Cu~(2+)掺杂ZnIn_2S_4多孔光催化剂的制备与光催化制氢性能研究

采用水热法制备出系列Cu2+掺杂的ZnIn2S4多孔光催化剂。通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis、XPS等分析手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了掺杂Cu2+浓度对多孔ZnIn2S4光催剂的形貌结构和可见光催化产氢性能的影响。实验结果表明,Cu2+掺杂会影响催化剂的晶体结构及其微观形貌,掺杂后的Zn In2S4光催化剂产氢活性显著提高,其中Cu2+(0.1%)-Zn In2S4光催化剂表现出最优产氢活性,产氢速率达到1967.4μmol/(h·g)。     

微波-水热法制备多孔ZnIn2S4光催化剂及催化性能的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂,采用微波-水热法制备了多孔ZnIn2S4光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、UV-Vis、EDS等分析手段对催化剂的晶型结构、形貌及化学组成进行了表征。考察了模板剂浓度、pH值、微波时间与温度对多孔ZnIn2S4光催化剂形貌结构及催化降解甲基橙的影响。制备的最佳条件为：CTAB模板剂的加入量为0.54g、pH值为2.0、温度为140℃、时间为1.0h。当催化剂用量为0.01g,催化降解甲基橙降解率可达64.3%。     

可见光催化剂ZnIn2S4改性研究进展

介绍了包括ZnIn2S4的形貌控制、表面贵金属沉积、金属离子掺杂、复合半导体、碳类似物修饰以及导电聚合物修饰在内的几种ZnIn2S4的改性方法,叙述了各改性技术实例及其作用机理。分析表明,通过对单组份ZnIn2S4的改性,不仅可明显提高电子的传输能力,而且表现出更宽的可见光吸收区间,提升了其光催化性能。认为ZnIn2S4的改性在污染物降解以及光催化产氢效率的提升等方面具有重大意义。提出改善ZnIn2S4长期稳定性及推动其应用过程是今后研究的重点,以期应用于实际技术中。     

水溶性ZnS:Mn2+量子点的合成及荧光性能研究

采用气液两相法合成了在573 nm处发射荧光的水溶性ZnS:Mn2+量子点。研究了Mn2+掺杂量(物质的量分数,下同)对ZnS:Mn2+量子点荧光强度的影响,结果表明:随着Mn2+掺杂量的增加ZnS:Mn2+量子点荧光强度随之增加;当Mn2+掺杂量达到1%时ZnS:Mn2+量子点荧光发射强度达到最大;继续增加Mn2+掺杂量ZnS:Mn2+量子点荧光强度减弱。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光发射光谱对ZnS:Mn2+进行了表征,结果表明ZnS:Mn2+量子点具有较强的黄色荧光。     

V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂中Sb_2O_3掺杂对硫酸氢铵分解行为的影响

在低温SCR过程中,还原性气体NH_3能够与SO_2及H_2O生成硫酸氢铵堵塞催化剂孔道,覆盖活性位点,导致催化活性降低。通过对催化剂进行硫酸氢铵预负载,研究V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂中Sb_2O_3掺杂对化学相互作用、硫酸氢铵的分解行为以及低温下催化剂抗硫抗水性的影响。结果表明,硫酸氢铵与催化剂之间存在化学相互作用,助剂Sb_2O_3可以提高SO■中S原子的电子云密度,有利于硫酸氢铵中的+6价S原子被还原为SO_2中的+4价S原子。因此,催化剂中的助剂Sb_2O_3可以促进硫酸氢铵中SO_2的释放,同时助剂Sb_2O_3可以降低催化剂表面硫酸氢铵的分解温度,进而促进催化剂表面硫酸氢铵的分解。在V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂中掺杂助剂Sb_2O_3可以明显提高催化剂的抗硫抗水性能,为实现低温SCR的工业化应用提供了理论基础。     

粉煤灰微珠负载的Fe3+-TiO2光催化剂的制备及性能

以TiCl4为原料,粉煤灰微珠为载体,采用微乳液法制备了负载型Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.并研究了不同掺杂量Fe3+-TiO2/粉煤灰微珠光催化剂的催化性能及回收再生次数.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察粒子的形貌,用能谱仪(EDS)分析了催化剂的元素含量,用分光光度计测定了催化剂对次甲基蓝的降解率.结果表明:Fe...     

K_2SO_4对V_2O_5/TiO_2脱硝催化剂表面形态的影响

采用XRD和XPS对新鲜的和K2SO4掺杂的V2O5/TiO2脱硝催化剂的表面形态进行了分析。结果表明,K2SO4的掺杂未对V与Ti之间的相互作用造成显著的影响,但是引起催化剂表面V和Ti的浓度降低,V5+在催化剂表面消失。K与钒氧物种上的晶格氧发生了强烈的相互作用。     

SO2和H2O对Y掺杂Mn/TiO2选择性脱除NO的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Y掺杂的TiO₂载体,负载硝酸锰构成了Y掺杂的Mn-Y/TiO₂催化剂。考察了焙烧温度、空速对其催化还原NO性能的影响,并对催化剂的抗SO₂、H₂O毒化性能进行了考察。结果表明,催化剂的最佳焙烧温度为500 ℃,催化剂的活性随空速的降低而升高,XRD分析Y掺杂抑制了锐钛矿晶相的转移,有利于催化剂活性组分的分散,从而提高催化剂的活性。Mn-Y/TiO₂的抗毒化性能优于Mn/TiO₂,在反应温度180 ℃、空速14000 h^－1、氧含量为3%、NO浓度600 mL/L及NH₃/NO为1的条件下,同时通入200 mL/L SO₂和4% H₂O,NO转化率从非掺杂的Mn/TiO₂的48.2%上升到57.6%,Y掺杂提高了催化剂的抗毒化能力;FTIR分析表明催化剂中毒是由于生成了铵的硫酸盐或者锰、钇的硫酸盐。     

Al3+、Sc3+掺杂的LiMn2O4电子结构和平均嵌入电压研究

采用密度泛函理论方法研究了锂离子正极材料LiMn2O4电子结构及金属掺杂对其平均嵌入电压的影响。嵌锂前后差电荷密度分析表明,Mn2O4嵌锂过程中,O、Mn均得到Li给出的电子,且以O得电子为主。Al3+和Sc3+取代LiMn2O4原胞中的Mn掺杂研究表明,Al3+和Sc3+在嵌锂过程中不参与和Li的电子交换,因而导致掺杂体系具有较大的嵌入电压。且Al3+、Sc3+掺杂导致LiMn2O4电极材料稳定性提高,材料密度减小,因此Al3+和Sc3+可作为较佳的锂离子正极掺杂材料。     

Mg2+和Sr2+掺杂对CaCu3Ti4O12陶瓷微观结构与介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法分别制备了Mg2+及Sr2+掺杂的Ca1-xMgxCu3Ti4O12和Ca1-xSrxCu3Ti4O12(x=0、0.1、0.2)陶瓷,利用XRD和SEM分别对陶瓷的物相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并对其介电性能进行了测试.结果表明,Mg2+的掺杂易引起CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)化学计量比的偏失,同时陶瓷的致密化程度受到影响,介电常数也显著降低.而Sr2+的掺杂不仅对CCTO陶瓷物相结构影响不大,而且可以促进陶瓷晶粒的长大,并有效降低了CCTO陶瓷的烧结温度.当Sr2+掺杂量为0.2、测试频率在1 k-2.5kHz时,介电常数为104左右,介电损耗在0.05-0.1之间,介电综合性能比纯CCTO陶瓷有所提高.     

Hydrothermal doping method for preparation of Cr-TiO2 photocatalysts with concentration gradient distribution of Cr

Cr³⁺-doped anatase titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared by the combination of sol–gel process with hydrothermal treatment. The samples were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (S_BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption flame emission spectroscopy (AAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was confirmed that Cr substitutes Ti⁴⁺ in TiO₂ lattice in trivalent ionic state, and the concentrations of dopants Cr³⁺ decrease from the exterior to the interior of doped TiO₂. The photocatalytic activity of Cr-TiO₂ was investigated for the photocatalytic degradation of XRG aqueous solution both under UV and visible light irradiation. Due to the excitation of 3d electron of Cr³⁺ to the conduction band of TiO₂, Cr-TiO₂ shows a good ability for absorbing the visible light to degrade XRG. Doping of chromium ions effectively improves the photocatalytic activity under both UV light irradiation and visible light irradiation with an optimal doping concentration of 0.15% and 0.2%, respectively. The special distribution of dopants Cr³⁺ seems having a good effect on enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cr-TiO₂.     

Simple fabrication and photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO2 under low power LED visible light irradiation

A series of S-doped TiO₂ with visible-light photocatalytic activity were prepared by a simple hydrolysis method using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) as precursors. The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (UV–Vis DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With the doping of S, photocatalysts with small crystal size, high content of anatase phase were obtained. The result showed that S-doped TiO₂ demonstrate considerably high photoactivity under low power visible LED light irradiation, while undoped TiO₂ and the Degussa P25 have nearly no activity at all. The possible mechanism of S-doped for the visible-light activity was discussed.     

掺Ag,Ni对TiO2气相光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以活性炭为载体的负载型Ag/TiO2及Ni/TiO2光催化剂,以气相中甲苯降解反应考察了两种催化剂的活性随金属离子掺杂量的变化. 用透射电镜、X射线衍射及荧光光谱对掺杂催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,经Ag, Ni掺杂后,Ag/TiO2和Ni/TiO2两种催化剂的催化活性均有不同程度的提高,且Ni/TiO2优于Ag/TiO2. 两种催化剂的最佳掺杂量均为0.4%. 根据表征及实验结果分析了金属离子不同掺杂量影响TiO2光催化活性的机理.     

层状铌酸盐MxNb6O17（M=K，Fe，Ni）的合成及对甲硫醇的吸附与光催化性能研究

通过水热合成法合成了具有典型层状结构的MxNb6O17采用离子交换法制备了Ni2Nb6017和Feo75Nb6O17。采用X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、紫外．可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis-DRS）等技术对催化剂进行表征。通过红外光谱技术考察了催化剂对甲烷气中甲硫醇的吸附性能与光催化氧化性能。结果表明,MxNb6O17及改性后的铌酸盐均具有很好的层状结构,改性后的铌酸盐对光谱的吸收由紫外光区向可见光区域移动,且吸收强度增加。在流动体系中对甲烷气中的甲硫醇具有吸附活性,在静态条件下经紫外光辐射对甲硫醇具有光催化氧化活性。     

不同水解抑制剂下Sr2+掺杂改性纳米TiO2的制备及可见光响应行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,分别以三乙醇胺和亚氨基二乙酸为水解抑制剂,制备掺杂不同含量Sr²⁺的纳米TiO₂,并对其在可见光范围内对孔雀石绿的光催化降解活性进行评价。结果表明,Sr²⁺掺杂能够有效提高纳米TiO₂的光催化性能,并确定不同条件下合成的纳米TiO₂的最佳掺杂量和反应条件。对掺杂的TiO₂进行紫外可见漫反射光谱、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及氮物理等温吸附等表征,揭示了表面性能、电子结构、脱水性能、吸附性能、结晶程度和晶相结构等多方面协同作用是Sr²⁺掺杂的TiO₂具有最高光催化活性的原因。这种新型光催化剂可能在环境净化和水处理方面具有一定的应用价值。     

CdS/C-TiO2复合光催化剂光催化还原CO2性能研究

采用沉淀-水热法制备了CdS/C-TiO2系列复合光催化剂,通过XRD、UV-Vis、FESEM、XPS等分析手段对催化剂晶体结构、形貌及光电性能进行了表征,考察了柠檬酸(CA)/TiO2质量比R对CdS/C-TiO2复合光催化剂光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,碳掺杂影响催化剂的晶体结构及其微观形貌,掺杂后光催化活性显著提高。在紫外光照射下进行光催化还原CO2反应,当CA/TiO2质量比R=3/1时,催化活性最高,还原产物HCOOH和HCHO总收率达到533μmol/(g.h)。     

铈和锰掺杂纳米TiO2的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂、Mn⁴⁺/TiO₂、Ce⁴⁺/TiO₂和Mn⁴⁺-Ce⁴⁺/TiO₂光催化剂。通过考察掺杂离子的种类和用量对所得催化剂用于紫外光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响，表明Ce⁴⁺/TiO₂中Ce⁴⁺的适宜掺杂量为1.0%，Ce⁴⁺-Mn⁴⁺/TiO₂中，当Mn4+的掺杂量为25.0%时，Ce⁴⁺的适宜掺杂量为0.50%，相应的脱色效率为92.39%和99.41%。当掺杂量适当时，四种催化剂用于紫外光催化降解甲基橙的活性次序为：Mn⁴⁺-Ce⁴⁺/TiO₂ > TiO₂>Ce⁴⁺/TiO₂> Mn⁴⁺/TiO₂。XRD分析结果表明，所得光催化剂均为锐钛矿型纳米粒子。     

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO2/C nanocomposites with high visible light photocatalytic activity

N-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles modified with carbon (denoted N-TiO(2)/C) were successfully prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal treatment in the presence of L-lysine, which acts as a ligand to control the nanocrystal growth and as a source of nitrogen and carbon. As-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and N(2) adsorption-desorption analysis. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared photocatalysts were measured by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation at λ≥ 400 nm. The results show that N-TiO(2)/C nanocomposites increase absorption in the visible light region and exhibit a higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO(2), commercial P25 and previously reported N-doped TiO(2) photocatalysts. We have demonstrated that the nitrogen was doped into the lattice and the carbon species were modified on the surface of the photocatalysts. N-doping narrows the band gap and C-modification enhances the visible light harvesting and accelerates the separation of the photo-generated electrons and holes. As a consequence, the photocatalytic activity is significantly improved. The molar ratio of L-lysine/TiCl(4) and the pH of the hydrothermal reaction solution are important factors affecting the photocatalytic activity of the N-TiO(2)/C; the optimum molar ratio of L-lysine/TiCl(4) is 8 and the optimum pH is ca. 4, at which the catalyst exhibits the highest reactivity. Our findings demonstrate that the as-obtained N-TiO(2)/C photocatalyst is a better and more promising candidate than well studied N-doped TiO(2) alternatives as visible light photocatalysts for potential applications in environmental purification.