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在不同原料配比、酸碱度、陈化时间和陈化温度下,通过Fe(NO3)3·9H2O沉淀合成了不同的针铁矿-生物炭复合物(GBC),对未修正生物炭及其复合产物进行了扫描电镜、红外光谱和X-射线衍射表征,最后选用吸附效果较好的针铁矿-生物炭复合物进行汞砷吸附试验。结果表明,原生物炭样品为黑色颗粒物,经针铁矿复合后变为褐黑色状态并且表面覆盖一层柱状或针状物。FT-IR光谱在3 125、1 465、803、782、640 cm-1处出现几个与针铁矿有关的吸收峰。XRD图谱中出现与针铁矿特征峰相符的`几个衍射峰,其中不同原料配比、不同酸碱度制备的复合物XRD图谱相差较大,而不同陈化温度和陈化时间下制备的复合物XRD图谱无明显差异。按照金属吸附实验结果,汞和砷吸附效率最高的针铁矿-生物炭复合物的制备条件可确定为:m(生物炭)∶m(Fe(NO3)3·9H2O)=1∶6、pH>7、陈化温度40℃、陈化时间40 h。 相似文献
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采用水解中和法制备了针铁矿,研究了海水中的无机阴离子Cl-、Br-、F-、SO42-和HCO3-对针铁矿吸附磷的影响。结果表明:当存在SO42-、Cl-、Br-和F-时,针铁矿吸附低浓度磷酸盐受到抑制,吸附高浓度磷酸盐时得到促进;而HCO3-对针铁矿吸附磷有着很强的抑制能力;全部组分的主要无机阴离子共同存在时,针铁矿吸附磷受到抑制,酸性条件下的吸附量高于碱性条件。 相似文献
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采用盆栽培育土壤的方式,通过修正的Tessier连续提取法(七步法)研究了N、P和K肥对外源Cd、Pb污染土壤重金属赋存形态的影响。结果表明,无论是原土还是添加外源性Cd、Pb的污染土壤,Pb基本被固定在残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态,在外源Cd、Pb污染土壤中添加肥料可降低Pb的铁锰氧化物结合态等较稳定形态的赋存比例,提高生物可利用态的百分比,促进Pb向植物体系的迁移。原土中的Cd大部分处于生物可利用态,当外源性Cd污染进入土壤,离子交换态进一步增加,且土壤中Cd的浓度越大离子交换态所占的百分比越高。向中低浓度的Cd污染土加入肥料可增加离子交换态的赋存比例,提高土壤中Cd的活性;对更高浓度的Cd污染土,离子交换态已基本饱和,加入肥料对Cd的形态分布未有显著影响。添加肥料可促进土壤中外源性重金属Cd和Pb向植物体系迁移,为植物修复重金属污染土壤提供技术支持。 相似文献
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硝酸改性花生壳对Pb2+的吸附研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以花生壳为原料、HNO3为改性剂,对花生壳进行改性制备吸附剂,并研究了其吸附水中Pb2 的性能.结果表明,在2.0 g花生壳中加入体积分数为10%的HNO3溶液25 mL、控制温度80℃、搅拌3 h,得到改性的花生壳;用此改性花生壳吸附Pb2 的最佳条件为:0.20 g改性花生壳、97.5 mg·L-1的Pb2 溶液25 mL、pH值5.0、搅拌吸附60 min,在此条件下吸附率可达97%;吸附后的花生壳用0.5 mol·L-1的HCl溶液再生,重复使用2次对Pb2 的吸附率在92%以上;同时,比较了改性花生壳和未改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附性能,未改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附率为87%,改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附率为96%,通过HNO3改性使花生壳的吸附性能得到提高. 相似文献
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以粉末凹凸棒土为原料制备了颗粒状凹凸棒土,并采用高温煅烧使增大机械强度和活化一步完成.考察了煅烧温度对颗粒凹土晶相结构、形貌、比表面积和孔容以及吸附富集水中pb2性能的影响,结果表明:适当提高煅烧温度,可以增大颗粒凹土的孔体积并提高吸附去除pb2的性能,但使其比表面积减小、晶相结构破坏;凹土颗粒通过中和沉淀、表面吸附、离子交换吸附和过滤截留等作用吸附富集水中的pb2;当进水中pb2浓度为20 mg/L时,凹土颗粒吸附柱的穿透时间和吸附饱和时间分别为80 h和160 h.饱和时凹土颗粒中铅含量达到了14.23%,可通过选矿和冶炼工艺对其中的铅加以回收. 相似文献
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谷壳对水中铜镉离子的生物吸附研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了农业副产物谷壳对水中Cu2+、Cd2+的生物吸附过程及其影响因素,以间歇实验的方式考察了吸附时间、溶液初始pH值、谷壳用量、谷壳粒径、吸附温度、金属离子初始浓度等物化参数对吸附过程的影响,研究了其吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明谷壳对Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附均符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模式,都遵循拟二级动力学模型。利用谷壳做生物吸附剂去除废水中重金属离子,既是对农作物副产物的合理利用,也是重金属废水净化的一种有效方法,谷壳有望成为一种低成本有效、效果好的净化重金属废水的新型生物吸附剂。 相似文献
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Metal ion contamination of drinking water and waste water, especially with heavy metal ion such as lead, is a serious and ongoing problem. In this work, activated carbon prepared from peanut shell (PAC) was used for the removal of Pb2 from aqueous solution. The impacts of the Pb2 adsorption capacities of the acid-modified carbons oxidized with HNO3 were also investigated. The surface functional groups of PAC were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Boehm titration. The textural properties (surface area, total pore volume) were evaluated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77K. The experimental results presented indicated that the adsorption data fitted better with the Langmuir adsorption model. A comparative study with a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) showed that PAC was 10.3 times more efficient compared to GAC based on Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity. Further analysis results by the Langmuir equation showed that HNO3 [20% (by mass)] modified PAC has larger adsorption capacity of Pb2 from aqueous solution (as much as 35.5mg.g1). The adsorption capacity enhancement ascribed to pore widening, increased cation-exchange capacity by oxygen groups, and the promoted hydrophilicity of the carbon surface. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(2):277-287
Competitive adsorption of Ag+, Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cd2 ions on vermiuculite in a binary, ternary, and quaternary mixture was investigated in batch experiments. The effects of the presence of Ag+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ ions on the adsorption of Pb2+ ions were investigated in terms of the equilibrium isotherm. Experimental results indicated that Pb2+ ions always favorably adsorbed on vermiculite over Ag+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ ions. The adsorption equilibrium data of Pb2+ ions better fitted the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was in good agreement with the experimental results for all metal ions, and the adsorption rate among the metal ions followed Ag+ > Pb2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+. The desorption and regenration study indicated that vermiculite can be used repeatedly and be suitable for the design of a continuous process. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(16):2539-2548
S-doped TiO2 as a novel adsorbent for Cu2+ cations removal from aqueous solutions was synthesized by simple sol-gel process. Removal of Cu2+ cations from aqueous solutions was investigated with particular reference to the effects of initial Cu2+ cations concentration, pH-value, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on adsorption. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity was 96.35 mg g?1 at 328 K. The adsorption equilibrium isotherms and the kinetic data were well described by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The high uptake capability of S-doped TiO2 makes it a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal pollutants from aqueous solution. 相似文献
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A novel activated carbon‐chitosan complex adsorbent (ACCA) was prepared via the crosslinking of glutaraldehyde and activated carbon‐(NH2‐protected) chitosan complex under microwave irradiation. The surface morphology of this adsorbent was characterized. The adsorption of ACCA for Pb2+ and Cd2+ was investigated. The results demonstrate that ACCA has higher adsorption capacity than chitosan. The adsorption follows pseudo first‐order kinetics. The isotherm adsorption equilibria are better described by Freundlich and Dubinin‐Radushkevich isotherms than by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorbent can be recycled. These results have important implications for the design of low‐cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters. 相似文献
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粉煤灰及膨润土对Ni^2+,Zn^2+,Cd^2+,Pb^2+的吸附研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了粉煤灰和膨润土对溶液中有毒重金属离子Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力。动态吸附试验显示,吸附过程是快速的。试验结果表明:粉煤灰对Zn~(2 )的吸附能力和膨润土相当,对Ni~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附能力均大于膨润土。平衡吸附模型说明在高浓度下,Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在粉煤灰中,Ni~(2 )、Pd~(2 )在膨润土中的吸附符合Langmuir模式。试验还表明:随着吸附剂中Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd含量增加,粉煤灰和膨润土对Ni~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Pb~(2 )、Cd~(2 )的吸附百分率下降。 相似文献
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水体中存在Cd2+会危害人体健康,Cd2+污染的去除是一个需要解决的问题。以羟基磷灰石(HAP)和低成本的木醋液(WV)为原料,通过水浴搅拌制备了木醋液改性羟基磷灰石(WV-HAP),并将其应用于去除溶液中Cd2+的研究。利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET对WV-HAP进行了表征,通过吸附试验探究溶液初始pH、初始离子浓度、接触时间和温度对WV-HAP对Cd2+吸附特性的影响。结果表明:在吸附剂添加量2 g/L、温度298 K、Cd2+初始浓度100 mg/L、pH=5、吸附时间4 h时,WV-HAP的平衡吸附容量为46.43 mg/g;WV-HAP对Cd2+的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型;热力学研究表明吸附过程是吸热的;通过对吸附Cd2+前后的WV-HAP进行表征,发现吸附机制主要是表面吸附、孔道吸附和离子交换。WV-HAP表现出优于HAP的对溶液中Cd2+的吸附能力,是一种潜在的Cd2+吸附材料。 相似文献