加快发展浙江省可再生能源的建议

本文从国家高度重视可再生能源发展，浙江省常规能源资源短缺，可再生能源资源丰富，生态环境不容乐观等方面进行论述，说明浙江省发展可再生能源的必要性，并提出可再生能源法的实施，是浙江省加快发展可再生能源的重要契机，而发展可再生能源，应作为浙江省的能源发展战略目标，并对加快发展浙江省可再生能源提出了具体建议。     

浙江省95%能源资源靠外省调入

“无油、缺煤、少电”，资源匮乏的浙江省，能源消费的95％以上资源靠省外调入，一次能源资源贫乏与能源供应高度外向依赖并存的基本格局，不大可能出现根本性的改变。最近，浙江省经济贸易委员会和浙江省统计局发布了《浙江省能源利用状况白皮书》，首次公布了浙江省能源利用综合信息。     

欧盟把大量资金投向能源战略基础设施项目

正Energy Daily,2015-11-18据说,欧洲约200个能源基础设施项目将推动能源部门实现多元化,同时也能把其他能源结合进去。欧盟委员会2015年11月18日表示,为了加强欧盟区的能源安全和实现气候目标,欧盟列出了195个项目的清单。2020年前这些项目将会分配到57.5亿美元的预算。能源专员Arias Canete说,可靠的现代化能源基础设施对能源直接流入欧洲至关重要。这些项目将有     

浙江省发展分布式能源的若干问题探讨

主要分析国内外分布式能源发展趋势和应用现状,结合浙江省经济社会发展态势和能源供应情况,阐述浙江省发展分布式能源的必要性,分析有利条件和制约因素,探讨发展方向,并提出建议。     

发展可再生能源对浙江省节能减排的意义

分析了浙江省可再生能源资源条件和发展现状,提出了发展可再生能源是浙江省优化能源结构、降低能耗强度、保护生态环境、实现低碳经济发展的重要保障措施。     

浙江省能源科技信息整合与咨询服务模式研究

针对浙江省能源科技信息现状,提出了相应的信息整合原则、方法及架构,分析了浙江省能源科技信息系统建设的障碍并提出解决对策,据此通过对浙江省能源信息的整合,可以开展能源科技信息服务平台的应用及提供多种模式的个性化服务。     

浙江省能源消费状况的指标评价

从"能源强度"、"能源供应"、"污染物排放强度"等指标,评估浙江省经济、能源和环境的关系.分析了三次产业结构和主要工业行业产值的变化对浙江省单位GDP能耗的影响;从浙江省能源自给率的角度,进一步阐明了节约能源和开发新能源和可再生能源的战略重要性;二氧化硫、烟尘和粉尘排放强度指标反映了能源消费对环境的影响.     

探讨新能源发展之大计 增进能源工作者之交流——全国新能源发展研讨会暨《能源工程》理事联谊会剪影

由浙江省能源研究所主办、《能源工程》杂志社承办的“新能源发展研讨会暨《能源工程》理事联谊会”2006年12月18日在杭州圆满召开。来自全国能源领域的专家教授、企业老总、浙江省有关政府部门领导等80余人参加了会议。与会代表就如何解决日趋紧缺的能源资源，坚持走可持续发展之路问题献计献策、踊跃发言。     

浙江省可再生能源发展现状和前景研究

总结了"十一五"期间浙江省可再生能源开发利用取得的成果,分析了可再生能源开发成本高、发电上网难等主要问题。根据浙江省可再生能源资源条件,展望了浙江省水电、风电、太阳能、生物质能、地热能和海洋能等发展前景,提出了开发利用的重点领域和对策建议等。     

一例农村能源生态农村建设的调查与分析

对浙江省富阳市华墅村成功实现能源生态建设进行了调查与分析,并借鉴其经验对富阳市农村源生态农村建设模式进行了探讨。     

浙江省可持续发展能源指标的研究

研究利用国际原子能机构2005年开发完成的可持续发展能源指标体系（EISD），建立了包含17个指标的浙江省可持续发展能源指标体系，对社会、经济和环境领域的浙茳省可持续发展相关重点能源问题进行评估，并对未来能源发展情景进行预测。     

浙江省能源消费总量控制对策研究

针对合理控制能源消费总量是解决浙江省能源供需矛盾的有效应对之策,指出如何在省区内合理分配能源消费总量目标,是目前较难解决的问题。提出了要综合考虑各地经济社会发展水平、能源消费特征、区域特征等因素,坚持分解公平原则,探讨科学的方法,合理地确定浙江省各地能源消费总量控制目标。     

Centralisation and decentralisation in strategic municipal energy planning in Denmark

Denmark's future energy system is to be entirely based on renewable energy sources. Municipalities will play an important role as local energy planning authorities in terms of adopting and refining this vision in different local contexts. Based on a review of 11 municipal energy plans, this paper examines to what extent municipal energy planning matches national 100% renewable energy strategies. The results indicate a willingness among Danish municipalities to actively carry out energy planning, and the plans reveal a large diversity of (new) activities. At the same time, however, there is a strong need for better coordination of municipal energy planning activities at the central level. It is suggested that the role of municipalities as energy planning authorities needs to be outlined more clearly in, e.g., strategic energy planning which integrates savings, efficiency and renewable energy in all (energy) sectors. This requires the state to provide municipalities with the necessary planning instruments and establish a corresponding planning framework. Consequently, there is a need for a simultaneous centralisation and decentralisation during the implementation of the 100% renewable energy vision. The paper outlines a basic division of tasks between the central and the local level within such a strategic energy planning system.     

A design for hydrogen production and dispensing for northeastern United States,along with its infrastructural development timeline

Countries are trying to reduce their energy consumption, fossil fuel usage, and greenhouse gas emissions. Recent guidelines generated by various government agencies indicate an increase in the fuel economy, with a reduction in green house gases. The use of both alternative fuel vehicles and renewable energy sources is thus necessary toward achieving this goal. This paper proposes a hydrogen fueling infrastructure design for the Northeastern United States. The design provides an implementation plan for a period of 13 years (from 2013 to 2025). This design gives priority to customer convenience with minimum additional investments for its implementation. Extensive research has been conducted on generating a hydrogen supply from factories and other potential sources that can satisfy demand in the region. Markers (e.g. population density, traffic density, legislation, and growth pattern) have driven the process of demand estimation.     

沈阳市建筑能源供应基础设施与城市的可持续发展

本文对沈阳能源供应设施的现状进行了分析,剖析了该市能源供应设施存在的主要问题,并对其建筑能源消耗及供应的现状进行了评价,指出了沈阳市建筑能耗供应的缺陷对城市可持续发展的负面作用。针对沈阳市建筑能耗面对的问题,提出了近期的对策和建议。     

Feasibility of an energy conversion system in Canada involving large-scale integrated hydrogen production using solid fuels

A large-scale hydrogen production system is proposed using solid fuels and designed to increase the sustainability of alternative energy forms in Canada, and the technical and economic aspects of the system within the Canadian energy market are examined. The work investigates the feasibility and constraints in implementing such a system within the energy infrastructure of Canada. The proposed multi-conversion and single-function system produces hydrogen in large quantities using energy from solid fuels such as coal, tar sands, biomass, municipal solid waste (MSW) and agricultural/forest/industrial residue. The proposed system involves significant technology integration, with various energy conversion processes (such as gasification, chemical looping combustion, anaerobic digestion, combustion power cycles-electrolysis and solar–thermal converters) interconnected to increase the utilization of solid fuels as much as feasible within cost, environmental and other constraints. The analysis involves quantitative and qualitative assessments based on (i) energy resources availability and demand for hydrogen, (ii) commercial viability of primary energy conversion technologies, (iii) academia, industry and government participation, (iv) sustainability and (v) economics. An illustrative example provides an initial road map for implementing such a system.     

A cost-effective approach for optimal energy management of a hybrid CCHP microgrid with different hydrogen production considering load growth analysis

An optimum design and energy management of various distributed energy resources is investigated in a hybrid microgrid system with the examination of electrical, heating, and cooling demand. This paper suggested an optimal approach to design and operate a microgrid incorporating with battery energy storage, thermal energy storage, photovoltaic arrays, fuel cell, and boiler with minimization of the total operational cost of the hybrid microgrid. Two different hydrogen production methods are considered to assure the advantage of the developed proposed methodology. Furthermore, besides natural gas, residential and municipal wastes are collected and are utilized to produce electricity in fuel cell units. Load growth for different type of loads is also considered. The new number of households are added to the proposed system in different years and the proposed program is determined the optimum size of each employed resources to add each year for satisfying the total demand. To find out the optimum energy management and the optimum capacity of each employed distributed energy resources, a meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is utilized. It is concluded from the results that by utilizing residential waste, the amount of natural gas consumption by fuel cells is reduced about 6.2%, and by utilizing residential plus municipal waste, the reduction is about 26.7%. It is also observed that the amount of CO₂ emission is reduced significantly (46.8%) in the case of utilization of produced heat by fuel cells. Finally, the results confirmed the efficacy of the suggested optimal energy management of the hybrid microgrid.     

浙江省终端能源消费趋势的分析

根据1995年至2007年浙江省终端能源消费的变化趋势,分析了浙江省第一、二、三次产业和生活的煤炭、石油、热力和电力等终端消费量与第一、二、三产业增加值和GDP之间的相关性,拟合了各自的回归关系式,量化地反映了浙江省三次产业发展对煤炭、石油、热力和电力等终端消费需求的影响,并预测了2010年浙江省终端能源消费量和结构。     

State of the art of the virtual utility: the smart distributed generation network

The world of energy has lately experienced a revolution, and new rules are being defined. The climate change produced by the greenhouse gases, the inefficiency of the energy system or the lack of power supply infrastructure in most of the poor countries, the liberalization of the energy market and the development of new technologies in the field of distributed generation (DG) are the key factors of this revolution. It seems clear that the solution at the moment is the DG. The advantage of DG is the energy generation close to the demand point. It means that DG can lower costs, reduce emissions, or expand the energy options of the consumers. DG may add redundancy that increases grid security even while powering emergency lighting or other critical systems and reduces power losses in the electricity distribution. After the development of the different DG and high efficiency technologies, such as co‐generation and tri‐generation, the next step in the DG world is the interconnection of different small distributed generation facilities which act together in a DG network as a large power plant controlled by a centralized energy management system (EMS). The main aim of the EMS is to reach the targets of low emissions and high efficiency. The EMS gives priority to renewable energy sources instead of the use of fossil fuels. This new concept of energy infrastructure is referred to as virtual utility (VU). The VU can be defined as a new model of energy infrastructure which consists of integrating different kind of distributed generation utilities in an energy (electricity and heat) generation network controlled by a central energy management system (EMS). The electricity production in the network is subordinated to the heat necessity of every user. The thermal energy is consumed on site; the electricity is generated and distributed in the entire network. The network is composed of one centralized control with the EMS and different clusters of distributed generation utilities and heat storage tanks. Each of these clusters is controlled by a local management station (LMS). Every LMS has information about the requirements (heat, cold and electricity) of the users connected to its cluster and the state of the utilities and water level of the storage tanks in its cluster. The EMS receives the information from the LMSs and sets the electricity input or output of every cluster in the network. With the information ordered by the EMS, the LMS set the run or stand‐by of the utilities of its cluster. The benefits of the VU are the optimization of the utilization yield of the whole network, the high reliability of the electricity production, the complete control of the network for achieving the main aim of the EMS, the high velocity for assuming quick changes in the demand of the system and high integration of renewable energy sources, plus the advantages of the DG. This paper indicates the state of the art of the VU concept, analyses the projects that are being developed in this field and considers the future of the VU concept. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Potential of renewable energy systems in China

Along with high-speed economic development and increasing energy consumption, the Chinese Government faces a growing pressure to maintain the balance between energy supply and demand. In 2009, China has become both the largest energy consumer and CO₂ emitting country in the world. In this case, the inappropriate energy consumption structure should be changed. As an alternative, a suitable infrastructure for the implementation of renewable energy may serve as a long-term sustainable solution. The perspective of a 100% renewable energy system has been analyzed and discussed in some countries previously. In this process, assessment of domestic renewable energy sources is the first step. Then appropriate methodologies are needed to perform energy system analyses involving the integration of more sustainable strategies. Denmark may serve as an example of how sustainable strategies can be implemented. The Danish system has demonstrated the possibility of converting into a 100% renewable energy system. This paper discusses the perspective of renewable energy in China firstly, and then analyses whether it is suitable to adopt similar methodologies applied in other countries as China approaches a renewable energy system. The conclusion is that China’s domestic renewable energy sources are abundant and show the possibility to cover future energy demand; the methodologies used to analyse a 100% renewable energy system are applicable in China. Therefore, proposing an analysis of a 100% renewable energy system in China is not unreasonable.