反应挤出HDPE／PET共混物加工流变性能的研究

为改善聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ＰＥＴ）的成型加工性能,将高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）与ＰＥＴ进行共混。研究了不同配比的ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＥＴ共混物在不同转速下的剪切流变性能,同时,探讨了作为相容剂的ＥＶＡ、ＥＡＡ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＥＴ共混物加工流变性能的影响。     

PA6／PET共混物的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用等速升温和等速降温ＤＳＣ法对ＰＡ６／ＰＥＴ共混物的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究。在升温和降温ＤＳＣ相变曲线上，ＰＡ６／ＰＥＴ共混物具有双重熔融峰和双重结晶峰，表明ＰＡ６和ＰＥＴ组分可形成各自的结晶体。给出了各组分的结晶峰温度、结晶峰的半高宽、结晶半时间等表征结晶行为的参数，并讨论了影响结晶的因素。     

热致性液晶共聚酯／聚丙烯共混物

通过熔融共混制备了不同配比的（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ）／ＰＰ共混物，研究表明，共混物的弯曲弹性模量，弯曲强度及拉伸强度均比ＰＰ有所提高，当液晶含量为１５％，ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ为２０％时，（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ）（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）／ＰＰ三元共混物弯曲弹性模量最大，ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ作为两相界面相容剂，改善了两相间的亲合性。ＤＳＣ分析表明，共混物中ＰＰ相的结晶温度有较大幅度的提高，（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ）共聚酯起了ＰＰ结晶     

PET／PEA共混物的非管温结晶及晶态结构

采用升、降温ＤＳＣ和广角Ｘ射线衍射等测试手段研究了不同共混比的ＰＥＴ／液晶共聚酯酰胺（ＰＥＡ）机械共混物、溶液共混物的非等温结晶和晶态结构。结果表明ＰＥＡ在２０％的范围内能起到成核剂的作用促进ＰＥＴ结晶，并且当ＰＥＡ的加入量为２．５％时，ＰＥＴ最易结晶；共混物中ＰＥＴ的晶态结构受ＰＥＡ的影响不大，ＰＥＡ的引入使共混物各晶面间距增大，共混物的结晶度呈现先上升而后降低之趋势。     

PE—g—MI增容PET／PE共混体系的研究

介绍用溶液法合成ＰＥ－ｇ－马来酰亚胺（ＭＩ），并研究它作为相容剂对ＰＥＴ／ＰＥ共混物热、力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果表明，在ＰＥＴ／ＰＥ共混体系中，加入少量ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＩ，可较好地改善ＰＥＴ与ＰＥ之间的相容性，增加两相间的界面粘接力，同时对ＰＥＴ的结晶有较强的促进作用，使其冷结晶温度降低，并且即使在共混物的淬火过程中，ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＩ也能很好地诱导ＰＥＴ结晶。     

恶唑啉官能化聚苯乙烯对PA66／PET共混物性能的影响

研究了恶唑啉官能聚苯乙烯（ＲＰＳ）对聚酰胺６６／聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＡ６６／ＰＥＴ）共混物力学性能相容性的影响,结果表明;ＲＰＳ使该共混体系的力学性能和相容性和了明显的提高,组成为ＰＡ６６／ＰＥＴ／ＲＰＳ（８０：２０：５）共混物缺口冲击强度达１５．７ｋＪ／ｍ＾２,相当于纯ＰＡ６６的３倍。     

PET／PA66共混体系的DSC分析及相容性研究

采用溶液法、简单机械共混（熔融法Ｉ）和存在酯－酰胺交换反应共混法（熔融法Ⅱ）将聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）和聚酰胺６６（ＰＡ６６）共混，系统地进行了ＤＳＣ分析，并对ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６共混体系的相容性作了一定的探讨。结果表明：ＰＥＴ／ＰＡ６６共混体系为一热力学不相容体系，熔融法Ⅱ能提高共混物的相容性。     

PC/PET/PE-g-MAM三元共混体系流动性的研究

以ＰＥｇＭＡＨ 和ＰＥｇＭＡＮａ 、ＰＥｇＭＡＺｎ 马来酸盐离聚物为相容剂组成ＰＣ／ＰＥＴ／ＰＥｇＭＡＭ 三元共混体系。用毛细管流变仪研究了不同ＰＥｇＭＡＭ 的接枝率及用量对共混物流动性的影响,结果表明：马来酸盐离聚物增强了ＰＣ 和ＰＥＴ 间的相容性,当其含量或接枝率较大时,可以显著降低ＰＣ／ＰＥＴ 共混物的表观粘度,提高体系的流动性,相同接枝率的ＰＥｇＭＡＮａ 对共混体系表观粘度的影响更为显著。     

PET/TPEE共混物结晶行为的研究

运用ＤＳＣ、结晶速度仪对ＰＥＴ／ＴＰＥＥ共混物的结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明,随着ＴＰＥＥ添加量的增加,ＰＥＴ共混物的结晶诱导期缩短,总结晶速度加快,结晶活化能减小;证明ＴＰＥＥ是ＰＥＴ良好的结晶促进剂     

PC／PET／PE—g—MAM三元共混体系流动性的研究

以ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ和ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＮａ、ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＺｎ马来酸盐离聚物为相容剂性组成ＰＣ－ＰＥＴ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＭ三元共混体系。用毛细管流变仪研究了不同ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＭ的接枝率及用量对共混物流动性的影响。     

Influence of different compatibilizers on the morphology and properties of PA6/PET/glass fiber composites

Three kinds of compatibilizers, ethylene–ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA), ethylene–ethyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EAG), and ethene–maleic anhydride–glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EMG), were introduced to PA6/PET/GF blends for the first time to study the effect of different compatibilizers on composite. EEA, EAG, and EMG showed different effect on the properties of PA6/PET/GF blends. An observation of the GF–resin interface by scanning electronic microscope indicated EAG and EMG enhanced the adhesion of resin to GF, while EEA exhibited no improvement. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that both EMG and EAG increased the degree of crystallinity of the PA6/PET/GF blends, whereas EEA declined. According to dynamic mechanical analysis, EAG, and EMG remarkably increased the storage modulus of composites. For the composites at a given GF content of 30 wt %, EMG increased the tensile strength from 140.6 to 156.3 MPa. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46429.     

高分子相容剂对玻璃纤维增强PA66性能的影响

研究了高分子相容剂(PE-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH)对干态和湿态下玻璃纤维增强尼龙66(PA66)性能的影响。结果表明:在干态和湿态下,随着相容剂用量的增加,两种高分子相容剂都能使玻璃纤维增强PA66的冲击强度增大,而使其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量降低,其中POE-g-MAH增韧效果更为明显;吸水率随相容剂用量的增加而缓慢下降,但相容剂种类对吸水率影响较小。     

A quantitative estimation of the extent of compatibilization in heterogeneous polymer blends using their heat capacity increment at the glass transition

In this paper a new method based on the determination of heat capacity increment at the glass transition (ΔCp) is presented to quantify the effectiveness of compatibilizers for immiscible polymer blends. In order to show the validity of the method, two immiscible blends, polypropylene–poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PP–PET) and PP–polyamide‐6,6 (PP–PA66), and two compatibilizers, N, N‐dihydroxyethyl monomaleic amide–grafted PP (g–PP) alone and together with a phenolic resin (PR), were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations prove that the two compatibilizer systems are both effective for compatibilizing the blends, and the combined use of g–PP and PR is more effective than g–PP alone. Modulated‐temperature differential‐scanning calorimetry (M‐TDSC) determinations reveal that the ΔCp varies with the extent of compatibilization. For the uncompatibilized blends, the ΔCp for the PET component in PP–PET or for the PA66 component in PP–PA66 was found to be almost unchanged. After compatibilization these quantities become smaller. Also, the combined use of g–PP and PR results in the smallest ΔCp values for both blends. This ΔCp change with different compatibilizers is in very good agreement with the corresponding morphological variation observed by SEM. Thus, ΔCp can be taken as a new parameter for quantifying the extent of compatibilization, since it is a direct measure of interfacial content. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2868–2876, 1999     

聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐作为增容剂的应用

聚合物共混改性是制备新型高分子材料极为有交的方法，其中的关键是要解决各种聚合物之间一般相容性很差的问题，通常的解决办法是加入合适的增容剂，聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐（PO-g-MAH)是研究的很多的增容剂。制备聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐的方法有熔融法、溶液法、辐射法和固相法，其中最重要的方法是熔融法，笔者主要介绍了聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐作为增容剂在改性聚酰胺（PA6、PA66、PA12、PA1010）、聚酯（PET、PBT）、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）等聚合物共混物，聚烯烃/无机填料，聚烯烃/有机纤维，复合增强材料，粘结剂等方面的应用，聚烯烃接枝马来酸酐与其它聚合物原位反应生成共聚物，一方面降低了表面张力，使得分散相在基体中分散得更好；另一方面增强了两相的粘合力，从而达到了增容的目的。     

Synthesis and application of MDPE‐g‐GMA as reactive compatibilizer in blends of MDPE/PET and MDPE/PA6

In the present study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted medium density polyethylene (MDPE‐g‐GMA) was synthesized in the molten state and applied as a reactive compatibilizer in MDPE/polyamid6 (PA6) and in MDPE/poly(ethylene terephtalate) (PET) blends. Graft copolymerization of GMA onto MDPE was performed in presence and absence of styrene, with different concentrations of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator. In the presence of styrene, the MDPE‐g‐GMA with 6% GMA was obtained by addition of only 0.1 phr of DCP. Furthermore, the maximum grafting was reached when 0.6 and 0.7 phr concentration of DCP for styrene containing and styrene free samples were used, respectively. Torque‐time measurement showed faster grafting reaction rate in the presence of styrene. Four MDPE‐g‐GMA samples were selected as compatibilizers in the blends. Furthermore, the effects of melt flow index and grafting content of compatibilizers on mechanical properties and morphology of the blends were investigated through tensile tests and SEM analysis. Tensile test results indicated that the presence of compatibilizers in the blends led to 250 and 133% increase in elongation at break for PA6 and PET blends, respectively. Moreover, the best tensile results for blends were obtained using MDPE‐g‐GMA with high flow ability. The average particle size of the dispersed phase decreased by 350% for PA6 and 300% for PET blends compared with nonreactive blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Nanoindentation and morphological studies on nylon 66 nanocomposites. I. Effect of clay loading

Nanoindentation technique has been used to investigate the mechanical properties of exfoliated nylon 66 (PA66)/clay nanocomposites in present study. The hardness, elastic modulus and creep behavior of the nanocomposites have been evaluated as a function of clay concentration. It indicates that incorporation of clay nanofiller enhances the hardness and elastic modulus of the matrix. The elastic modulus data calculated from indentation load-displacement experiments are comparable with those obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis and the tensile tests. However, the creep behavior of the nanocomposites shows an unexpected increasing trend as the clay loading increases (up to 5 wt%). The lowered creep resistance with increasing clay content is mainly due to the decrease of crystal size and degree of crystallinity as a result of clay addition into PA66 matrix, as evidenced by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. At lower clay concentration (here ≤5 wt%), morphological changes due to addition of clay plays the dominant role in creep behavior compared with the reinforcement effect from nanoclay.     

PC/PET共混合金相容性的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜等测试手段对聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PC/PET）共混合金的相容性进行研究。结果表明,未添加相容剂时,随PET含量的增加,共混合金的两个玻璃化转变温度有相互靠近的趋势,说明此体系部分相容。PET的加入可明显改善共混合金的加工流动性。PET含量为65 %左右时改善效果最佳。相容剂的加入使共混合金的拉伸强度和弯曲强度略有下降,但缺口冲击强度得到较大提高,在PC/PET（30/70）中添加3份乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（PTW）或7份乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物（EEA）即可使缺口冲击强度由5.5 kJ/m2提高到10 kJ/m2以上。含有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）基团的相容剂PTW对两相界面的改善效果最好。     

Enhancing the crystallinity and heat resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using ZnCl2-ionized polyamide-66 as a heterogeneous nucleator

To achieve the maximal improvement in the crystallization rate and heat resistance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 2.6 mol% of ZnCl₂ ionized polyamide (PA)-66 (PA-66–Zn), with a strong coordination ability, is prepared and used as PET nucleator. This study found that the PA-66–Zn heterogeneously nucleates PET more effectively than the CaCl₂-ionized PA-66 and non-ionized PA-66 by differential scanning calorimetry, crystallization kinetics, X-ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscopy. This is probably a result of the introduction of stronger ion–dipole interactions (IDIs) between the PET esters and the ionized-PA-66 ZnCl₂-coordinating amides, which obviously heightens the PET/PA-66–Zn interfacial compatibility. As shown by scanning electron microscopy, the compatibilization through an appropriate concentration of IDIs promotes the formation of smaller and denser PA-66 crystals with immensely increased nucleator efficiency. Furthermore, the PET/PA-66–Zn with significantly improved crystallinity displays a remarkable increase in heat-resistant temperature, at 21.6 and 55.1°C higher than that of PET/PA-66 and PET, respectively. The results demonstrate that the PA-66–Zn can act as a superior nucleator and as an outstanding heat-resistant agent for PET.     

Effect of polymer microstructure on dye diffusion in polyamide 66 fibers

Our previous work showed that drawing polyamide 66 (PA 66) fibers at room temperature does not change the degree of crystallinity, but only increases the molecular orientation. We therefore have used a series PA 66 fibers with different draw ratios to establish a direct correlation between (noncrystalline) molecular orientation f_a and the dye diffusion coefficient D. For both acid and disperse dyes, the relationship log D ∝ f provides reasonable fits to the data for PA 66 fibers, and a similar relationship appears to be applicable to PA 6 fibers. Heat‐setting the fibers results in a continuous decrease in diffusion coefficient; unlike PA6 and PET fibers, no minimum in D was found in the region of 160°C. If this decrease in D is attributed to the increase in volume fraction crystallinity X taking place during heat‐setting, it must be deduced that log D ∝ X⁶. This dependence is surprisingly strong, but is consistent with observations we have made on PET and PA6 fibers. It is possible that some other structural rearrangement is partially or largely responsible for the decrease in diffusion coefficient, but Fourier transform infrared, density, and X‐ray diffraction measurements do not indicate any other structural changes taking place. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3803–3807, 2003     

酯交换反应对PET／PA6共混体系性能的影响

研究了PET与PA6在熔融共混时的酯-酰胺交换反应。采用DSC、SEM、FTIR等测试手段探讨了酯-酰胺交换反应对组分熔点、结晶度及共混物形态的影响。结果发现：酯-酰胺交换反应产生的嵌段共聚物会使组分熔点降低，且反应程度越深熔点降低越多；组分的结晶度也随酯-酰胺交换反应程度的加深而降低；产生的嵌段共聚物可增加组分间的相容性，提高共混体系的力学性能。