罗非鱼与海水鱼制备混合鱼糜的凝胶特性研究

通过研究罗非鱼、五种海水鱼(海鲈鱼、黄花鱼、金鲳鱼、红三鱼、马鲛鱼)、鸢乌贼鱼糜的凝胶特性,筛选凝胶特性强的鱼糜与罗非鱼鱼糜复配,以提高罗非鱼混合鱼糜的凝胶特性。通过比较五种海水鱼和鸢乌贼鱼糜的凝胶特性(凝胶强度,白度,盐溶性蛋白含量,巯基含量),得到海鲈鱼的凝胶特性较好,凝胶强度为4569.27 g·mm,盐溶性蛋白含量为48.17 mg/mL。将海鲈鱼与罗非鱼混合,当海鲈鱼添加量为25%时,混合鱼糜的凝胶强度、盐溶性蛋白含量、白度分别为2585.10 g·mm、29.73 mg/mL、72.62%,比单一的罗非鱼鱼糜分别提高了27.3%、63.8%、5.2%,而巯基含量无显著影响。因此,添加25%海鲈鱼能够较大程度地提高罗非鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性,为罗非鱼混合鱼糜制品的开发奠定了基础。     

TG酶对高温杀菌鱼糜凝胶特性影响

高温杀菌处理会造成淡水鱼糜凝胶品质劣化。以白鲢鱼糜为原料,通过测定质构特性、凝胶强度、持水性、白度和流变特性,研究谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG酶)对高温杀菌鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,添加TG酶所制得鱼糜凝胶经121℃,10 min高温杀菌后,硬度、弹性、持水性、白度及流变特性均有较好的改善。与对照组相比,添加0.5%TG酶的鱼糜凝胶强度增加48.7%。红外光谱测定结果表明,TG酶的加入有利于蛋白质α-螺旋结构的维持,减少蛋白主要二级结构破坏,使鱼糜制品维持良好凝胶结构。     

鱼糜的凝胶和软化分析

<正> 我国是世界上淡水养殖业最发达的国家,淡水鱼产量占全球二分之一。我们的产量虽然高,但鲜食价值比较低,从而造成大量的资源未被充分利用。目前,将淡水鱼加工成鱼糜(surimi),不但可解决淡水鱼收获的旺淡季矛盾,还可以增加其食用价值。本文将为大家分析鱼糜制品凝胶和软化特性。     

鳓鱼鱼糜与常见鱼糜凝胶品质对比

目的:为鳓鱼鱼糜在鱼糜制品中的加工应用提供理论支持。方法:制备鱼糜凝胶样品,分别从凝胶强度、全质构、凝胶化指数、凝胶劣化指数、持水性、白度和微观结构7个方面研究其与白鲢鱼糜、铜盆鱼糜、金线鱼糜的凝胶品质差异。结果:鳓鱼鱼糜的硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、凝胶强度、持水性显著高于白鲢鱼糜(P＜0.05);这与扫描电镜检测的鳓鱼鱼糜凝胶表面结构光滑致密、孔径大小规则均匀的试验结果相一致。同时鳓鱼鱼糜的白度(71.23±0.09)显著高于铜盆鱼糜(67.81±0.25)和金线鱼糜(67.16±0.55)。结论:鳓鱼鱼糜在凝胶强度、白度、持水性和微观结构等方面兼具淡水鱼糜和海水鱼糜的优势。     

我国淡水鱼鱼糜的研究情况

较详细的介绍了我国淡水鱼鱼糜的稳定性、凝胶性、凝胶影响因素等方面的研究情况 ,对淡水鱼糜及其制品在我国的发展提出了一些建议     

罗非鱼与四种海水鱼混合鱼糜的凝胶特性

本文选择罗非鱼分别与四种海水鱼(马鲛鱼、海鲈鱼、金鲳鱼、鸢乌贼)制备混合鱼糜,来获得凝胶特性较好且成本较低的鱼糜制品。通过对混合鱼糜凝胶特性的测定,得出最佳的鱼糜混合比例。结果表明,当罗非鱼鱼糜分别添加60%马鲛鱼、60%海鲈鱼、40%金鲳鱼、40%鸢乌贼时,混合鱼糜的凝胶强度比单一的罗非鱼鱼糜分别提高了82.5%、79.4%、44.3%、27.2%,混合鱼糜的盐溶性蛋白含量比单一的罗非鱼鱼糜分别提高了115.6%、104.5%、100.4%、75.6%,罗非鱼与马鲛鱼、海鲈鱼混合得到的鱼糜制品凝胶特性较好。     

鱼皮明胶蛋白对淡水鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为了高效利用丰富的淡水鱼资源,提高淡水鱼糜制品的品质,以淡水鱼糜为原料,利用罗非鱼皮提取明胶蛋白,探讨了添加鱼类明胶蛋白对淡水鱼糜凝胶形成性能的影响。结果表明,利用鱼皮提取的明胶中鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸含量56.8%,表明鱼皮明胶具有一定的营养价值。将鱼皮明胶添加到鲢鱼鱼糜中,可以提高鱼糜凝胶的破断强度和保水性能,如当其添加量为鱼糜蛋白含量10%时,破断强度提高20%,失水率下降35%。根据鱼糜凝胶在各种蛋白质变性剂中的溶解性和溶解组分的SDS-PAGE分析结果,鱼皮明胶蛋白主要是通过离子键与鱼糜蛋白结合,进而提高鱼糜凝胶形成能。     

羊血浆蛋白对高温杀菌鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响

为改善高温杀菌鱼糜制品的品质,研究羊血浆蛋白对121℃处理鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响。以白鲢鱼糜为原料,测定羊血浆蛋白的添加对鱼糜凝胶质构特性、凝胶强度、持水性、折叠性、白度和流变特性的影响,并通过测定分子间作用力和溶解率的变化探究其影响机制。结果表明,与对照组相比,随着羊血浆蛋白的添加,高温处理鱼糜制品的硬度、弹性、胶粘性和咀嚼性显著增大(P<0.05),持水性显著增强(P<0.05),折叠性能增强,白度降低。当添加量为2%时,鱼糜制品的凝胶强度增加了92.88%。分子间作用力和溶解率分析显示,添加羊血浆蛋白能够提高体系氢键和非二硫共价键含量,从而改善高温处理鱼糜制品凝胶品质。     

6种淡、海水鱼糜制品的滋味特征及其指纹图谱的建立

为明确不同品种鱼糜制品的滋味差异物并建立鱼糜制品的滋味指纹图谱，以3种海水鱼糜（带鱼、铜盆鱼、金线鱼）和3种淡水鱼糜（鲢鱼、草鱼、青鱼）为原料制备鱼糜制品，采用电子舌、高效液相色谱、气相色谱等技术，测定各鱼糜制品中滋味物质的含量，并结合微阵列显著性分析、聚类热图分析等手段，建立鱼糜制品的滋味指纹图谱。结果表明，6种鱼糜制品的滋味特征有显著差异。带鱼鱼糜制品中具有鲜味的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量较高，分别为2.37 mg/100 g和1.32 mg/100 g；金线鱼糜制品中二者含量则最低；草鱼鱼糜制品中含有较高的脯氨酸（甜味）和组氨酸（苦味）。海水鱼糜制品中多不饱和脂肪酸占比约是淡水鱼糜制品的2倍。在淡水鱼糜制品中，白鲢鱼糜制品中多不饱和脂肪酸含量相对较高。与淡水鱼糜制品相比，海水鱼糜制品普遍具有较高含量的甜菜碱、肌苷酸和鸟苷酸，以及较低含量的次黄嘌呤。通过微阵列显著性分析，在6种鱼糜制品中共筛选出46?种差异物质，并依据该差异物质进行聚类热图分析，构建鱼糜制品的滋味指纹图谱，可直观反映淡、海水鱼糜制品滋味差异及主要差异物质。     

亲水胶体在鱼糜制品中的应用研究进展

鱼糜制品是以鱼糜为主要原料,经过斩拌、擂溃、成型、凝胶化等过程制成的高蛋白、低脂肪的产品。亲水胶体是从植物和海藻中提取或由微生物合成的高分子多聚糖。亲水胶体可改善鱼糜制品中的凝胶特性。亲水胶体对不同鱼种的鱼糜凝胶强度的影响与亲水胶体的种类及其作用方式密切相关。本文综述了鱼糜制品及其凝胶形成的机理、亲水胶体的种类和功能特性,阐述了亲水胶体对鱼糜凝胶特性的作用机理及其在鱼糜制品中的应用现状,并提出未来的研究方向。     

鱼糜凝胶形成机理及提高鱼糜凝胶特性的添加物研究新进展

鱼糜凝胶特性是评价鱼糜品质的重要指标,介绍了鱼糜凝胶形成机理及引起凝胶劣变的内在因素,综述了目前用于提高鱼糜凝胶特性的添加剂最新研究进展,为我国淡水鱼鱼糜加工发展提供理论依据。     

The effect of modified starches on the gel properties and protein conformation of Nemipterus virgatus surimi

The study investigated the effect of native cassava starch (NCS), hydroxypropylated starch, acetic acid esterification starch (AAES), acetylated distarch phosphate on gel properties and protein conformation of Nemipterus virgatus surimi. Addition of 10 g kg^?1 NCS or 20 g kg^?1 AAES could significantly promote the gel strength and textural profiles of the surimi gels (p < .05). The water holding ability and whiteness of surimi were remarkably increased when the four types of starch were added at all concentrations (p < .05). In rheological test, the lower G′ was observed in surimi samples added with starch at low temperature, suggesting starch played an inactive filler role in surimi. Along with the increase of starch additive amount, ionic bond and hydrophobic interaction first increased and then decreased, while hydrogen bond first decrease and then increased. According to Raman spectroscopy data, small content of starch promoted the heat‐induced conformational transition of surimi protein from α‐helix to β‐sheet, leading to the change in gel properties of surimi gels. Scanning electron microscopy photographs showed surimi gels added with 20 g kg^?1 starch had the finer and denser network structure. Therefore, 20 g kg^?1 AAES or 10 g kg^?1 NCS or 10 g kg^?1 HS could be proposed to a potential modifier to effectively improve the quality of surimi products.     

Impact of the frying temperature on protein structures and physico-chemical characteristics of fried surimi

In this work, protein structures and properties and physico-chemical characteristics of surimi fried at different temperatures were studied. The effect of frying on surimi protein structure was characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), intrinsic fluorescence, surface hydrophobicity, intermolecular interaction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SDS-PAGE analysis observed the appearance of new peptide bands and the weakening of myosin heavy-chain and actin bands after frying. In addition, frying damaged the hydrogen bond and ionic bond but promoted formation of the disulphide bond. Moreover, β-sheet and random coil were increased after frying, while α-helix and β-turn were decreased. After frying, the surface hydrophobicity of fried surimi decreased and the fluorescence maximum emission wavelength showed a red shift. The above changes indicated occurrence of protein denaturation and degradation, which were dependent on the frying temperature. Moreover, the effect of the frying temperature on physicochemical properties of fried surimi was characterised by measuring the hardness, oil absorption, porosity and water absorption capacity of fried surimi. The moisture loss, oil uptake, porosity and water absorption capacity of the fried surimi increased gradually with the frying temperature. However, the hardness of fried surimi was not positively correlated with the frying temperature but strongly dependent on the porous structure. These results showed that the physico-chemical properties of the fried surimi were dependent on not only degree of protein denaturation but also the porous structure.     

Quality change in Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus) surimi during frozen storage using different freezing methods

To inhibit the quality deterioration caused by the frozen storage of surimi products, this work investigated the effect of freezing methods, including raw-freezing-setting-heating, raw-setting-freezing-heating, and raw-setting-heating-freezing, on quality changes in surimi gel. The moisture loss, physical–chemical properties, and protein structure conformation of surimi gel derived from Bombay duck (BD) were assessed following frozen storage periods of 20, 40, and 60 days. The findings suggest that the raw-setting-heating-freezing method yielded optimal surimi gel properties with extended frozen storage time. Employing this approach led to a reduction in thawing loss, while cooking loss remained constant. After 60 days of frozen storage, the hardness exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, and water-holding capacity increased to 68.2%. Notably, the impact on surimi gel during the late stage of frozen storage was more pronounced throughout the formation of ice crystals, resulting in decreased disulfide bond content. Scanning hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining slices of samples following thawing and heating demonstrated that the raw-setting-heating-freezing method could better resist the effect of ice crystals in frozen storage period on surimi tissue, while the gel on setting process could delay the erosion imposed on by ice crystals during frozen storage. This study provides a scientific foundation for the industrialization on frozen BD surimi products.     

鳕鱼皮的添加对鱼糜凝胶特性及其蛋白质结构的影响

目的 研究添加黑线鳕鱼(Melanogrammusaeglefinus)皮对鱼糜凝胶特性和蛋白质结构的影响。方法以傅里叶变换红外光谱法和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术的分析方法,探究黑线鳕鱼皮不同添加比率对鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度、质构、持水性、p H和蛋白质分子组成及其二级结构的影响规律。结果 当鱼皮添加比率为5%时,混合凝胶的凝胶强度、弹性和持水性虽下降但无显著变化(P>0.05),分别为2654.4 g·mm、2.83 mm和85.7%,而硬度显著下降至22.83 N (P<0.05);随着鱼皮添加比率的增加,鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度、质构、持水性均下降;鱼皮的添加阻碍了肌球蛋白重链发生交联,同时,鱼糜凝胶蛋白质结构无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论为提高鱼皮的利用率,可适量将鱼皮与鱼糜混合制备鱼糜凝胶,鱼皮添加比率不宜超过5%。     

水温差阶段漂洗对草鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

以草鱼鱼糜凝胶为研究对象,从凝胶白度、凝胶强度、TPA质地特性(硬度、压缩功、回复性、可恢复形变、内聚性、咀嚼性)以及凝胶析水率几方面研究了新型鱼糜漂洗方式——水温差阶段漂洗对草鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,结果表明:水温差阶段漂洗可显著提高草鱼鱼糜凝胶的白度和凝胶强度,改善草鱼鱼糜凝胶的质构特性,提高鱼糜凝胶的保水能力。由此可知,水温差阶段漂洗是一种简便、有效的鱼糜漂洗方法。     

Yam affects the antioxidative and gel‐forming properties of surimi gels

The antioxidative activities and textural properties of pollock surimi gels containing four different yams were determined to evaluate the potential of using yam as a health ingredient and an alternative source for starch in surimi‐based seafoods. Surimi gels containing 20% fresh yam showed higher α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐pricryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activities and total phenolic contents than the gels without yam. Two tested cultivars, 70W34 and 70W35, did not show significant reductions in antioxidative activities when used in surimi gel while three other cultivars revealed species‐dependant declines in both the DPPH scavenging activities and total phenolic contents. The surimi gel containing the cultivar 70R20 showed the highest breaking forces and deformations. In general, 20% fresh yam could be used to form a yam‐containing surimi gel having similar textural properties with a potato starch containing pollock surimi gel. The dried yam powders might be used at the amount of 30% fresh yam equivalent without causing significant losses of the textural properties of pollock surimi gels. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

咸鸭蛋蛋清对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

通过检测鱼糜凝胶的质构和感官特性,探讨了咸鸭蛋蛋清对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明,在鱼糜制品中添加咸鸭蛋蛋清一方面能有效改善产品的色泽,另一方面却会稍微降低鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度和保水性,但对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶品质无明显劣化影响。咸鸭蛋蛋白质量占混合物总蛋白质量比达到2/15时,鱼糜凝胶特性仍可满意,同时产品的风味无明显变化。     

Effect of soy protein isolate on gel properties of Alaska pollock and common carp surimi at different setting conditions

The effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on the gel properties of different grade Alaska pollock and common carp surimi at different setting conditions were evaluated and compared. Breaking force and distance of gels decreased with increasing SPI concentrations in direct cook (85 °C for 30 min) and in cook after setting at 30 °C for 60 min conditions. The effect of SPI on gel strength of common carp surimi was less than in Alaska pollock surimi. The breaking force obtained for addition of 10% SPI to Alaska pollock surimi was higher than for surimi alone when cooked after incubation at 50 °C for 60 min. Addition of SPI decreased the whiteness and increased the yellowness of the gel. The gel structure showed that the addition of SPI modified the microstructure of the fish protein gel, thus resulting in surimi with different gelling properties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

4种鱼糜加工漂洗液回收蛋白对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶特性与质构的影响

目的 探究4种回收水溶性蛋白对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶特性及质构的影响。方法 分别将等电点沉降法回收蛋白、海藻酸钠单一絮凝剂回收蛋白、壳聚糖单一絮凝剂回收蛋白和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂沉降回收蛋白以0%、5%、10%、15%、20%掺入罗非鱼鱼糜制备鱼肠,比较各样品在凝胶强度与全质构分析(texture profile analysis, TPA)参数上的差异,包括硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性、内聚性与弹性。结果 4种回收蛋白替代会对凝胶强度产生不利影响,通过等电点沉降法回收的蛋白对凝胶强度的影响最大,凝胶强度持续下降,最低达1708g·mm;以复合絮凝剂回收蛋白的掺入对原凝胶强度的影响最小,通过替代5%鱼糜,凝胶强度降为3833 g·mm。当用壳聚糖单一絮凝剂回收蛋白掺入5%时,与原鱼糜制品的TPA参数最接近,表现为硬度2505 g,胶着性1788 g,咀嚼性192.3 mJ,且内聚性和弹性也没有表现出明显差异。结论 这4种回收蛋白均以5%的添加量替代罗非鱼鱼糜时,制品凝胶强度在企业的可接受线性范围内,综合凝胶强度与TPA参数,以壳聚糖单一絮凝剂回收的蛋白替代产生的影响最小,可为回收鱼糜蛋白这一资源...