轧制变形对Mn13组织及性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和HD-187.5型硬度计对高锰钢在不同轧制应力条件下的组织和性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明:随形变量的增大,位错密度增加,组织中孪晶的数量明显增加,晶粒细化。高锰钢的硬度随着形变量的增加而增大。说明大量的孪晶变形、孪晶和位错之间的交互作用是高锰钢产生应变硬化的主要原因。     

轧制变形对Mn13组织及性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和HD-187．5型硬度计对高锰钢在不同轧制应力条件下的组织和性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明：随形变量的增大，位错密度增加，组织中孪晶的数量明显增加，晶粒细化。高锰钢的硬度随着形变量的增加而增大。说明大量的孪晶变形、孪晶和位错之间的交互作用是高锰钢产生应变硬化的主要原因。     

双相TiAl基合金的室温孪生变形机制

研究了Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ双相合金在室温下以不同压缩量变形后的微观组织结构。试验结果表明，形变孪笺是双相ＴｉＡｌ合金的重要变形机制，孪生系统为「１１１」〈１１２。随着变形量的增加，形变孪晶数量均多，但即使经历较大变形，形变孪晶仍然很薄。     

异步轧制条件下高锰钢的显微组织与加工硬化机制

在异步轧制条件下,研究了高锰钢的显微组织变化及其加工硬化机制。结果表明,经异步轧制后,随着变形量的增大,高锰钢中滑移带的密度逐渐增大;高锰钢晶粒内部出现大量的形变孪晶和高密度位错缠结,晶粒细化明显;高锰钢晶体在变形后仍然为面心立方的奥氏体,没有发生马氏体相变;在不同的变形量下,高锰钢中主要的加工硬化机制不同。     

双相TiAl基合金的高温孪生变形机制

研究了Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ双相合金在６００、８００℃下以不同压缩量变形后的微观组织结构。试验结果表明，在高温下形变孪生同样是双相ＴｉＡｌ合金的重要变形机制，孪生系统为「１１１」〈１１２。在高温下变形时，随着变形量的增加，不仅形变孪晶的数量增多，同时孪晶厚度显著增大。     

镁合金热变形下变形带的形貌和晶体学特征

对不同温度单向压缩下AZ31镁合金不均匀形变组织的形貌和晶体学特征进行了研究.结果显示:形变组织具有很强的温度和应变敏感性;250℃时,晶粒内在变形初期出现大量的{1012}拉伸孪晶和少数{1011}压缩孪晶,随着应变量的加大,拉伸孪晶因相同取向孪晶的合并而急剧减少,而压缩孪晶明显变粗,数量也有所增加;300℃以上时,非基面滑移被激活后,出现了与压缩轴基本垂直的扭折带,其晶体学方向垂直于(0001)基面,扭折带两侧的主滑移系都为(0001)基面滑移,变形初期扭折带界面取向差为2°—6°,随着变形量的增加,扭折带密度加大;温度升高至400℃时,扭折界面发生明显的弯曲.对扭折带和其他变形带的特征进行了对比考察.     

孪晶界对AZ31镁合金静态再结晶的影响

对铸态AZ31镁合金进行不同变形量的锻造或压缩室温变形,然后经过不同温度和时间的退火保温,研究孪晶界对合金静态再结晶过程的影响。结果表明,锻造产生的孪晶较短且取向错乱,而压缩变形产生的孪晶则较狭长,同取向的孪晶大量聚集、平行排列,这与锻造和压缩两种变形方式的形变速率不同有关。退火保温实验结果表明,在相同条件下,锻造变形镁合金孪晶处比压缩变形镁合金孪晶处更易发生再结晶。研究不同孪晶处的形核方式,提出低温"孪晶界凸出形核"机理,发现某些孪晶变体即二次孪晶处并不是优先形核的位置,这与经典的孪生形核理论的观点不同。     

高锰钢加工硬化

利用传统的喷丸技术对高锰钢表面喷丸处理,研究材料表层的组织结构特征.结果表明,纳米晶的演化,通过奥氏体粗晶内部位错增殖、湮灭和重组、位错缠结逐渐向位错胞过渡;应变量和应变速率的增加,诱发机械孪生,单系孪晶逐渐向多系孪晶过渡;同时多系孪晶之间的交割作用使晶粒尺寸不断细化;晶粒在位错运动和机械孪生的重复作用下,最终形成等轴状、取向呈随机分布的纳米晶组织.喷丸处理高锰钢表层明显强化.随层深减小,硬度急剧增加.高锰钢表层的加工硬化主要是由于晶粒细化、位错硬化和孪晶硬化,而与相变硬化无关.     

双相TiAl基合金的高温孪生变形机制

研究了Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ双相合全在６００、８００℃下以不同压缩量（２％、８％、１５％、２０％）变形后的微观组织结构。试验结果表明，在高温下形变孪生同样是双相ＴｉＡｌ合金的重要变形机制，孪生系统为｛１１１｝＜１１２］．在高温下变形时，随着变形量的增加，不仅形变孪晶的数量增多，同时孪晶厚度显著增大。     

双相TiAl基合金的室温孪生变形机制

研究了Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ双相合金在室温下以不同压缩量（２％、８％、１５％、２０％）变形后的徽观组织结构。试验结果表明，形变挛生是双相ＴｉＡｌ合金的重要变形机制，孪生系统为｛１１１｝＜１１２］。随着变形量的增加，形变李晶数量增多，但即使经历较大变形，形变孪晶仍然很薄。理论分析表明，在有序Ｌｌ＿ｏ结构中，形变不可能导致伪孪晶。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。