members of one hundred and twenty five households from 19 villages producing dried cassava products were interviewed in Ghana. Kokonte was the most important cassava product in 19% of the households processing it. Most kokonte was produced between January and March. Mould growth during processing or storage was a problem during June and July, which is part of the rainy season. Most producers and market traders preferred non-mouldy kokonte, although many (59%) would consume a mouldy product. There was a price premium for non-mouldy kokonte. The most commonly isolated fungi were yeasts and Cladosporium spp. (44 out of 49 samples). Other fungi isolated included Aspergillus spp. (20 samples); Penicillium spp. (15 samples) and Fusarium spp. (30 samples). Sterigmatocystin was detected in 10 samples at 0.17–1.67 mg kg^–1; patulin in 4 samples at 0.55–0.85 mg kg^–1; cyclopiazonic acid in 4 samples at 0.08–0.72 mg kg^–1; penicillic acid in 5 samples at 0.06–0.23 mg kg^–1 and tenuazonic acid in 3 samples at 0.02–0.34 mg kg^–1. Mycotoxin contamination of mouldy kokonte was a potential problem; there is therefore the need to improve kokonte processing to avoid mould growth.     

Co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in mouldy and healthy corn from Korea

A total of 71 samples consisting of 36 mouldy and 35 visibly healthy corn were collected from Kangwon province of Korea and analysed for 8-ketotrichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEA), and fumonisins, including fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), and fumonisin B3 (FB3). Five 8-ketotrichothecenes, namely deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and 4-acetylnivalenol (4-ANIV), ZEA, FB1, FB2, and FB3 were detected in corn samples. DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, NIV, 4-ANIV, ZEA, FB1, FB2, and FB3 were detected in mouldy corn with mean values of 4.0, 0.9, 0.2, 1.7, 0.4, 0.6, 23.2, 7.5, and 6.3mug/g, respectively. Visibly healthy corn samples were contaminated with lower levels of 8-ketotrichothecenes, ZEA, and fumonisins than mouldy corn samples. However, 5 of 35 healthy corn samples analysed were contaminated with fumonisins at high levels up to 12.5mug/g for FB1, 5.4mug/g for FB2, and 0.5mug/g for FB3. This is the first report on the simultaneous occurrence of trichothecenes, ZEA, and fumonisins in corn from Korea.