一种缔合型增稠剂的合成与性能研究

传统的碱溶性丙烯酸增稠剂的流变性能及耐盐性不够理想。以丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为主要单体,反应型表面活性剂为功能单体,采用乳液聚合的方法合成了一种缔合型乳液增稠剂。讨论了反应型表面活性剂用量对增稠剂性能的影响,并将该增稠剂与非缔合型增稠剂进行比较,其增稠性能、耐电解质性能明显优于非缔合型增稠剂。结果表明:通过在丙烯酸酯共聚物的分子链上引入疏水基团,使增稠剂分子之间形成缔结结构,可以改善增稠剂的耐电解质性能和流变性能。     

增稠剂在洗涤化妆品中的应用

增稠剂对产品的外观形态产生重要的影响。增稠剂通过与表面活性剂形成棒状胶束、与水作用形成三维水化网络结构或利用自身的大分子长链结构等使体系达到增稠的目的。详细介绍了各种化妆品增稠剂的特性(无机盐类、表面活性剂类、水溶性高分子类和脂肪醇脂肪酸类等),并论述了增稠剂的配伍性能、使用范围、影响因素和增稠机理。     

新型增稠剂YES在液洗产品中的应用

YES增稠剂是一种阴离子型脂肪醇丙烯酸酯共聚物,专为表面活性剂体系而设计的新型液体增稠剂。对YES的增稠性能、耐盐性、泡沫性能与常用增稠表面活性剂6501、CAB和OA-30等作对比,同时研究了pH值变化以及温度变化对YES增稠剂增稠体系黏度的影响。结果表明,YES增稠剂具有良好的增稠性能和广泛的pH值应用范围,同时具有很好的泡沫性、耐温性和耐盐性。     

聚氨酯缔合增稠剂的合成及增稠效果研究

用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与聚乙二醇反应得到预聚物，并用长链烷醇封端反应，形成醚键结构的亲水链段以及烷烃结构的亲油链段组成的聚氨酯缔合增稠剂。研究了合成工艺的可行性，以及封端剂、亲水链段长度、分子量及外加表面活性剂等因素对增稠效果的影响。结果表明，封端剂链长的增加和亲水链段的减少均有利于体系增稠，十二烷醇封端的增稠剂分子量控制在8000左右增稠效果最好，而表面活性剂的加入不利于体系的增稠。     

疏水缔合型聚丙烯酸类增稠剂对表面活性剂增稠性能的研究

通过溶液聚合法合成了疏水缔合型聚丙烯酸类增稠剂(HAAT),并考察了其对不同离子型表面活性剂和典型液洗配方的增稠性能。实验结果表明,HAAT水溶液在pH为7~8时,增稠效果最佳;HAAT对不同类型表面活性剂溶液增稠效果的大小顺序为APGCTABLAS甜菜碱,且可以有效地提高洗液配方的黏度。     

聚氨酯缔合增稠剂增稠效果影响因素探讨

聚氨酯缔合增稠剂(HEUR)是一类高效的缔合型增稠剂,其增稠机理是通过疏水缔合作用形成物理网状交联结构。重点讨论了影响聚氨酯缔合增稠剂增稠效果的因素。其内因方面主要有:亲水主链段、末端疏水基团、疏水基团结构、分子量及分子量分布等;外因方面主要有表面活性剂等。     

缔合增稠剂的制法及影响增稠效果的因素

缔合增稠剂是近年来出现的一种新型增稠剂，因其在水溶液中具有类似表面活性剂的性质以及其独特的增稠作用机理，使其表现出特殊的性质与行为。文中对缔合增稠剂的作用机理、制备方法进行了系统的阐述，着重介绍了影响缔合增稠剂的增稠效果以及缔合增稠剂与水性涂料中其他组分的相互作用，并指出了缔合增稠剂的发展方向。     

高活性两性Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

两性Gemini表面活性剂分子由于极性头基带不同的电荷,使其较传统单体两性表面活性剂具有临界胶束浓度低、降低界面张力效率高、高温稳定性好、增稠性好和耐盐性强等优势。将两性Gemini表面活性剂按甜菜碱型、咪唑型、含胺基型、含磺酸基型和其他型两性双子表面活性剂进行分类,通过对五类Gemini表面活性剂进行比较,分析其表面活性、克拉夫特点、温度稳定性、耐盐性、乳化性、增稠性、稳泡性及水溶性等性能,并对两性Gemini表面活性剂今后的研究提出建议。     

高活性两性Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

两性Gemini表面活性剂分子由于极性头基带不同的电荷,使其较传统单体两性表面活性剂具有临界胶束浓度低、降低界面张力效率高、高温稳定性好、增稠性好和耐盐性强等优势。将两性Gemini表面活性剂按甜菜碱型、咪唑型、含胺基型、含磺酸基型和其他型两性双子表面活性剂进行分类,通过对五类Gemini表面活性剂进行比较,分析其表面活性、克拉夫特点、温度稳定性、耐盐性、乳化性、增稠性、稳泡性及水溶性等性能,并对两性Gemini表面活性剂今后的研究提出建议。     

MAP体系洁面乳流变性的研究

本文主要针对以单烷基磷酸酯盐MAP为主表面活性剂的洁面乳体系,研究了主要成分增稠剂、主表面活性剂以及三种辅助表面活性剂对产品粘度的影响,研究结果表明:在单烷基磷酸酯为主表面活性剂的洁面乳体系中,汉生胶有较好的增稠性能,并能赋予产品良好的剪切变稀性能;主表面活性剂MAP明显降低体系的粘度,加入量较大时加大了体系增稠的难度;辅助表面活性剂羟磺甜菜碱和椰油酸单乙醇酰胺都有很好的稳泡、增稠性能;烷基糖苷增稠性能一般,而且不同浓度APG的加入量不会改变产品剪切稀化的趋势.     

Interactions in associative thickener/220 nm methyl methacrylate latex dispersions

The rheology of commercial associative thickener dispersions containing 220 nm ‘model’ methyl methacrylate (MMA) latices have been examined. These high T_g MMA latices were synthesized by a semicontinuous process with variable percentages of methacrylic acid (MAA). The latex surface without monomer acid segments was only 70% saturated. The latices stabilized with neutralized methacrylic acid segments provided surfactant-saturated surfaces and uniform dispersions when thickened. With the acid-monomer-free latex, the addition of surfactant to saturate the surface of the latex and to increase the free surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase to the level needed to optimize viscosity by intermicellar participation did not effect viscosities equivalent to those noted in associative thickener dispersions containing acid-stabilized latices. These observations support the ion—dipole associative thickener mechanism previously proposed.

The viscoelastic behavior of associative thickener dispersions containing stabilized MMA/MAA latices neutralized with ammonium and alkali metal hydroxides has also been examined. The viscosities of all dispersions containing associative thickeners were highest with NH₄OH-neutralized latices. These results are interpreted in terms of the greater solubilizing power and lower pK_a value of the ammonium salt. The viscosity of hydroxy-ethylcellulose (HEC) thickened dispersions was found to be insensitive to the free surfactant concentration and the nature of the base cation, with only minimal changes in low shear rate viscosities (LSVs) being observed with increasing latex surface acids. These variables notably influence the LSV of the associative thickeners (AT), the magnitude of the latter variations being specific to the AT employed.

In oscillatory experiments, dispersions containing commercial associative thickeners, used predominately with acrylic latices in the U.S. and Australian markets, were observed to exhibit large viscous components. A large elastic component, reflecting thickening via network formation, was noted with commercial associative thickener used largely with commercial vinyl/acrylic latices.     

Modified guar gum: An alternative source for printing of cotton fabric with reactive dye

The alginate thickener is the thickener frequently used for reactive printing of textile. The thickener responds with reactive pigments and thus does not lead to the fabric composition becoming stiffer. In this study, we prepared oxidised natural guar gum with hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide. All other polysaccharides comprise reactive hydroxyl units with a stronger reactivity that must be replaced if they are to be used in reactive printing. Guar derivatives were synthesised and verified using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Natural thickeners, synthetic guar gum derivatives, have been employed in textile printing technique. In comparison to other synthetic thickeners, modified environmental guar gum polymer has been shown to be an ecologically friendly and low-cost thickener. Cotton fabric printed with modified guar thickening with hydrogen peroxide has even stronger colour strength than fabric printed with sodium alginate thickener, which is highly favourable. Penetration properties, colour value, colour strength, colour fastness to washing, light and rubbing was compared with alginate thickener (readily available on the market). Guar gum thickeners showed enhanced features versus sodium alginate for reactive printing. Partially replaced guar gum is an appropriate option due to the colour and physical properties.     

The Influence of Different Substitution Levels of Guar on the Quality of Viscose Prints with VS Monoreactive Dye

Abstract

The basic problem of reactive printing on viscose with polysaccharide guar thickeners is the capability of dye molecule to react with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose (binding of the dye) as well as with the hydroxyl groups of water (the dye hydrolyzes) or the thickener (binding of the dye) (1, 2]. This latter is most clearly expressed in combination of the polysaccharide unmodified guar thickener and the bifunctional reactive dye where the bifunctional dye forms, due to the presence of two reactive groups, a bridge between the cellulose fibre and the guar thickener (3). The unmodified guar has a large number of free hydroxyl groups which cause crosslinking with cellulose and hinder the thickener to wash off, thus increasing the stiffness of the printing fabric. The further investigation has shown that this undesireous reaction with the guar molecules can be partly diminished by the suitable selection of chemically modified guar thickener or by lowering the dry substance content [4, 5].

In this paper the influence of nonsubstituted and different substitutited guar thickeners with monoreactive (vinylsulphone) dyes on the changing of fabric stiffness will be shown.     

一种新型镁合金脱漆剂的研制

以苯甲醇为主溶剂,乙烯基乙醚为助溶剂,三乙醇胺为活化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂,添加剂A为缓蚀剂,石蜡为阻挥发剂,甲基纤维素为增稠剂,制备了一种镁合金基体的新型低毒,低腐蚀性的脱漆剂.分别研究了主、助溶剂配比,活化剂、表面活性剂及增稠剂质量分数对脱漆剂脱漆时间的影响,同时研究了缓蚀剂对脱漆效果影响.结果表明,当w...     

Interaction between styrene/butylacrylate latex and water soluble associative thickener for coalescent free wall paints

The effect of water soluble hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide urethane (HEUR) thickener on coalescent free wall paints was studied. Three systems were looked at: latex/thickener blends, model paints (containing no fillers that could have an effect on paint rheology) and satin paints (PVC 30%). The latexes used were a styrene/butylacrylate copolymer, designed for coalescent free wall paints. A full factorial statistical experimental design was employed to study the effect of latex and formulation variables on the viscosity response for the full range of shear rates encountered in paint application. The factors considered in the design were total latex surface area, polymerization surfactant level, thickener type and thickener concentration. The surfactant level was varied between 0.85 and 1.71 parts. The two HEUR thickeners were selected based on the manufacturer's claim that they exhibited good performance at different shear rates. The thickener levels were the extremes recommended by the manufacturer. Measurements were done on Haake, Rheometrics, Brookfield and ICI Cone & Plate rheometers. Total latex surface area and the thickener level are the two significant parameters for latex thickener blends and for model paints at the same significance level, this indicates good correlation between the two systems. The introduction of clay as a filler decreases the effect of all parameters studied.     

碱溶性增稠剂研究进展

描述了碱溶性增稠剂的定义和分类和流变行为的研究。分别介绍了共聚单体、聚合物分子量、表面活性剂及交联单体对碱溶性增稠剂增稠剂性能影响的研究。同时介绍了碱溶性增稠剂疏水締合方面研究。     

Thickening of butyl acrylate/styrene/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/acrylic acid lattices with dispersion of crosslinked ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer

Thickening of lattices of styrene–acrylic copolymers containing a small amount of acrylic acid and various amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with alkali-swellable dispersion of crosslinked ethyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer has been studied using capillary viscometry and dynamic and steady shear measurements. The higher the amount of HEMA incorporated into the latex copolymers, the stronger the thickening effect is. A comparison of flow behavior of thickened systems with those of neat lattices confirmed a significant influence of the effective volume fraction of alkalinized swollen latex particles on the thickening process. Under these conditions, to obtain the same rheological properties, the necessary amount of thickener was lower for the latex copolymers with higher amounts of HEMA because a part of the thickener volume fraction was replaced by an increased volume fraction of swollen latex particles. These findings indicate weakly interacting dispersion systems without strong compression of particle domains.