带刚臂的两节点精确悬链线索元的非线性分析

为解决应用悬链线索元时锚固点的刚性连接问题,在应用悬链线基本方程导出的两节点悬链线索元的切线刚度矩阵基础上,推导出两端带任意刚臂的两节点精确悬链线索元的切线刚度矩阵显式表达式,并且分析了考虑索元初次张拉和成形使用两种条件下切线刚度矩阵的迭代求解技术。分析和算例表明,应用两端带任意刚臂的两节点精确悬链线索元可以很好地解决前述问题,且其有限元分析格式与不带刚臂的悬链线索元完全一致,而且当索元不带刚臂时该切线刚度矩阵可自动转化为相应的刚度矩阵,实用价值较强。     

Beam element matrices derived from Vlasov's theory of open thin-walled elastic beams

A uniform beam element of open thin-walled cross-section is studied under stationary harmonic end excitation. An exact dynamic (transcendentally frequency-dependent) 14 × 14 element stiffness matrix is derived from Vlasov's coupled differential equations. Special attention is paid to the computational problems arising when coefficients vanish in these equations because of symmetric cross-section, zero warping stiffness, etc. The dynamic element stiffness matrix is established via a generalized linear eigenvalue problem and a system of linear algebraic equations with complex matrices. A static stiffness matrix is also derived and the associated consistent mass and geometric stiffness matrices are given. Modal masses are evaluated. A FORTRAN program and a numerical example are included.     

索的非线性有限元与调索方法研究

介绍了索单元几何非线性刚度的各种模拟方法并进行了评述,采用悬链线理论推导了一种新的柔性索单元切线刚度矩阵及单根柔索的各种非线性计算公式,用变形后线密度q的回代来反应弹性伸长和温度的影响,概念清晰、公式简洁、迭代效率高;还介绍了用增量调索法、绝对索力调索法、无应力索长调索法进行索单元张力的施加及调整的原理,而无应力索长并配合螺母旋转角度调索法可实现任意次序调索,操作性强、效率高、精度好。     

A perturbation method for finite element modeling of piezoelectric vibrations in quartz plate resonators

When the piezoelectric stiffening matrix is added to the mechanical stiffness matrix of a finite element model, its sparse matrix structure is destroyed. A direct consequence of this loss in sparseness is a significant rise in memory and computational time requirements for the model. For weakly coupled piezoelectric materials, the matrix sparseness can be retained by a perturbation method which separates the mechanical eigenvalue solution from its piezoelectric effects. Using this approach, a perturbation and finite element scheme for weakly coupled piezoelectric vibrations in quartz plate resonators has been developed. Finite-element matrix equations were derived specifically for third-overtone thickness-shear, SC-cut quartz plate resonators with electrode platings. High-frequency piezoelectric plate equations were employed in the formulation of the finite element matrix equation. Results from the perturbation method compared well with the direct solution of the piezoelectric finite element equations. This method will result in significant savings in the computer memory and computational time. Resonance and antiresonance frequencies of a certain mode could be calculated easily by using the same eigenpair from the purely mechanical stiffness matrix. Numerical results for straight crested waves in a third overtone SC-cut quartz strip with and without electrodes are presented. The steady-state response to an electrical excitation is calculated.     

预应力结构非线性分析的索单元理论

本文将预应力结构中的张拉索处理为具有两个铰接节点的索单元,导出了索单元中总分布荷载的表达式和索的大位移增量刚度矩阵以及索元的一致质量矩阵,基于虚功原理建立了索元的静动力非线性平衡方程。应用本文理论可以分析拉索预应力结构的静力非线性问题、基本动力特性及非线性动力反应过程,可以跟踪不同的预应力张拉次序和过程。算例表明:本文方法具有较高的计算精度。     

两节点曲线索单元精细分析的非线性有限元法

从UL列式的虚功增量方程出发,引入索的基本假定,推导出了两节点曲线索单元切线刚度矩阵的显式;同时根据索的特性还导出了精确计算索单元索端力的表达式,从而建立起了一套完整的对拉索进行精细分析的非线性有限元法。应用本文方法,可进行大跨度悬索桥、斜拉桥以及张拉结构等的非线性有限元分析计算。算例结果表明,本文方法是精确有效的。     

索杆梁耦合结构分析模型及其应用研究

为了研究索杆滑动连接特性对索杆梁耦合结构受力的影响,定义了由一个通过滑动节点连接的三节点活动滑移索单元和多个两节点非活动滑移索单元组成的单元组,基于更新拉格朗日法推导了三节点直线型滑索单元几何非线性刚度矩阵,并建立了输电线路索杆梁耦合结构有限元模型。通过高压架空输电线路耐张段的非线性静力调索分析验证了耦合结构模型的可行性,探讨了耦合结构在导线发生断裂失效后的动响应变化规律及其传播特性。计算结果表明,导线静态张力与规范设计参数相差较小,可用于后续分析。考虑滑移的导线张力在导线断裂初期有短暂增加的趋势。导线断裂对邻近绝缘子和铁塔横担杆件的受力有明显的影响,且动响应的传播会导致邻近塔的导线张力增加。     

低张力缆索有限元模型及其应用

为准确计算缆索在低张力时的运动状态,该文考虑缆索低张力状态时的拉伸刚度、弯曲刚度和扭转刚度,建立了一种适用于低张力缆索的三维有限元模型。首先基于细长杆理论推导了缆索的动力学微分方程,接着以三次样条曲线为试函数,运用Galerkin加权残值法导出了单元刚度矩阵,最后对其进行组合建立了缆索的整体矩阵方程,并采用Matlab编写了求解程序。将其应用于实例中,所得结果与实验结果相一致。研究成果为拖曳缆、系泊缆、潜行器脐带缆等海洋缆索的运动分析与设计提供了理论依据。     

滑移索结构分析的精确三维有限元法

针对现有滑移索结构分析方法适用范围有限、精度不高的缺点,提出了一种通用、高精度的三维滑移索单元法。基于悬链线理论和Euler-Eytelwein公式,同时考虑了温度效应和滑动摩擦,分别建立了已知单元无应力索长和已知张拉力的三维滑移索单元的基本方程组;利用矩阵微分从单元基本方程组导出了单元的切线刚度矩阵;建立了滑移索结构从张拉到后期加载的全过程精细化分析流程,可实现自动调用建立的各类索单元,准确分析各滑移点的摩擦;通过3个算例的计算及与现有理论解、数值解和试验结果的比较来验证该文所提出方法的可靠性和有效性。结果表明,该文提出的三维有限元法准确可靠,计算效率较高,适用于工程中各种滑移索结构的高精度非线性分析。     

液化场地中Timoshenko桩自由振动与屈曲的精确数值解

基于单桩的Timoshenko梁模型和桩-土相互作用的Winkler模型,建立考虑轴力效应的具有分布参数的Timoshenko梁模型微分控制方程,确定对应的齐次方程的通解,并以此作为有限单元的基函数。推导得精确形函数矩阵,建立分布参数Timoshenko梁的精确有限单元,根据拉格朗日方程得到有限元离散方程和单元刚度矩阵、几何刚度矩阵和一致质量矩阵。应用建立的精确Timoshenko梁单元于分层液化土中单桩-土-结构系统的自由振动与屈曲模态分析,通过与对应解析解以及常规有限元解的对比,表明精确Timoshenko桩基础单元的可靠性与较常规有限元法的优势。     

索穹顶结构非线性分析的杆索有限元法

索穹顶结构是大变形柔性组合结构，其受力分析属于几何非线性问题，求解较复杂。本文应用有限元法，结合索穹顶结构特征，提出三节点等参数索单元与两节点杆单元相结合的混合有限元模式。基于Lagrangian坐标描述法和虚功原理推导了空间拉索和杆单元的大位移刚度矩阵，并建立了索穹顶结构非线性分析的增量平衡方程，利用NewtonRaphson法进行了实例计算。结果表明，本文方法精度很高，适合于索穹顶结构的空间非线性分析。     

《薄壁Timoshenko梁弯扭耦合振动的动态有限元法》

通过直接求解单对称均匀薄壁Timoshenko梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动微分方程,推导了其精确的动态刚度矩阵。在本文研究中考虑了弯扭耦合、翘曲刚度、转动惯量和剪切变形的影响。针对某弯扭耦合的薄壁梁算例,应用本文推导的动态刚度矩阵,采用自动Muller法和结合频率扫描法的二分法求解频率特征方程,计算了该薄壁梁的固有特性,并讨论了翘曲刚度、剪切变形和转动惯量对该弯扭耦合薄壁梁的固有频率和模态形状的影响。数值结果验证了本文方法的精确性和有效性,并指出随着模态阶次的增加,剪切变形、转动惯量和翘曲刚度对薄壁梁的固有特性的影响更加显著。     

带有加强筋的Mindlin板动态刚度阵法

以加筋中厚矩形板为研究对象，推导了加筋板的动态刚度阵，为动态刚度阵法提供一种新单元。板的运动微分方程由Mindlin厚板理论给出，同时还考虑了板平面内的振动。对于板上加强筋的处理，则通过Hamilton原理对板的运动方程作相应的修正，最终得到加筋板的运动微分方程。而方程的解析解直接用于单元刚度阵的推导，所得加筋板单元的动态刚度阵结合传统有限元方法的单元组装和求解方法即可用于计算整个结构的动力响应。此外，还给出了加筋板单元的均方响应计算公式，可用来计算结构的平均振动能量。最后通过数值算例验证本文方法，计算结果与传统有限元方法进行分析比较。     

深海系泊系统模态分析

该文考虑深水系缆的拉伸和弯曲变形,取正交坐标和切向量描述任意结点的6个广义位移,考虑缆变形的几何非线性和水动力影响,基于细长杆理论推导缆索的单元刚度矩阵,得到12×12的非线性刚度矩阵,实现了该文单元与有限元软件的调用对接。针对水深318m的Spar平台,四根缆定位,计算了系泊系统固有频率和模态以及系泊缆群的张力响应。计算结果表明:该文单元刚度矩阵能够反映深海系泊缆的动力响应特性。     

悬索结构振动分析的悬链线索元法

本文介绍了由悬链线基本关系构造的悬链线索元刚度矩阵的迭代方法,对于索中张力己知原长未知的情况给出了确定悬索原长的线性搜索算法。文中建立了悬索绕平衡位置振动的动力学方程并通过香港青马大桥主索的分析计算与相应测试结果对比对本文方法作了验证。该方法优于现有的抛物线类索元方法,在悬索结构分析中具有一定的实用价值。     

非对称Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁的弯扭耦合振动

通过直接求解均匀Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁单元自由振动的控制运动微分方程,推导了其精确的动态传递矩阵。采用Bernoulli-Euler弯扭耦合梁理论,假定梁横截面没有任何对称性,考虑了薄壁梁在两个方向的弯曲振动及翘曲刚度的影响。动态传递矩阵可以用于计算非对称薄壁梁及其集合体的精确固有频率和模态形状。针对具体的算例,给出了各种边界条件下固有频率的数值结果并与文献中已有的结果进行了比较,还讨论了翘曲刚度对固有频率和模态形状的影响,结果表明如果忽略翘曲刚度的影响,可能得到毫无意义的结果。     

GEOMETRICALLY NON-LINEAR AND ELASTOPLASTIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHEAR FLEXIBLE BEAM ELEMENT OF VON-MISES-TYPE HARDENING MATERIAL

A three-dimensional elastoplastic beam element being capable of incorporating large displacement and large rotation is developed and examined. Elastoplastic constitutive equations are applied to the beam element based upon the assumption of small deformational strain leading to a material formulation which is completely objective for the application of stress update procedures. The continuum-type equations of plastic model of J₂ mixed hardening are transformed into the beam equations by satisfying beam hypotheses. An effective stress update algorithm is proposed to integrate elastoplastic rate equations by means of the so-called multistep method which is a method of successive control of residuals on yield surfaces. It avoids severe divergence when the displacement increments become large which is usual for the continuation methods. Material tangent stiffness matrix is derived by using consistent elastoplastic modulus resulting from the integration algorithm and is combined with geometric tangent stiffness matrix. Different from other elements, the present element is shear flexible and can satisfy the plasticity condition in a pointwise fashion. A great number of numerical examples are analysed and compared with the literature. The proposed beam element is verified to be not only quite accurate but also very effective for the analyses of pre-buckling and large deflection collapse of spatial framed structures.     

Hygrothermal effects on the buckling of laminated composite plates

The effects of moisture and temperature on the static instability of laminated composite plates are investigated. The analysis is carried out by the finite element method using a quadratic isoparametric element which takes transverse shear deformation into account. The conventional finite element formulation is modified to include hygrothermal effects. The stiffness matrix, geometric stiffness matrix due to residual stresses, geometric stiffness matrix due to applied in-plane loads and load vector of the element are derived based upon the principle of minimum potential energy. The analysis accounts for reduced lamina material properties at elevated moisture concentrations and temperatures. Critical loads are obtained for symmetric and anti-symmetric laminates with simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions at different moisture concentrations and temperatures. Their dependence on moisture and temperature is studied. The effects of aspect ratio and side-to-thickness ratio on the critical loads are also considered. Mode shapes are verified in a few cases for anti-symmetric cross-ply laminate.     

Large displacement analysis of thin-walled beams with generic open section

A finite element formulation for geometric non-linear analysis of elastic straight thin-walled beams is presented. The updated Lagrangian procedure is used for a stiffness matrix derivation-to analyse large displacements or buckling behaviour of space frames. The stiffness matrix is developed for a generic cross-section and is equally efficient for symmetric, monosymmetric or asymmetric open sections. Some non-linear strain terms usually neglected in the literature have been considered, resulting in a formulation which also includes the initial bimoment and torsion effect for all cross-sections analysed. The proposed method has been implemented and the results of sample problems are presented.     

弹性膜结构几何非线性分析的刚体准则法

提出了一种新型弹性空间膜结构几何非线性分析方法。根据刚体准则的思想，初始受力平衡的单元在经历刚体位移后，其单元结点力方向随单元发生转动而大小不变，单元仍保持平衡。建立了新型三角形空间膜单元，该膜单元由三根空间杆件组成铰接三角形，并在中间张拉薄膜而成，杆件的材料与薄膜相同。所建立的空间膜单元的整体位形由杆单元空间铰接三角形确定，而膜单元的有限弹性变形由内部张拉的薄膜变形确定。由满足刚体准则的杆单元几何刚度矩阵推导了空间膜单元的几何刚度矩阵。根据刚体准则思想，认为膜单元在变形过程中，其刚体位移对其整体变形的贡献较大，而单元的弹性变形贡献较小。采用更新的拉格朗日格式的增量迭代法，在分析的每个阶段充分考虑刚体转动效应，利用小变形线性化理论处理自然变形的剩余效应。该方法几何刚度矩阵推导简单，无需引入对单元大变形的人为假定，可容易地退化为平面膜单元，增量迭代计算过程充分考虑刚体准则，对若干典型空间膜结构算例的分析及与已有方法的比较，验证了所建单元与方法的准确性以及计算效率。