苏北盆地中层地下水化学成分的起源和演化规律

本文首先指出苏北盆地中层地下水化学成份的一般分布特征。其次根据特征系数、沉积物浸出液主要成份,水中主要成份的稀释曲线以及弱透水层对半咸水、咸水入渗的影响,指出该区中深层微成水水质演化系受石盐的的溶解及少量残留咸水的混合,浅层咸水是同生沉积形成。西部的微咸水为咸水入渗的混合,并受到后期的淡化,北部咸水楔形体是富钙的海水入侵形成,较深的半咸水是咸化的残留海水形成。     

龙固矿区深层地下水资源量预计研究

针对于龙固井田深层开采的实际,本文采用"大井法"计算了该矿的拟建水源地的可采资源量,计算结果发现,该矿在水源地服务年限为50年、深层淡水(微咸水)水位允许下降至埋深150m时,计算深层淡水可采资源量为10390.79m3/d。进而提出对深层淡水资源的开发利用应坚持"节制、节约"的原则,在满足供水要求的情况下,尽量少的开采深层淡水资源,在用水过程中,要大力提倡节约用水,将有限的水资源充分为国民经济的发展服务。     

苦咸水、海水在国内外矿业中的应用

矿业开发面临缺水挑战,但国内外很多地区有丰富的咸水(苦咸水和海水)资源可加以利用。本文介绍了苦咸水和海水的性质,以及在国内外矿山使用现状,说明国内仅有少数矿山使用苦咸水,而国外干旱地区矿山广泛使用苦咸水或海水。考虑直接使用咸水对铅锌、钨和钼矿石的浮选生产不利,还有腐蚀问题和选矿水质恶化等因素,文章认为矿山使用淡化水更适合。目前国内外咸水淡化主要采用反渗透工艺,从使用淡化海水较广泛的智利等国看,海水淡化的投资运营支出受海水运输距离和高差的影响较大,特别是远离大海且海拔高的矿山。文章指出,使用咸水可解决干旱地区矿山用水矛盾,但淡化工艺对生态环境有一定危害。最后提出,干旱缺水地区的矿山应用苦咸水或海水有较大现实意义,我国应重视此方面的应用。     

钢铁工业固体废弃物资源化途径

介绍了采矿废石、选矿尾矿和冶金废渣资源化技术现状及发展方向。探讨了利用固体废物中非金属矿物作为环境材料, 特殊含钍、稀土、钛高炉渣综合利用, 以及钢铁渣作水泥、混凝土活性掺合料等方面存在的问题及解决途径, 认为微细粒高效分选技术对提高工业固体废物资源化技术水平十分重要。     

基于专利信息的电解锰渣资源化利用研究

采用LexisNexis PatentStrategies专利分析软件对国内外电解锰渣资源化利用相关专利进行了统计分析。从相关专利的申请年度趋势、专利申请地区、法律状态、技术构成、高强度专利挖掘等角度,对电解锰渣资源化利用技术的发展现状及趋势、主要申请人竞争力、细分技术领域专利布局、研发热点等进行了深入分析,详细阐述和解析电解锰渣资源化利用的发展趋势、应用方法和研究方向,为后续电解锰渣资源化利用技术研究提供数据支持。     

煤矸石资源化利用研究进展

煤矸石是采煤和洗煤过程中排放的固体废弃物,是一种在成煤过程中与煤层伴生的一种含碳量较低、比煤坚硬的黑灰色岩石。结合煤矸石组成成分,对煤矸石进行资源化利用,在充分利用资源的同时能有效避免其对生态环境造成污染。本文主要对煤矸石资源化利用研究进展进行分析,以期对煤矸石资源化利用起到指导性作用。     

电渗析处理含铜酸性废水的实验研究

针对矿山酸性废水铜离子浓度和酸度高的特点,以模拟含铜酸性废水为研究对象进行电渗析处理工艺实验研究。实验结果表明:通过多段电渗析处理后,淡化室的废水Cu2+、H+去除率可达到97.08%和99.20%;浓缩液还可以有效富集废水中的Cu2+、Fe3+、H+等离子,为后续的资源化利用提供了便利。研究工作对含铜酸性废水治理及资源化作出了有益的探索,有助于矿山的可持续发展。     

海岸带咸、淡水成因研究的途径与实例

本文从沉积环境、含水介质、水化学成份、同位素组成等途径,探讨海岸带咸、淡水成因。指出海岸带咸水起源通常有如下几种:古代残留海或泻湖的同生沉积水、沉积物堆积后古代海水入渗形成的咸水、深部古卤水或盐丘的淋滤形成的咸水、海相层中盐类的溶解形成的微咸水、现代入侵的海水等,并附以实例作为上述研究的说明。     

赤泥资源化利用研究进展

赤泥中碱性物质含量较高是赤泥不能大规模资源化利用的主要原因。对国内外赤泥资源化利用方面的研究进行归纳概括,介绍了赤泥的物理特性、化学成分以及赤泥在除碱和工程方面的研究成果,总结了赤泥在工程领域、环保领域和提取金属元素等方面的应用,论述了赤泥的资源化利用研究现状,提出了赤泥在除碱、提取金属、建筑应用、堆存等各方面存在的问题。研究认为,赤泥是一种具有特殊岩土工程性质的特殊土,需土量巨大的路基工程和充填工程将成为赤泥大规模资源化利用的有效途径。     

柴达木盆地小梁山—大风山区域深层卤水水化学特征及成因分析

柴达木盆地小梁山—大风山区域深层卤水资源丰富,但是目前勘探程度相对较低。为探讨该区域卤水矿产资源情况,在区域地质背景分析的基础上,采用物探测井、地震等手段,对矿区内深层卤水含水层分布进行了解译;对区域水文地质条件进行了研究,包括区域地下水赋存条件与分布规律,地下水类型及含水岩组划分,结果表明矿区内出露一套微胶结的湖泊相地层,内部赋存高矿化度卤水,划分为碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水、松散岩类孔隙水2种基本类型;对深层卤水矿体及水化学特征进行了分析,自上而下将深层卤水划分为5个矿层,均属硫酸镁亚型卤水。最后,从地形条件、构造特征及气候条件分析了深层卤水钾盐矿资源的沉积演化规律,以期对柴达木盆地的深层卤水资源的深度评价、开发与利用提供基础资料参考。     

傍河取水构筑物试验研究

随着城镇化建设、工业基地建设的加快,水资源短缺日趋严重,水资源已成为制约经济社会发展的瓶颈。为了扩大地下水可采资源量,缓解水资源不足,通过在傍河型水源地施工集水廊道,研究其施工,抽水过程中水位、水量、水质的变化,测试河岸边取水的可行性和其出水能力,为傍河型水源地地下水取水设计及施工提供依据。通过试验,渗透系数达130～540 m/d,单宽流量500～820 m³/d,明显好于管井。     

全国煤层气资源动态评价与可利用性分析

按照统一的全国油气资源评价方法体系框架,运用体积法,对陆上41个主要含煤盆地(群)煤层气资源的品质、分布状况以及可利用性进行了分析评价。结果表明:全国埋深2 000 m以浅的煤层气地质资源量为30.05×10~(12)m~3,可采资源量为12.50×10~(12)m~3。煤层气资源区域分布较为集中,鄂尔多斯、沁水等10个大型含气盆地煤层气资源占全国总量的85%以上,层系上主要分布在上古生界和中生界。煤层气整体品质一般,类型以II类为主,其次为Ⅰ类,可采性差异大,可采性较好的地区有限。与新一轮全国煤层气资源评价相比,本次动态评价地质资源量减少了6.76×10~(12)m~3,可采资源量增加了1.63×10~(12)m~3,主要由于含气量数据可靠程度增加和对埋深认识的变化。我国煤层气具有地面规模开发条件的可采资源量在4×10~(12)m~3左右。沁水、鄂尔多斯、滇东黔西、准噶尔等几个大型盆地具有优先开发的地质条件。     

Mine Water for Energy and Water Supply in the Central Coal Basin of Asturias (Spain)

The Asturian Central Coal Basin (NW Spain) is generally characterized by moderately porous and permeable rocks, such as sandstone, limestone, and shale. Groundwater mostly flows through open fractures, voids, and decompression zones associated with coal mining. Exploitation of water resources in former coal mines could contribute to the economic well-being of communities affected by closure. The potential value of mine water associated with the flooded Barredo and Figaredo mine shafts near the town of Mieres was studied. This reservoir could supply water for 60,000 people; this could possibly be doubled by co-managing the river flow and underground resources. We studied the potential recovery of energy from the thermal value of this mine water (using water-to-water heat pumps). Two district heating systems are proposed: a low-temperature network (35 °C) for domestic heating and a very-low temperature network (20 °C) for large users, such as shopping centres, that need both heating and cooling. Return flow to the reservoir can generate electricity by means of micro-turbines. Preliminary estimates of profitability appear favourable, along with a sizable reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to natural gas heating. Extrapolation of these results to other mine water reservoirs in Central Asturias implies a potential of 40 million m³ per year for water supply, and an energy supply capacity close to 260,000 thermal MWh per year.     

WFS往复式磁选机的研制及应用

针对强磁性矿物预选领域广泛应用的筒式磁选机磁场强度衰减大,磁场作用深度小,磁场不均匀且夹带严重等问题以及带式磁选机皮带表面磁场强度衰减大,皮带使用寿命较短且更换复杂费用高的问题研制了WFS往复式磁选机,介绍了WFS往复式磁选机的分选原理及技术特点。WFS1216往复式磁选机在广东某石英砂选厂进行工业应用,在给矿Fe_2O_3含量为0.065%的情况下,经过一次选别,取得的石英精砂含Fe_2O_30.042%,在精砂产率97.12%的情况下作业除铁率可达37.24%,有效去除了机械铁和强磁性矿物,避免了后续作业流程中强磁选机介质堵塞,设备运转平稳,故障率低。WFS往复式磁选机的研制为强磁性矿物预选领域增加了一种新型设备,在背景磁感应强度较高的情况下还可以用于弱磁性矿物的分选,具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

Sensitivity Analysis of the Main Factors Controlling Floor Failure Depth and a Risk Evaluation of Floor Water Inrush for an Inclined Coal Seam

The main factors controlling floor failure depth are highly consistent with those of floor water inrush. In this paper, a mechanical model was developed to calculate the maximum failure depth of the upper and lower sides of a mining working face floor along the coal seam’s inclination. The results indicated that the main factors controlling floor failure depth are mining thickness, working face slanting length, coal seam dip angle, mining depth, water pressure, cohesion, and internal friction angle. The floor failure depth of the 3303 working face in the Yangcheng coal mine was calculated using FLAC^3D numerical simulation software. Based on matrix and variance analyses, the sensitivity of each of these factors with respect to floor failure depth followed the order: working face slanting length (extremely significant) > mining depth (highly significant) > cohesion (significant) > mining thickness (not significant) > coal seam dip angle (not significant) > water pressure (not significant) > internal friction angle (not significant). Also, the optimal plan for orthogonal simulation is A₁ B₁ C₁ D₁ E₂ F₁ G₁, in which the floor failure depth is minimized. Finally, the average accuracy of logistic regression analysis of the principal component was up to 90.4% accurate, about 10% better than conventional logistic regression analysis.

     

沁水盆地煤层气资源潜力及开发利用前景

尽管沁水盆地已进入煤层气规模开发利用阶段,成为我国两大煤层气产业化基地之一,但其储量产量增速放缓,距离规划目标仍有较大差距。本文梳理总结勘探进展,开展沁水盆地煤层气资源评价。评价结果表明:沁水盆地煤层气地质资源量4.00万亿m3,可采资源量1.53万亿m3,资源潜力巨大。盆地北部太原组15#煤层和南部山西组3#煤层是当前及今后勘探开发的重点,盆地南部夏店-沁南区块是未来储量增长的重要潜力区。面对地质、技术、效益、管理等多方面条件的制约和挑战,要坚定发展信心,抓住发展机遇,实现沁水盆地煤层气产业的进一步发展,为保障国家能源安全作出贡献。     

利用NaOH溶液吸收捕集烟气中的CO2

利用NaOH溶液吸收捕集模拟烟气中的CO₂,重点考察了NaOH溶液浓度、烟气中CO₂浓度、NaOH溶液温度、烟气流量等对CO₂脱除效率的影响规律,并考察了烟气中SO₂的存在对CO₂吸收的影响。结果表明,在实验室条件下,通过鼓泡反应装置,利用NaOH溶液吸收模拟烟气中的CO₂,CO₂脱除效率随着NaOH溶液浓度、烟气流量和鼓泡气管插入深度的增加先增加后降低,随着CO₂浓度、NaOH溶液温度的增加逐渐降低。在优化工艺条件下,CO₂脱除效率可高达97%。     

High rank coalbed methane desorption characteristic and its application in production in Qinshui basin

Based on spontaneous desorption characteristic, the correlation of desorption time and gas content was analyzed and the application of it in production was researched. The desorption of high rank coalbed methane in Qinshui basin was periodic, and isotope fractionation effect also exists in the process. Δδ ¹³C₁ can be used to distinguish the stabilization of coalbed methane wells, associated with desorption rate, the individual well recoverable reserves can be calculated. Economically recoverable time can be predicted according to the logarithmic relationship between desorption gas content per ton and desorption time. The error between predicted result and numerical simulation result is only 1.5%.     

Hydrogeochemistry of the Getchell Underground Mine––Part 1: Mine Water Chemistry

The Getchell underground operations in Northern Nevada intersect groundwater associated with marble and hornfel lithologies and a sulfide bearing ore hosted within a 30-km long shear zone system. The deposit is classified as Carlin-type gold mineralization. A distinct feature of the mineralization is the high proportion of arsenic sulfides present in the ore and associated altered wallrock. This results in an intense arsenic enrichment, with some zones containing as much as 30% arsenic, and 0.5–2% arsenic throughout the mineralized envelope. Most of the groundwater in the area is well buffered by the calcareous host rocks and show a macrochemistry of Ca-Na-HCO₃. Along the shear zone and in zones within the hornfel host rock, the waters are less alkaline and more saline, and have a chemistry of Na-Mg-Ca-SO₄-HCO₃. This latter water type occurs in sulfide-bearing zones. Arsenic speciation analysis and theoretical predictions demonstrate that higher arsenic concentrations are associated with reducing conditions, with higher Na/Ca ratios, and with low concentrations of Fe. In these waters, As occurs as arsenite, along with trace concentrations of mono-methyl arsonic acid and di-methyl arsinic acid. Natural attenuation of As appears to occur along groundwater flow paths due to co-precipitation and adsorption onto hydrous ferric oxide particles. However, elevated As is still a notable feature of groundwater quality throughout the Kelly Creek basin. This elevated As occurs in bedrock groundwater during underground mine development, rather than in near-surface alluvium groundwater. Due to this and the protracted history of mining, it is not possible to define a true background value for water quality in the area other than acknowledging that bedrock groundwater is mineralized and has little association with seasonal recharge and water quality in the alluvium cover.     

北京城区地热田某地热井开发与利用方案探析（增刊）

地热资源因具有清洁、高效等特性而被日益广泛开发利用。通过分析北京地区地热资源概况及发展现状,对北京城区地热田某地热井开发利用与供需情况进行探讨,计算项目用水量并进行经济评价,同时考虑地热资源开发与环境保护的关系,提出科学合理、有序利用的地热井开发与利用方案,以确保北京地区地热资源实现可持续利用。