铝镁铁三元类水滑石对Cr(VI)的吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了铝镁铁三元类水滑石,考察了该类水滑石对水溶液中Cr(VI)的吸附性能。结果表明:在温度为20℃,初始pH值为7的条件下,吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附平衡时间约为15min,平衡时吸附量为8.37mg/g;吸附量随初始pH值的降低而增大,当初始pH值为2.8时吸附量达到9.55mg/g;吸附量还随着初始质量浓度的增加而增大,但当初始质量浓度超过20mg/L后吸附量反而下降。     

焙烧水滑石对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Mg/Al-CO3水滑石,经焙烧得CLDH,用傅里叶红外光谱仪对物相进行表征;利用水滑石焙烧后在一定条件下可重新吸收水和阴离子,从而部分恢复层状结构的结构记忆效应,考察了不同温度焙烧的水滑石去除铬离子[Cr(Ⅵ)]的性能。实验结果表明,400℃下焙烧的水滑石对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率最高。     

活性炭对Cr(VI)吸附机理的探讨

根据焦作电厂粉煤灰堆放场引起地下水中Cr(VI)污染的实际情况,在实验室里模拟配制水样,使其接近当地地下水中Cr(VI)浓度,进行活性炭对Cr(VI)的吸附试验。对所得的试验数据进行分析,探讨活性炭的吸附机理。这些工作为处理和修复被污染的地下水提供理论依据,此外,还对去除地下水中Cr(VI)提出合理建议。     

离子交换纤维吸附Cr（VI）的热力学研究

采用离子交换纤维对Cr（VI）的吸附性能进行了研究,在温度298～318K和研究的浓度范围内,离子交换纤维对Cr（vi）的吸附平衡数据符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。Freundlich等量吸附焓表明,离子交换纤维对Cr（VI）的吸附是吸热过程,并对吸附焓、自由能、吸附熵进行了计算,并对吸附行为进行了合理解释。     

铝镁铁三元类水滑石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了铝镁铁三元类水滑石,考察了该类水滑石对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.结果表明:在温度为20℃,初始pH值为7的条件下,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附平衡时间约为15 min,平衡时吸附量为8.37mg/g;吸附量随初始pH值的降低而增大,当初始pH值为2.8时吸附量达到9.55mg/g;吸附量还随着初始质量浓度的增加而增大,但当初始质量浓度超过20mg/L后吸附量反而下降.     

聚丙烯酸复合铝改性膨润土制备及其对Cr(VI)的吸附

为改善膨润土对Cr(VI)的吸附性能,用铝、丙烯酸聚合及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性合成聚丙烯酸复合铝改性膨润土。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对天然膨润土和改性膨润土进行表征。结果表明,在25℃、溶液pH=5~6时,0.5 g吸附剂对200 mL浓度为20 mg/L Cr(VI)的平衡吸附量为1.996 mg/g,平衡吸附时间为130 min,且固液分离容易。吸附过程较好地符合Lagergren二级吸附动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程,颗粒状吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附以络合吸附为主。     

钠基膨润土对水中Cr(VI)的等温吸附模型研究

采用批量吸附实验,在初始Cr(VI)浓度5 mg/L、温度298 K、pH为3.5、吸附时间2 h、钠基膨润土量分别为0.1g、0.2 g、0.4 g、0.6 g、0.8 g、1.0 g、1.5 g条件下,研究了钠基膨润土对水中Cr(VI)的吸附行为。结果表明,等温吸附线符合Langmuir及Freundlich模型。吸附过程为优惠吸附,饱和吸附量为0.9995 mg/g。     

Comparison Between the Cr(VI) Adsorption by Hydrotalcite and Hydrotalcite-Gibbsite Compounds

Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions on Mg-Al hydrotalcite and Mg-Al hydrotalcite-gibbsite with Al/(Al+Mg) ratios (R) of 0.3 and 0.6 (MgAlHT_{R = 0.3} and MgAlHTG_{R = 0.6}) was investigated as a function of the pH and chromium concentration. The results showed that the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption by Mg-Al compounds do not depend on the value of R at pH 7. In addition, the chromate equilibrium sorption capacity for MgAlHTG_{R = 0.6} is at least 4.8 times higher than that for MgAlHT_{R = 0.3} at pH 5. The Cr(VI) maximum capacities of MgAlHT_{R = 0.3} and MgAlHTG_{R = 0.6} at pH 7 were similar, 6.5 and 6.8 mgCr(VI)/g, respectively.     

三甲铵型阴离子交换树脂的制备及其对Cr(VI)的吸附性能

用氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯树脂代替传统的氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂,通过与三甲胺反应得到一种新型的三甲铵型强碱性阴离子交换树脂,对该树脂进行了红外光谱表征、元素分析及微孔结构的测定,同时研究了其对Cr(VI)的静态吸附性能. 结果表明,该树脂对Cr(VI)的吸附量随pH的降低而增加,pH=2时最大吸附量达117 mg/g. 吸附过程在实验浓度范围内符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,相关系数分别为0.9988和0.9769. 动力学研究表明,吸附过程符合Boyd液膜扩散方程,相关系数为0.9927. 热力学函数DG0<0,表明该吸附过程为自发过程;DH0=-3648.16 J/mol,说明该吸附过程为放热过程,同时DS0=3.98 J/(K×mol),说明吸附过程熵增加占主导作用. 吸附后用5%的NaOH可以将Cr(VI)洗脱,洗脱率达96%以上.     

焙烧水滑石表面酸碱性质及其吸附性研究

采用尿素法制备了锌-铝水滑石,并通过高温煅烧得到了焙烧水滑石。通过表面酸碱滴定实验进行了材料表面性质研究,并进行了吸附抗生素实验。结果表明,由于焙烧水滑石良好的质子化和脱质子化能力,从而与抗生素表面形成羟基,从而达到很好的吸附效果。     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto a low-cost ceramsite: Preparation,kinetics, and thermodynamics

A novel composite ceramsite derived from bamboo powders and bentonite was developed as adsorbents for waste water treatment. The microstructure, morphology, and thermal properties of ceramsite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and differential thermal analysis. The effect of compositions, sintering temperatures, sintering time, pH, and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the ceramsites were studied. The results revealed that the maximum Cr(VI) removal rate of 99% can be obtained in the ceramsite with weight ratio bamboo to bentonite of 6:4, the annealing temperature of 1000°C, the solution pH 1 and contact time of 12 h. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm analysis revealed that the adsorption process best followed pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was discussed and both chemisorption and physiosorption were proposed as adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI). Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters, including changes in Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy, were studied in detail. The bamboo powder/bentonite composite ceramsite developed in this work is a promising candidate as an effective and economical adsorbent for Cr(VI) ions removal.     

改性高粱秸秆对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

研究了改性高粱秸秆对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,结果表明,改性高粱秸秆对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)具有很好的吸附作用。常温下,用0.15g改性高粱秸秆,对20mL pH为2.5,ρ[Cr(Ⅵ)]为20mg/L的溶液,振荡吸附100 min,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达98.11%。改性高粱秸秆对水溶液中Cr(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程和Langmuir吸附等温方程,说明该吸附过程以单分子层物理吸附为主。     

Adsorption of Cr (VI) Oxyanions onto Modified Wood Pulp

A new adsorbent was prepared from wood pulp (WP) after reaction with epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine in the presence of pyridine and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by the so-prepared wood pulp adsorbent (WP-A) was investigated. Various factors affecting adsorption, such as pH, adsorbent concentration (1–5 g/L), agitation time (5–60 min), and Cr (VI) concentration (50–700), were taken into consideration. The adsorption of Cr (VI) onto (WP-A) was found to be pH-dependent and maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 3. The adsorption data obeyed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q_max) was found to be 588.24 mg/g. Freundlich constants, K_F and n, were found to be 55.03 and 2.835, respectively.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin

Series of resin selection experiments were carried out and the KIP210 strong base anion exchange resin was confirmed to have the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin were investigated completely and systematically. The static experiments were performed to study the effects of various parameters, such as shaking speed, resin dosage and pH during the adsorption process. The results indicate that the effect of external diffusion is eliminated at 160 rpm, the best pH value is 3.0 and the removal percentage of Cr(VI) increases with the increase of the resin dosage. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are ΔH = 26.5 kJ mol⁻¹, ΔS = 126.7 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ and ΔG < 0. It demonstrates that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 is a spontaneously endothermic physisorption process. Moreover, the adsorption process can be described well by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the activation energy is 30.9 kJ mol⁻¹. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The resin is successfully regenerated using the NaOH solutions.     

弱碱性离子交换纤维对六价铬吸附性能的研究

以一种腈纶基弱碱性离子交换纤维为材料,探讨了纤维型式(氯型、氢氧型)对吸附量和再生性能的影响.考察了溶液pH、温度对氯型纤维吸附量的影响,并进行相应的动力学实验.结果表明:转为氯型的纤维吸附与再生性能明显优于相应的氢氧型纤维,该纤维在pH 2～3时吸附性能最好,温度越高吸附量越大.吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2＞0.998),吸跗在30 min内基本达到平衡.纤维对六价铬的吸跗容量可达376 mg·g-1(pH=2,G=300 mg·L-1),明显高于国外商品化的Fiban A-1离子交换纤维(152.9 mg·g-1);且经100次含铬电镀废水吸附再生循环后,六价铬去除率与纤维质量基本保持不变.