应用退火工艺消除35CrNi3MoV钢的组织遗传

应用等温退火与其他工序相结合的方法对35 CrNi3 MoV钢进行热处理.结果表明,60 h等温退火+850℃/10 h正火不仅能够消除35 CrNi3 MoV钢的组织遗传,并且获得了细小均匀的等轴晶,晶粒度可达9～10级.在等温退火前进行高温预回火和临界区高温侧正火会阻碍退火过程中珠光体形成,保留组织遗传特性.     

35CrNi3MoV钢组织遗传消除工艺研究

通过试验研究了两种预备热处理工艺——两次高温正火工艺和临界区高温侧正火工艺以及最终热处理工艺对消除35CrNi3MoV钢组织遗传效果的影响。研究结果表明,两种预备热处理都有良好的消除组织遗传、细化晶粒的效果,最终热处理后,晶粒进一步细化。     

26Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢晶粒细化研究

探讨高温预回火和临界区正火(Ac1-Ac3)处理对26Cr2Ni4MoV汽轮机转子钢粗大奥氏体晶粒细化效果的影响.试验结果表明,经高温预回火+临界区正火+正常正火处理后26Cr2Ni4MoV钢试样晶粒度达7.5～8.0级.较长时间的高温预回火处理导致α相的回复再结晶,推迟片状奥氏体的形成.高温预回火后再经临界区高温侧正火易于球状奥氏体的形核长大,晶粒充分细化.     

30CrNi2MoV钢的组织遗传与晶粒细化

研究了淬火、低温预处理、正火等工艺对30CrNi2MoV钢组织与性能的影响.结果表明:30CrNi2MoV钢有很强烈的组织遗传性和晶界遗传性；低温预处理和正火都可以消除其组织遗传性和晶界遗传性、细化其奥氏体晶粒.30CrNi2MoV钢晶粒细化的最佳工艺为645℃回火+765℃退火+920℃正火.同时,利用研究结果制定出的晶粒细化方案为30CrNi2MoV钢的实际生产提供了依据.     

热处理对10CrNi3MoV钢组织与性能的影响

针对热加工后性能恶化的10CrNi3MoV钢,开展了循环淬火热处理工艺试验,进行力学性能测试、组织观察和晶粒度评定.结果表明,采用835 ℃×2 h淬火+820 ℃×2 h淬火+630 ℃×3 h回火新型调质工艺可有效细化10CrNi3MoV钢的晶粒,使之获得良好的强韧性匹配.     

35CrMo钢组织遗传消除工艺研究

通过对船用长轴类大锻件的热处理工艺研究得知,采用临界区高温侧正火热处理工艺可以有效消除35CrMo钢组织遗传现象,细化晶粒。     

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢消除混晶的方法

采用金相显微镜分析技术,针对30Cr2Ni4MoV大型转子钢锻件多次正火难以消除混晶的问题,研究比较了目前消除混晶最常用的多次高温正火工艺与高温侧正火工艺。结果表明,原始晶粒度为1级的晶粒,经三次高温正火晶粒度能达到7级,但经两次高温侧正火晶粒度就可达到8级。30Cr2Ni4MoV钢只需两次790℃高温侧正火,就能阻断粗大组织遗传,消除混晶,并有效细化晶粒。     

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢晶粒细化工艺方法研究

利用金相显微镜对不同热处理工艺下的显微组织进行观察,研究低压转子钢30Cr2Ni4Mo V晶粒度变化的规律。实验结果表明,粗大的奥氏体晶粒经临界区侧正火＋850℃×3 h淬火后,30Cr2Ni4Mo V钢试样的晶粒度等级最高可达8.0级;粗大的奥氏体晶粒经高温正火＋850℃×3 h淬火后,30Cr2Ni4Mo V钢试样的晶粒度等级可达6.5级。上述热处理工艺经二次正火加热后晶粒细化效果更佳。     

34CrNi3MoV钢箱体热处理工艺优化

对34CrNi3MoV钢箱体的热处理工艺和性能进行了分析对比。结果表明，预备热处理采用两次正火工艺，可均匀组织，细化晶粒，切断组织遗传，去氢防止白点，预备热处理后34CrNi3MoV钢的组织为铁素体基体上弥散分布粒状或球状碳化物，为调质处理实现组织准备。淬火温度的选择主要考虑横向冲击性能，当回火温度设定为605℃,淬火温度设定为850～870℃时，横向冲击性能较佳。34CrNi3MoV钢进行调质处理时，随着回火温度的变化，组织及性能变化比较显著。当淬火温度为860℃,回火温度为605℃时，硬度、室温拉伸和冲击性能均满足要求，综合性能最佳。     

亚温淬火对高温热成形后连铸10CrNi3MoV钢组织和性能的影响

研究了亚温淬火工艺参数对高温热成形后连铸10CrNi3MoV钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在亚温淬火工艺条件下,热成形后的连铸10CrNi3MoV钢组织得到细化,同时获得回火索氏体+贝氏体回火组织+粒状贝氏体+未溶铁素体的混合组织,使钢强韧性得到较大改善;在820℃×2 h淬火+800℃×2 h淬火+620℃×3 h回火工艺参数条件下处理时可获得良好的强韧性匹配。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。