40 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置扩能改造实践

从节省投资、降低消耗考虑，介绍了一转一吸流程的40kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置扩能改造为80kt／a、两转两吸流程。在焙烧、净化、干吸各工序的改造措施，实现了稀酸封闭循环、污水零排放、尾气达标排放。     

40 kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置改造总结

摘要：对40kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置进行改造，新增1台废热锅炉，副产0．6MPa低压蒸汽；净化水洗流程改为封闭循环，所产稀酸去复肥氨化系统洗涤尾气，污水基本不外排；对转化器进行改造，调整各段催化剂用量，并将一转一吸5段转化流程改为两转两吸、“ⅢⅠ—ⅤⅡ”5段转化流程。改造后，装置运行情况良好，转化率从95．5％提高到99．3％，产量达到60kt／a。     

60 kt/a硫酸装置高温废热的合理应用

合肥四方磷复肥有限责任公司原有一套40kL／a硫酸生产装置，1996年经扩能改造后实际生产能力达60kt／a，采用硫铁矿沸腾焙烧、废热锅炉回收高温废热副产中压蒸汽发电、文一泡一电酸洗净化、两转两吸制酸工艺，产品硫酸用于生产磷铵。2004年煤价上涨至510元/t，燃煤锅炉生产蒸汽的成本达到120元/t。由于磷铵生产需要低压饱和蒸汽，经过计算，     

铅锌烧结机烟气两转两吸制酸装置的设计与试生产总结

对铅锌烧结机烟气制酸装置的转化和干吸系统进行改造。新建一套160kt/a转化系统代替原两套系统，改一转一吸流程为两转两吸流程，采用高温吸收工艺。4个月的试生产实践证明，装置运行良好，能够保持自然平衡，尾气排放达到设计标准。     

40kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置的挖潜改造介绍

我公司有1套40kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置,原采用文-泡-电水洗净化、一转一吸制酸工艺,尾气排放达不到环保要求。2006年8月我公司对硫酸装置进行了挖潜改造。     

三级氨法吸收尾气中SO2生产固体亚硫酸铵

我厂硫酸生产共有三套装置,总能力为200kt/a。第一套装置为50年代初苏联设计的40kt/a硫铁矿制酸装置,于1958年投产,采用一转一吸工艺。第二套装置于1971年投产,为80kt/a的一转一吸硫铁矿制酸装置。第三套装置于1977年投产,为80kt/a的一转一吸硫磺制酸装置。硫磺制酸装置采用两级氨法回收尾气中的二氧化硫。两套矿制酸的尾气回收,原用泡沫塔加一级复喷复挡的两级氨法回收装置。由于装置本身     

硫酸装置“四改六”技术改造与生产实践

我厂40kt/a硫酸装置系南化集团设计院样板设计，1990年5月建成投产，原料为混合矿，配套1000KW汽轮发电机组；炉气净化采用一级旋风除尘器，电除尘器和“文-泡-间-电I”封闭酸洗流程；制酸采用“3 1”再转两吸工艺流程；尾气SO2浓度<500ppm，直接排空，投产以来，生产一直较为稳定，实际产量已达140-150t/d。1995年企业扩大磷铵生产用酸需要，结合装置大修。围绕向阻力要产量进行装置“四改六”技改，即日产100%标酸180t。大修、技改总投资近300万元，其中技改120万元。     

300kt/a硫磺制酸装置MC201风机异响原因分析与处理

川化股份有限公司300kt/a硫磺制酸装置以美国孟莫克硫磺制酸工艺设计为蓝本,由上海海陆昆仑高科技工程有限公司具体组织设计,生产系统采用两转两吸+尾气和一转一吸+尾气2种工艺流程设计,设计能力为年产300kt     

黄金冶炼厂烟气制酸装置的生产实践与改造

介绍一套原设计能力为40kt/a的黄金冶炼厂烟气制酸装置的生产实践与改造。装置采用浆式进料，烟气中水分、尘和三氧化硫含量较高，给制酸系统带来很大困难。通过技术改造，采用ⅢⅠ—ⅤⅥⅡ“3 2”两转两吸工艺，制酸系统运行稳定，二氧化硫转化率达99．6％以上，硫酸生产能力达80kt/a，各项技术指标达到设计要求。     

硫铁矿制酸装置净化工序技术改造

陕西华山化工集团有限公司复肥厂80kt／a硫铁矿制酸装置于1988年建成投产,采用弱氧焙烧、稀酸洗净化、“3＋2”两转两吸工艺。经过多年的扩能改造,2007年硫酸产量达到154．9kt。2008年5-6月净化工序实施技术改造,以消除生产瓶颈、节约资源、实现硫酸装置污水零排放。改造达到了预期效果,经济效益和环境效益良好。     

Electrolytes: From a Thorn Comes a Rose,and from a Rose,a Thorn

In this article we take a stroll through the metaphorical rose garden, part of the flower garden, that is electrochemical storage systems. We take a closer look at batteries as the center‐pieces – the roses – and especially at the system component of batteries, the electrolyte and its development, throughout history. Just as a rose can only develop its unique beauty when taken good care of and provided with clean water and suitable nutrients, a battery cell cannot function without its electrolyte; the seemingly trivial component that has to juggle a multitude of requirements in order to make batteries truly bloom.     

Extraction into a flow of a fluid with a velocity gradient

Unsteady extraction from a system of semi-infinite capillaries to the flow of a fluid with a linear velocity gradient is studied. An assumption that the diffusion in the flow is a quasi-steady-state process is taken to obtain a linear equation for the local mass flux from the pore space, which involves fractional derivatives with respect to time and flow coordinate. Limiting solutions for the total diffusion flux at small and large times that cover the entire time interval are found.     

Mesomorphic transitions in a mixture of a flexible and a semi-rigid polymer

Phase studies on a mixture of two polymers are presented, one of which is mesomorphic. We have systematically examined the influence of the molecular weight of the flexible polymer (including the oligomers) and of the semi-flexible polymer. In addition to the effect of the molecular weight, specific interactions are important for compatibility and formation of a homogeneous mesomorphic phase. The nature of this phase is demonstrated to be cholesteric and the pitch is determined.     

Propagation of a burning front over a condensed material from a focus

Measured propagation speeds are given for the combustion front in a blind gap in a condensed substance, which are related to gap height and mean pressure. The front may propagate monotonically, which is characteristic of relatively high pressures and wide gaps, or as a result of additional burning foci arising at a certain distance from the main front. At low pressures and particularly with small gap heights, the front propagates in an unstable fashion over the surface.Moscow. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 49–53, July–August, 1992.     

When is a Beam a Plate?

Formulas associated with simple beam or plate theories are used extensively in structural design, to determine You's modulus, and to determine fracture strength of brittle nonmetallic materials. The question may arise as to whether the proper ratio of beam-width-to-beam-depth is such that the bent structural element can be considered as a beam and, if not, what is the correction factor that should be used with the simple beam formula. These questions are answered for a range of structural metallic and brittle nonmetallic materials.     

Detonation of a Column of a Chemically Active Bubbly Medium in a Liquid

The problem of a detonation wave propagating in a cylindrical column of a chemically active bubbly medium screened by a liquid from the tube walls is formulated and numerically solved within the framework of the Iordanskii–Kogarko two-phase model with allowance for energy dissipation due to acoustic radiation of bubbles. The wave structure of the reaction zone and the detonation velocity of the bubbly medium column are calculated. It is found that the self-sustaining wave can propagate with a velocity greater than the velocity of one-dimensional bubble detonation by a factor of 1.5–2.5.     

Growth of a Bonelike Apatite Layer on a Substrate by a Biomimetic Process

A dense and uniform bonelike apatite layer was formed on a substrate by the following biomimetic method. The substrate was first placed on granular particles of CaO, SiO₂-based glass soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma and then soaked in another fluid highly supersaturated with respect to the apatite. The thickness of the apatite layer increased in proportion to the soaking time in the second solution. The rate of increase in the thickness of the apatite layer increased from 0.5 to 7.0 μm/day with increasing temperature of the second solution from 10° to 60°C, increased from 0.15 to 1.7 μm/day with increasing ion concentrations of the second solution from 0.2 to 1.5 times those of the SBF, and doubled by shaking the second solution. These results indicate that the growth of the apatite layer is controlled by mass transport across the interface between the crystal and the fluid.