Ni60对AlCoCuFeMnNi高熵合金涂层的影响

采用等离子熔覆技术,在Q235钢基体上制备了添加Ni60合金的AlCoCuFeMnNi高熵合金涂层。利用XRD,SEM和EDS研究了涂层的显微组织和相组成,并测试了其显微硬度。结果表明,合金涂层主要由BCC枝晶和FCC枝晶间组织构成,添加Ni60后枝晶间还生成了长条状的Cr_7C_3相,枝晶内的Cr_7C_3相为颗粒状。添加Ni60后涂层硬度最大值达到690 HV0.2,明显高于未添加Ni60涂层的370 HV0.2,涂层硬度提高的主要原因是添加Ni60后涂层中生成了硬质相Cr_7C_3。     

熔覆电流对FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响

目的 研究等离子熔覆电流对FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响。方法 采用等离子堆焊工艺在65Mn钢基体上制备等摩尔比的FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金涂层。通过观察涂层的宏观表面特征来判断等离子熔覆技术制作高熵合金涂层的宏观效果。利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及X射线衍射技术（XRD）观察涂层显微组织,并分析涂层的成分和相组成。采用维氏硬度显微测试计测量合金涂层的表面硬度和基体至涂层的层深硬度。结果 等离子熔覆技术制备的合金涂层无裂纹,涂层平均厚度达到2 mm。涂层元素与熔覆粉末元素比例一致,除去部分Fe元素由基体进入涂层之外,涂层依旧为单相FCC固溶体结构,组织形态为枝晶。涂层与基体结合处可以观察到明显的柱状晶区和热影响区（HAZ）。随着电流的增大,枝晶组织逐渐变粗,而FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金涂层的表面硬度逐渐减小,在190 A处,硬度发生突变达到最大值366.3HV,170 A处为最小值258.78HV。沿层深方向,涂层硬度变化不大,热影响区内由上到下,硬度先增大后减小。结论 等离子熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层有明显的优势,且具有制作大面积表面涂层的潜力,涂层厚度可以达到毫米级。电流大小改变,FCC相组成没有发生改变,而组织结构发生改变,随着电流变大,枝晶组织变粗,涂层硬度逐渐下降。     

激光熔覆CoCrCu0.4FeNi高熵合金涂层的微观组织和性能

目的 提高零部件的硬度和耐磨性。方法 采用Ni-Cr-B-Si、Co-Cr-B-Si自熔合金以及Cu粉在Q235钢基体上激光熔覆CoCrCuFeNi高熵合金涂层,激光功率为2.2、2.4 kW,扫描速度为9、12 mm/s,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的微观组织,并测试了涂层的显微硬度。结果 Cu含量较高的涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,但在涂层中存在严重的Cu偏析现象;Cu含量较低的涂层与基体结合处附近存在少量孔洞缺陷,局部区域具有调幅分解,涂层微观组织主要由树枝晶和枝晶间组成,树枝晶为FCC1,富Cu贫Cr,枝晶间为FCC2,富Cr贫Cu,还存在少量的纳米相,形成了具有C和B间隙固溶的CoCrCu_0.4FeNi高熵合金涂层。熔覆的涂层厚度为2.19～2.58 mm,涂层枝晶厚度为2.2～7.3μm,且枝晶越小,硬度越高。涂层的显微硬度为280～300HV0.2,基体的硬度为110～130HV0.2,约为基体的2.5倍。结论 采用Ni-Cr-B-Si、Co-Cr-B-Si自熔合金和Cu粉激光熔覆了CoCrCuFeNi高...     

HT250 铸铁表面等离子合金化 AlCoCrCuFex MnNiCx高熵合金复合涂层

目的通过等离子合金化高熵合金涂层,提高铸铁表面耐磨性。方法采用等离子合金化法,以等摩尔比的Al,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni单质金属粉在HT250铸铁表面制备高熵合金复合涂层。通过SEM,EDS,XRD等分析涂层的组织,测试涂层的显微硬度分布。结果由于铸铁基体少量熔化,基体中的Fe和C元素进入涂层,形成了厚度约为0.2 mm的Al Co Cr Cu FexMn Ni Cx高熵合金涂层。从涂层表面到基材,体系的混合熵呈高熵-中熵-低熵的梯度变化。涂层主要由高熵合金的枝晶和枝晶间渗碳体、σ相等组织构成,主要有FCC,BCC,Fe3C及σ相。涂层的显微硬度大约为350~600HV0.2,明显高于铸铁基体的硬度(200~230HV0.2)。结论通过等离子合金化可以在铸铁表面形成高熵合金+碳化物的复合涂层,提高了铸铁的显微硬度,有利于铸铁表面耐磨性的提高。     

等离子熔覆AlCoCrCuFeNiMnV_(0.2)C_x高熵合金的组织结构

利用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢板上制备Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni Mn V0.2Cx(x=0,0.02,0.05,0.1,0.2,摩尔比)高熵合金熔覆层,采用XRF、OM、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计等分析了熔覆层的合金成分、微观组织、物相结构以及显微硬度。结果表明,熔覆层基体组织均为典型的树枝晶结构,由FCC+BCC固溶体组成,枝晶为BCC相,枝晶间为FCC相。当x为0.05~0.2时,熔覆层组织中有大量VC相在枝晶内析出,其形态多呈十字状和多边形颗粒状。由于碳的固溶强化作用和VC的析出相强化作用,随着碳含量的增加,熔覆层显微硬度呈增大的趋势,当x=0.2时,显微硬度达到572.4 HV。     

熔覆电流对氩弧熔覆FeCrNiCoMn高熵合金涂层组织及显微硬度的影响

采用氩弧熔覆工艺在Q235基体上制备了等摩尔比FeCrNiCoMn高熵合金涂层,采用倒置金相显微镜、自动转塔显微硬度计及3D激光共聚焦显微镜对高熵合金涂层组织及显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,不同熔覆电流下,FeCrNiCoMn高熵合金涂层均主要由枝晶组织和枝晶间组织组成,且其枝晶间组织中均生成了大量纳米级的析出物。在180~190 A范围内,随熔覆电流的增大,组织显著细化,且枝晶间组织中纳米级析出物形状规则,分布均匀;熔覆电流增大至200 A,涂层组织过度粗大,枝晶间组织被破坏,枝晶间组织中纳米析出物形状、分布均不理想。不同熔覆电流下,FeCrNiCoMn高熵合金涂层表面显微硬度差别不大。180、190 A熔覆电流制备的涂层比200 A熔覆电流制备的涂层截面显微硬度分布更理想。     

熔覆电流对AlCrFeCoNiCu高熵合金涂层显微组织的影响

采用氩弧熔覆工艺在06Cr19Ni10钢基体上制备等摩尔比AlCrFeCoNiCu高熵合金涂层。采用10%草酸溶液体系对不同熔覆电流制备的高熵合金涂层进行电解腐蚀,采用倒置金相显微镜观察试样显微组织,采用3D激光共聚焦显微镜对高熵合金涂层中的细小析出物进行微区三维显微形貌分析,并采用自动转塔显微硬度计对其截面显微硬度进行分析。结果表明,以不同熔覆电流制备的AlCrFeCoNiCu高熵合金涂层均由枝晶组织、枝晶间组织、块状析出物以及纳米级析出物组成。以240 A熔覆电流制备的涂层由于热输入过大,过热粗化的枝晶组织在凝固过程中发生臂端部位的熔解。240 A熔覆电流制备的熔覆涂层的表面硬度达到最高,但截面硬度较低。230 A熔覆电流制备的熔覆涂层的表面硬度、截面硬度均较理想。     

熔覆电流对CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层组织与耐磨性的影响

为了探索制备工艺对高熵合金涂层组织与性能的影响,利用氩弧熔覆方法在Q235钢表面制备了等摩尔比CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层.采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了涂层的组织形貌及物相,采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机分析了涂层的硬度和耐磨性.结果 表明:采用氩弧熔覆方法能成功在Q235钢表面制备出厚度在2 mm以上的CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金涂层;靠近涂层顶部,熔覆电流对涂层的组织影响明显;随着熔覆电流的增加,涂层中上部过渡区组织由胞状晶向枝状晶和等轴晶转变,同时出现晶粒细化现象,BCC、FCC两相固溶体逐渐转变到BCC单相固溶体.随熔覆电流的增加,涂层的硬度和耐磨性均先升高后降低,涂层表层硬度最大,向基体方向呈下降趋势.当熔覆电流为200 A时,涂层的表层硬度最高,达626.7 HV0.2,约为Q235基体的4倍,其耐磨性也最好.涂层的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损,熔覆电流为200 A制备的涂层伴随有磨粒磨损.     

CeO_2对AlCoCuFeMnNi高熵合金涂层组织和硬度的影响

为探究稀土氧化物Ce O_2对高熵合金的影响,采用等离子熔覆技术,在Q235钢基体上制备了添加0%、0.5%、1%和1.5%(质量分数)Ce O_2的Al Co Cu Fe Mn Ni高熵合金涂层。利用SEM、EDS和XRD研究了Ce O_2对合金涂层组织和硬度的影响。结果表明:涂层组织呈枝晶成长特性,由BCC枝晶和FCC枝晶间组织构成。Ce O_2添加量越多,涂层组织越致密,晶粒越细小,细晶强化是涂层硬度提高的主要原因。     

时效对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiB0.5高熵合金激光涂层组织和硬度的影响

采用激光熔覆方法在Q235钢上制备FeCoCrNiB_0.5高熵合金涂层,利用XRD、SEM以及显微维氏硬度计等,研究时效温度对涂层的显微组织、相结构及硬度的影响。结果表明,涂层由FCC结构固溶体和M₂B两相构成,并且相结构具有很好的高温稳定性。涂层经过800 ℃和900 ℃时效后,枝晶内有大量的颗粒状M₂B相脱溶物析出;而1000 ℃时效后,枝晶间的M₂B相显著粗化,涂层中树枝晶组织消失。FeCoCrNiB_0.5高熵合金涂层的硬度为447 HV0.2,且涂层硬度随时效温度升高而逐渐降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.