用热解吸法研究锂陶瓷中氚扩散行为

采用热解吸法研究了氚在锂陶瓷γ -LiAlO2 中的扩散行为。根据不同线性升温速率下的氚释放曲线 ,分别测出了以HTO形式释放的氚和以HT形式释放的氚的表观扩散活化能分别为(2 53± 50 )kJ·mol-1和 (12 7± 5)kJ·mol-1     

掺钆铈独居石陶瓷固化体在THMC耦合作用下的化学稳定性

以氧化钆、十水草酸铈和磷酸二氢铵为原料,采用热压烧结制备掺钆铈独居石陶瓷固化体,借助X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、能谱（EDS）和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱-质谱（ICP-MS）等分析手段,研究掺钆铈独居石陶瓷固化体的热压烧结及固化体在热-水-力-化学(THMC)耦合作用下的化学稳定性。结果表明,采用热压烧结技术,实现了单相Ce_0.9Gd_0.1PO₄陶瓷固化体的低温（1150～1200 ℃）、快速（2 h）烧结,固化体的相对密度达99.62%;在THMC耦合作用下（温度为90～200 ℃(0.101～1.554 MPa),pH=5～9）,固化体具有优异的化学稳定性,浸出时间为42 d时,模拟次锕系核素Gd的归一化浸出率在10^-6～10^-5 g/(m²•d）数量级;温度和pH值对Ce的归一化浸出率影响较小;温度对Gd的归一化浸出率没有影响;与弱碱性（pH=9）水溶液相比,在弱酸性（pH=5）和中性（pH=7）水溶液中,Gd的归一化浸出率相对较高。     

单斜相偏锆酸锂陶瓷氚增殖材料研究

单斜相偏锆酸锂是聚变堆中最有前途的氚增殖材料之一。该材料具有较高的锂原子密度和优异的氚释放行为，成为近年来最受重视的陶瓷氚增殖材料。在Ｌｉ２Ｏ－ＺｒＯ２二元系中，存在九种不同的锆酸锂相，因此制备单一相的锆锂陶瓷十分困难。本文作者以干法制备工艺为基础，从热扩散的角度分析了Ｌｉ２ＺｒＯ３的形成机理，改进了制备工艺，成功地制备出了单斜相Ｌｉ２ＺｒＯ２陶瓷材料粉末样品。     

Er_2Ti_2O_7烧绿石基玻璃陶瓷固化体的制备工艺研究

为获得含单一钛酸盐烧绿石的玻璃陶瓷固化体,本文以Er_2Ti_2O_7作为钛酸盐烧绿石代表,在传统的烧结法制备工艺基础上,通过热雾喷解和晶核掺入的技术改进,分别研究了烧结温度、烧结时间、玻璃与陶瓷晶核质量配比等参数对Er_2Ti_2O_7基玻璃陶瓷固化体物相及结构的影响规律。XRD结果表明:在不同的烧结温度、烧结时间和质量配比下,均能获得含单一Er_2Ti_2O_7烧绿石的玻璃陶瓷固化体,Er_2Ti_2O_7前驱体在玻璃中的相稳定性好,未发生相分解,玻璃组分亦未受陶瓷相的影响而析出第二相;玻璃组分对陶瓷颗粒存在张应力作用,玻璃含量越高,Er_2Ti_2O_7的晶胞常数越大;提高烧结温度和烧结时间均有利于增强固化体中Er_2Ti_2O_7的结构有序性,但烧结温度效果强于烧结时间。SEM结果表明:Er_2Ti_2O_7在玻璃基体上呈四方形生长,与玻璃界面清晰,相容性好。固化体的物性测试结果表明,玻璃组分占比将直接影响固化体的表观孔隙率和致密度。根据以上结果可知,新工艺制备的样品具有相纯度高、烧绿石相与玻璃相容性好、两相比例可调等优点,较好地解决了钛酸盐烧绿石在玻璃基体中易发生相分解的问题。     

产氚锂陶瓷的研究现状

本文概述了几类典型的锂陶瓷粉体制备、成型方法和释氚性能,分析了影响锂陶瓷释氚性能的因素,比较了锂陶瓷的成型方法及国内外锂陶瓷释氚性能研究的差距,提出了国内锂陶瓷发展方向。     

Er2Ti2O7烧绿石基玻璃陶瓷固化体的制备工艺研究

为获得含单一钛酸盐烧绿石的玻璃陶瓷固化体,本文以Er₂Ti₂O₇作为钛酸盐烧绿石代表,在传统的烧结法制备工艺基础上,通过热雾喷解和晶核掺入的技术改进,分别研究了烧结温度、烧结时间、玻璃与陶瓷晶核质量配比等参数对Er₂Ti₂O₇基玻璃陶瓷固化体物相及结构的影响规律。XRD结果表明：在不同的烧结温度、烧结时间和质量配比下,均能获得含单一Er₂Ti₂O₇烧绿石的玻璃陶瓷固化体,Er₂Ti₂O₇前驱体在玻璃中的相稳定性好,未发生相分解,玻璃组分亦未受陶瓷相的影响而析出第二相;玻璃组分对陶瓷颗粒存在张应力作用,玻璃含量越高,Er₂Ti₂O₇的晶胞常数越大;提高烧结温度和烧结时间均有利于增强固化体中Er₂Ti₂O₇的结构有序性,但烧结温度效果强于烧结时间。SEM结果表明：Er₂Ti₂O₇在玻璃基体上呈四方形生长,与玻璃界面清晰,相容性好。固化体的物性测试结果表明,玻璃组分占比将直接影响固化体的表观孔隙率和致密度。根据以上结果可知,新工艺制备的样品具有相纯度高、烧绿石相与玻璃相容性好、两相比例可调等优点,较好地解决了钛酸盐烧绿石在玻璃基体中易发生相分解的问题。     

锂漂移金硅面垒探测器长期稳定性

测试了北京综合仪器厂生产的锂漂移金硅面垒探测器的反向漏电流、零偏压电容、噪声甄别阈和对~(6O)Coγ射线计数率。给出了室温、高温下长期存放和长期工作的实验结果。指出了这种探测器在一定条件下作为γ照射量率探测元件的可能性,以及长期稳定性改善的方法。     

高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化研究进展

磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷是固化"难溶"核废料的优异基材,具有高的废料包容量和优异的稳定性,因而,磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化是高放核废料固化处理的重要研究方向之一。本文简要综述了高放核废料磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的类型、固化机理、固化体设计、稳定性及其制备,并对其研究做了展望。其今后研究方向主要包括:(1)磷酸盐玻璃固化体的中长期化学稳定性、蚀变规律和抗腐蚀机制的研究;关注其物理性能、热稳定性和辐照稳定性;(2)磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体的简洁制备工艺技术及其工艺原理,及其对设备和电极的侵蚀和寿命的影响。     

用^27Al（p,p′γ）^27Al瞬发核反应的γ射线产额衡量加速器的能量稳 …

报道了用＾２７Ａｌ（ｐ，ｐ′γ）＾２７Ａｌ瞬发核反应的γ射线产额测量４ＭＶ加速器的能量稳定性，并通过更中速器聚焦磁透镜电源，发现能量稳定性有较大提高。     

杂质与粉末粒度对钛酸锶源芯性能的影响

90Sr放射源是一种能量较强的β放射源,在诸多领域有着广泛的应用。由于钛酸锶陶瓷源芯的性能对90Sr源的安全性和制造工艺难度有着重要的影响,因此需要研究杂质含量和粉末颗粒度对钛酸锶陶瓷源芯力学性能和烧结稳定性的影响规律。采用正交实验方法,将钙、钡、锆杂质含量和粉末粒度作为四个因素,按照正交表L9(3^4)设计对照实验。对不同杂质含量以及不同粉末粒度条件下压制烧结出的钛酸锶源芯的密度、尺寸、抗压强度和硬度进行测试。结果表明,在固定的冷压烧结工艺参数条件下,原料颗粒度和杂质元素锆的含量对钛酸锶陶瓷源芯性能的影响明显,原料最佳粒度为10μm,锆含量必须控制在1%以下,杂质元素钙和钡的影响较小,其含量只需分别控制在2%和4%以内即可。研究结果可为制定钛酸锶原料的纯化制备工艺以及钛酸锶源芯的冷压烧结工艺提供参考。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.