高碳钢基体退镀工艺

1　概述镀镍 铬金属层 ,在高碳钢材料的保护方面应用十分广泛。不合格镀层约占 3%～ 8% ,需要及时退除 ,否则 ,影响基体防腐能力或产品的装饰性能 ,降低产品的合格率。目前 ,由于诸多原因 ,高碳钢基体上不合格镀层的退除以化学法为主 ,该法工艺简单 ,但操作环境恶劣 ,污染严重。电解法能够保证高碳钢基体的退镀效果 ,而且克服化学法退镀的众多弊病。2　电解退镀我们运用了电化学、精细化工等多门类、多学科知识 ,参阅大量国内外有关文献 ,开发研制成功ＪＳ986系列高碳钢基体电解退镀添加剂。该添加剂经小试、中试后 ,已应用于退镀生产线 ,…     

装饰镀铬层退镀工艺探讨

装饰镀铬层退镀工艺一直是生产难题之一.近几年,人们从添加剂和机理方面深入研究,出现了较先进的退镀工艺,特别铜—镍(或镍铁)—铬一次性退镀的工艺已有所进展.本文就退镀的基本原理及实用工艺作一粗试的探讨.一、退镀的原理与工艺选择1.退镀的基本过程退镀可分用化学和电解两种方法.化学退镀的实质是利用有氧化活性的氧化剂将退镀金属氧化为金属离子,络合剂将游离金属离子络合,以降低界面及溶液本体中的金属离子,从而维持一定的化学势,使界面反应进行,在镀层退除并露出基体金属时,缓蚀剂以某种形式吸     

镍铁合金套铬镀件的退铬补镀新工艺

一、前言 Ni-Fe/Cr铁件,是以镍铁合金为底层,再在其表面套铬的一种装饰性电镀产品。由于镍铁合金的优良特性,这种电镀工艺得到了应泛应用。但是,由于某些因素的影响(如电流,温度及溶液等)会造成或多或少的不合格镀件是难以避免的。如何挽救这些不合格品呢?按照一般方法,是将铬表层在盐酸溶液中退除,此后或在硝酸溶液中,或在乙二胺溶液中,或在电解条件下将镍铁镀层去除(或剥离),再经重新抛光、电镀、重复前次电镀工艺流程,借以挽救那些不合格品。这样一来,无论在人力上,还是在物力上,消耗都是惊人的;同时对环境的污染也是严重的,尤其是硝酸退镍过程中所产生的氮氧化物以及乙二胺气味对人体有危害。     

响应面优化酶法提取紫菜多糖工艺研究

利用纤维素酶辅助提取紫菜多糖,以酶添加量、提取温度、提取时间和pH作为响应面设计的变量.结果表明,纤维素酶辅助提取紫菜多糖的优化工艺条件为：酶添加量1.5％,提取温度51℃,pH 5.0,提取时间为80 min,在此条件下,多糖得率为19.46％.     

电镀挂具退镀液的研究进展

结合电镀挂具的结构特点,从金属镀层退除的化学基础、退镀原理、现有退镀工艺等方面对目前国内外退镀液的研究与应用现状进行综述,指出退镀液的发展方向.     

从镍,铜退镀废液中回收硫酸镍的工艺研究

实验证明用湿法新工艺可成功地从镍、铜退镀废液中回收硫酸镍。     

响应面法优化文冠果油脱色工艺的研究

探讨了文冠果油用复合脱色剂（活性白土／活性炭）脱色的工艺条件。在单因素实验的基础上。以脱色温度、脱色时间、脱色剂用量和搅拌速率为自变量,脱色率为响应值,采用Box,Behnken实验设计方法,考察各、变量及其交互作用对脱色率的影响,利用Design Expert软件模拟得到回归方程的预测模型。确定丈冠果油的最佳脱色条件为：脱色温度50℃、脱色时间31min、脱色剂用量4％、搅拌速率19r·min^-1,在此条件下,脱色率为90．38％。     

响应面法优化磁性固体碱催化废弃聚酯醇解的工艺

摘要：以获取磁性固体碱催化剂制备的最佳工艺条件为目的。设计催化剂前驱体摩尔比（nFe3O4：nNi（AC）2）,反应时间,煅烧时间,煅烧温度的四因素三水平的Box—Behnken实验,以催化降解聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）所得的单体对苯二甲酸二乙二醇酯（BHET）为响应值,并对催化降解反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量进行考察。结果表明,实验数据建立的二次多项式数学模型显著性极高（P< 0.0001）,各因子最优值:催化剂前驱体摩尔比为1: 3.94,反应时间1.67h,催化剂煅烧时间2.01h为,煅烧温度为600℃;催化反应的最佳工艺是：反应温度195℃,反应时间4h,催化剂用量为2.0%。采用XRD,BET和SEM对催化剂进行表征,采用IR,MS表征降解产物,证实得到是BHET。     

响应面法优化废旧PET催化醇解工艺

常压下采用催化剂一步醇解废旧聚酯(PET)工艺制备聚酯多元醇,并采用物理发泡方式用该聚酯多元醇制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,达到废旧PET的循环利用。以催化醇解得到聚酯多元醇的羟值、酸值和黏度为指标,筛选催化剂用量、醇解剂用量和醇解时间为主要因素,通过响应面法优化得到催化醇解废旧PET的最佳工艺条件,即:质量分数0.3%(占PET的质量,下同)的Sb2O3作为解聚的催化剂、质量分数100%的二甘醇为醇解剂,醇解反应时间为2.5 h,通过实验验证表明该条件可靠,实际得到的聚酯多元醇羟值503.9 mgKOH/g,酸值2.4 mgKOH/g,室温黏度1310 mPa·s,以该聚酯多元醇为原料制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的导热系数为0.02～0.03 W/(m·K),密度为40～50 kg/m3,表明通过该方法实现废旧PET的循环利用是可行的,并提高了其循环利用价值。     

Optimization of Food Waste Bioevaporation Process Using Response Surface Methodology

A proven bioevaporation process was used to treat food waste (FW) by mixing ground FW with biodried sludge (BS). Organic loading (OL), moisture content (MC), and air flow rate (Q_g) showed significant influences on FW bioevaporation performance. Single-parameter experiments for MC and Q_g were conducted and ranges were determined to be 55–67 wt% and 0.04–0.14 m³/kg TS_mixture · h, respectively. In order to optimize the FW bioevaporation process, a central composite design (CCD) and response surface method (RSM) were applied over the preselected ranges of OL (0.00–0.16 kg VS_FW/kg TS_BS), MC (50.91–71.09 wt%), and Q_g (0.01–0.17 m³/kg TS_mixture · h). The results indicated that OL of 0.06 kg VS_FW/kg TS_BS, MC of 59.2 wt%, and Q_g of 0.09 m³/kg TS_mixture · h were the optimal conditions for the FW bioevaporation process. Water evaporation of 123.1% and VS degradation of 108.4% were obtained under these estimated optimal conditions.     

响应面法优化制备PLA/木薯厌氧渣复合材料

选取机械球磨时间、机械球磨温度、模压时间三个变量进行Box-Benhnken实验,运用响应面法对聚乳酸(PLA)/木薯厌氧渣复合材料的制备工艺参数进行优化,得到各响应值与实验因素之间的数学关系模型,以及各因素对响应值的交互影响,确定PLA/木薯厌氧渣复合材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度达最优值时,其工艺条件为:模压时间为5.99 min,机械球磨温度为59.01℃,机械球磨时间为33.42 min。在该工艺条件下制得的复合材料,其拉伸强度为44.125 6 MPa,弯曲强度为66.83 MPa。     

响应面法优化达托霉素发酵培养基的研究

通过Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡设计与响应面设计,对达托霉素发酵培养基进行了优化,并使用Design expert 7.0软件对实验结果进行分析.结果表明,培养基各成分中影响达托霉素产量的主要因素是糊精、可溶性淀粉和L-天冬氨酸,其最佳浓度分别为7.0g·L-1、6.66 g·L-1、0.4g·L-1,在此条件下,达托霉素的产量达到185.3 mg· L-1,较优化前提高了73.7％.     

Optimization of Epoxidized Methyl Acetoricinoleate Synthesis by Response Surface Methodology

Epoxidized methyl acetoricinoleate (EMAR) was generated by epoxidation of methyl acetoricinoleate (MAR) in the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide by using ionic liquids as catalysts, and the product was characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The efficiencies of four different catalysts, 1‐methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate salt ([Hmim]HSO₄), 1‐methylpyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate salt ([Hnmp]HSO₄), phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid, were compared. The effects of the formic acid/MAR molar ratio, hydrogen peroxide/MAR molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dosage on the epoxy value of EMAR were investigated by single‐factor experiments.     

响应曲面优化粗锡真空蒸馏

采用响应曲面法优化粗锡真空蒸馏工艺,研究了蒸馏温度、保温时间和原料质量对粗锡真空蒸馏提纯效果的影响. 结果表明,蒸馏温度和保温时间对粗锡真空蒸馏影响较大,原料质量的影响较小,蒸馏温度1350~1400℃、保温时间40~60 min时可有效去除粗锡中杂质. 以97.4185%的粗锡为原料,在蒸馏温度1400℃、保温60 min的条件下,锡纯度达99.8752%,含0.012% Pb, 0.045% Sb, 0.0005% Bi和0.0005% As,Fe和Cu含量无变化,Sn直收率达99.89%.     

Optimization of Selective Lipase-Catalyzed Feruloylated Monoacylglycerols by Response Surface Methodology

The use of solvent engineering to achieve selective enzymatic synthesis of feruloylated acylglycerols during the transesterification of ethyl ferulate with TAG was investigated. Novozym 435 catalyzed transesterification of ethyl ferulate and TAG resulted in a mixture of feruloylated monoacylglycerols (FMAG) and feruloylated diacylglycerols (FDAG). These feruloylated acylglycerols have recently received much attention because of their health benefits, antioxidant properties and UV absorption. However, FMAG in a pure form is more advantageous than the FMAG–FDAG mixture in exhibiting stabilizing, emulsifying and conditioning properties. Thus, it is significant to perform efficient selectivity in the synthetic process. In this present study, the effect of various solvent mixtures, including unitary, binary and ternary organic media selective enzymatic synthesis of feruloylated acylglycerols was investigated by response surface methodology. Selectivity towards FMAG substantially increased from 14.5% in the unitary solvent n-hexane to 94.2% in the binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B) and toluene (1:1, v/v). The maximum conversion achieved was 75.4% in this binary mixture medium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that 99.6% of the observed variation was explained by the polynomial model. Lack of fit analysis indicated that the regress equation was adequate for predicting the degree of the selectivity.     

响应面优化法研究果糖苯酚树脂胶黏剂的合成

以果糖代替甲醛,在碱性条件下合成了果糖苯酚树脂胶黏剂。用响应面优化法对果糖苯酚树脂的合成条件进行了优化。以树脂黏度为考察指标,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合设计原理对实验进行设计和结果分析。用响应面优化法研究了温度、时间和催化剂用量对反应的联合影响,得出最佳工艺条件为:反应温度72.36℃,反应时间6.96h,催化剂用量7.98%。在此条件下,树脂的黏度为27.67s。同时用红外光谱(IR)对树脂结构进行了分析。     

响应面法分析优化苯与乙烯的烷基化反应

对改性β-分子筛催化的苯与乙烯的烷基化反应的工艺条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验确定了反应温度、空速、乙烯与苯的摩尔比的取值范围,并用响应面法(Box-Behnken设计法)确定最佳工艺参数为:反应温度154℃,空速2h-1,乙烯与苯的摩尔比1∶3。在此条件下,苯的转化率达到56.274%、乙苯的选择性达到86.592%。     

响应面法稳定性二氧化氯制备的优化

以过氧化氢法制备二氧化氯工艺为基础,提出以过氧化氢、复合催化剂构成复合还原剂制备稳定性二氧化氯消毒剂的方法。通过分析单因素的影响,以二氧化氯产率为响应值,采用响应面试验设计方法对复合还原剂法制备稳定性二氧化氯工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:反应温度64℃、反应酸度5.3 mol/L、复合催化剂中A含量比0.66条件下,可制得二氧化氯产率为94.77%。