交错齿铲背成形铣刀的加工计算

1972年第5期“工具技术”中由陈鼎昌同志所写题为‘对“金属切削刀具设计”一书中有关交错齿铣刀计算方法的商榷’一文中对该书错误所进行的理论分析,观点是正确的。但是,这些公式仅能解决加工这种铣刀所用铲刀的正确刃形问题,而不能肯定这种铣刀就已加工正确,因为铣刀的前刃面如果加工不正确,同样不能获得精确无误的铣刀刃形。最后,铣刀刃形是否正确     

圆柱铣刀刀刃螺旋角视觉测量方法

针对圆柱铣刀刀刃螺旋角传统测量方法中存在的测量不便、重复精度差的问题,提出一种基于机器视觉的圆柱铣刀刀刃螺旋角测量方法。在划分铣刀图像ROI区域的基础上,利用DCT算法判断得到刀刃正焦图像,通过逆圆柱化矫正畸变后提取亚像素边缘轮廓特征并与直线进行拟合,最终依据刀刃轮廓线计算出圆柱铣刀刀刃的螺旋角大小。实验结果表明,该方法便于工程测量,所得到的螺旋角测量值重复精度在99. 9%以上。     

采油螺杆泵螺杆成形铣刀刀刃廓形设计与研究

基于对采油螺杆泵螺杆形状的分析建立了螺杆螺旋曲面方程;利用成形铣削原理和坐标变换理论,从成形铣刀与螺杆工件的相对运动关系出发,建立了基本的铣刀刀刃廓形方程。根据铣刀的实际使用情况,针对成形铣刀用钝重磨后产生的加工误差,进一步建立了具有合适前刀面和恒定后角的铣刀刀刃廓形方程。对廓形方程进行干涉检查,保证了铣刀廓形的正确性。该铣刀刀刃廓形方程为铣刀的设计制造奠定了理论基础,对实际生产具有重要意义。     

神经网络在加工螺旋面中的应用研究

加工螺旋槽时,针对铣刀刃形的设计,应用包络面原理,采用神经网络方法建立了工件螺旋槽形与铣刀刃形之间的非线性关系模型,并通过工件螺旋槽端面截形模拟仿真出铣刀回转面刃形.仿真结果表明,采用神经网络的非线性逼近特性进行铣刀刃形的模拟设计,能够精确、快速地模拟出铣刀刃形.该模型可以验证加工螺旋槽铣刀刃形的正确性、铣刀和工件的干涉情况,以及在改变螺旋面参数时螺旋槽形的可加工性.     

大型指状齿轮铣刀的简易加工

介绍用单叶双曲面拟合齿形,以单叶双曲面的直母线作刀刃曲线,用普通工具磨即可完成的斜刃指状齿轮铣刀的简易加工方法.     

一种装配式不铲齿成形铣刀廓形的设计

对一种装配式不铲齿成形铣刀的结构进行了探讨，并导出了其刀刃廓形的设计计算方法，使得该种结构铣刀的设计制造成为可能。     

NBXD-A螺杆转子的铣刀刃形设计

利用铣刀回转曲面与NBXD-A螺杆螺旋齿面相切的原理，推导出它们的接触方程．用数值法解接触方程，求铣刀刃形。然后，选取转子端面型线的坐标和空间接触线的坐标来校核铣刀坐标。     

大走刀铣削

使用如图1所示的特殊端铣刀,可以在立铣床上进行大走刀铣削。这种端铣刀上装有三把镶硬质合金 T15K6刀片的刀头。每个刀头上有三个刀刃(图2):1)偏角为40°～45°的主刀刃;2)偏角为30°的过渡刀刃;3)偏角为0°的修光刀刃。修光刀刃的长度必须大于端铣刀的每齿走刀量,这样才能得到良好的表面光洁度。修光刀刃的长度可选用2～3公厘。刀头     

硬质木材榫槽组合铣刀的设计

为解决小型台式多用木工机床对硬质木材榫槽困难的问题,设计了一款组合铣刀.以数块窄刀刃刀具圆锯片组合代替宽刀刃,多刀刃代替双刀刃,组合时锯齿刀刃错位排列成各段直刃呈螺旋状改革刀具结构,采用大前角改善切削性能,齿廓优化成刨削锯齿状提高锯齿的耐用度和使用寿命.该铣刀具有分块式切削刀刃,使用结果表明切削性能优良,对硬、软质木材榫槽进料速度相比可提高3倍.     

用万能工具磨床磨削铲齿铣刀的简易装置

我公司在工具磨床上刃磨铲齿铣刀的前刀面,过去一直是采用支片支住铣刀后背来刃磨,由于铣刀后背在制造时没有刃磨,故磨出的铣刀各刀刃的径向跳动较大,无法使用,只好定期送工具厂刃磨,影响了生产进度。后来经过研究试验,我们采用下述方法成功地磨出了径向跳动较小的铣刀。该装置(见附图)由芯轴上一正、一反安装的两把铣刀组成,其中一把是分度铣刀,另一把为被刃磨铣刀,磨削时支片支住分度铣刀。由于此铣刀表面已刃磨,故分度精度较高。注意事项:     

Job scheduling and management of wearing tools with stochastic tool lifetimes

The problem of scheduling jobs using wearing tools is studied. Tool wearing is assumed to be stochastic and the jobs are processed in one machining centre provided with a limited capacity tool magazine. The aim is to minimize the expected average completion time of the jobs by choosing their processing order and tool management decisions wisely. All jobs are available at the beginning of the planning period. This kind of situation is met in production planning of CNC-machines. Previous studies concerning this problem have either assumed deterministic wearing for the tools or omitted the wearing completely. In our formulation of the problem, tool wearing is stochastic and the problem becomes very hard to solve analytically. A heuristic based on genetic algorithms is therefore given for the joint problem of job scheduling and tool management. The algorithm searches the most beneficial job sequence when the tool management decisions are made by a removal rule taking into account the future planned usage of the tools. The cost of each job sequence is evaluated by simulating the job processing. Empirical tests with heuristics indicate that by taking the stochastic information into account, one can reduce the average job processing time considerably.     

导电加热切削时刀具的热电磨损

导电加热切削时,由于强烈的电热效应,刀具磨损形态与传统切削加工方法有所不同。本文研究了导电加热切削的电热特性和电物理现象,分析了导电加热切削时刀具的热电磨损及其机理。     

云边端协同的机床刀具故障智能诊断系统研究

为提高机床刀具磨损故障诊断精度,借助三轴加速度传感器采集机床刀具磨损振动数据,并以此为基础,提出一种基于长短时记忆网络与多尺度卷积神经网络集成的机床刀具故障诊断算法,挖掘机床刀具在不同故障模式下的空时域多尺度特征,实现机床刀具磨损状态的精准识别。同时,为满足实际产线对故障诊断的高实时性要求,设计一种适用于机床刀具故障诊断的云边端协同架构,通过底层产线、边缘节点与工业云平台的高效协同,实现机床刀具故障的及时预警。研究结果表明,所提云边端协同的机床刀具故障智能诊断系统可实现机床刀具磨损状态的精准识别,同时可缩短故障诊断任务的完成时间。     

A thermodynamical model of contact,friction and wear: II constitutive equations for materials and linearized theories

The problem of determining the states of contacting, rubbing and wearing bodies is resolved in the present work using the constitutive equations for materials. Measures of deformation are formulated for a body and a two-dimensional micropolar interfacial layer. Definitions for the thermodynamical processes in the body and the layer are introduced. Constitutive equations and linearized theories for the thermoelastic and hyperelastic bodies are derived. Constitutive equations and linearized theories for the layer are formulated for the micropolar thermoelastic material and the micropolar fluid. The thermo viscous fluid layer is given as an example of non-polar layer theory.     

提高数控机床主轴组轴承性能特性的方法

轴承预紧是提高数控机床主轴等组性能特性的一种有效方法,文章从提高回转精度,增强刚度,等方面进行了阐述。并对预紧力大小,预紧力调整,测量和预紧后锁紧等方面进行了较系统的讨论。     

WEAR AND LIFE OF PCBN TOOLS WHEN DRY-CUTTING BEARING STEEL GCr15

The wear forms and reasons of PCBN tools when dry-cutting bearing steel GCr15 are studied systematically. The effect law of the workpiece hardness on PCBN tools is gained and tool wearing with the quickest speed at the workpiece critical hardness is proved. The life equation at two kinds of workpiece hardness demonstrates that the effect of the cutting speed on the PCBN tool life is less than that of carbide tools and ceramic tools.     

精密数控机床铣刀故障监测方法的研究

刀具在加工过程中不可避免的存在着磨损和破损现象,刀具的消耗直接导致工件精度下降和生产成本增加。开展了一系列实验,深入研究刀具状态监测方法,构建了新型铣削过程刀具磨损监测试验系统。通过振动传感器和声发射传感器对铣削过程中不同磨损程度刀具的信号进行检测、采集、分析。选择对刀具磨损状态反映敏感的特征量。采用BP神经网络,建立刀具磨损特征向量与刀具磨损状态之间的非线性映射关系。     

电火花线切割高精度补偿控制系统

通过对电火花数控系统的革新,建立一个附加的补偿系统,该补偿系统能够对机床导轨的轨迹误差和传动系统误差进行补偿,建立一个模拟的理想坐标格栅,此坐标格栅作为机床的工作参照坐标,使机床的加工精度得到大幅度的提高。对补偿系统的定期校验则可以弥补机床磨损造成的精度降低,使线切割机床的高精度工作寿命得到延长。     

Influence of cutting conditions of cast-metal cutting tools on their wear and durability. Part 2. Durability test results

The results are analyzed of comparative durability tests of metal-cutting tools of various purposes and standard dimensions made of cast and rolled high-speed steels of identical chemical composition and heat treatments. A relationship is shown between the tool material structure, the character of the wearing, and the instrument durability depending on the conditions of operation.     

成形槽技术在高刚性整体硬质合金立铣刀开发中的应用

针对淬硬钢铣削时易产生高频振动以及刀具剧烈磨损导致耐用度低等问题,基于成形槽技术开发出芯部直径与铣刀直径比值达0.7的高刚性立铣刀,推导了螺旋槽径向截面形状的数学模型。进行了切削仿真和静力学仿真,仿真结果表明：较对比刀具,高刚性立铣刀平均切削力更大,切削温度和容排屑性能相差无几,刀具变形量更小。最后开展了切削实验验证研究,研究结果表明：较对比刀具,高刚性立铣刀加工零件表面粗糙度值由0.30 μm下降到0.16 μm,让刀量由0.18 mm减小到0.08 mm,刀具耐用度则由35 min提高到58 min,体现了高刚性立铣刀的性能优势。