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1.
Flux flow noise is investigated on niobium foils with isolated pinning structures such as a single grain boundary or a sample edge. Local analysis of the associated electric noise field in the sample shows that noise due to fluctuations of vortex velocity originates at these pinning structures. The local dependence of the noise field is described with a model using statistically independent electric noise dipoles.  相似文献   

2.
In the present study, we apply proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-differential (PD) feedback controls to flow over a circular cylinder at Re=60 and 100 for suppression of vortex shedding in the wake. The transverse velocity at a centreline location in the wake is measured and used for the feedback control. The actuation (blowing/suction) is provided to the flow at the upper and lower slots on the cylinder surface near the separation point based on the P, PI or PD control. The sensing location is varied from 1d to 4d from the centre of the cylinder. Given each sensing location, the optimal proportional gain in the sense of minimizing the sensing velocity fluctuations is obtained for the P control. The addition of I and D controls to the P control certainly increases the control performance and broadens the effective sensing location. The P, PI and PD controls successfully reduce the velocity fluctuations at sensing locations and attenuate vortex shedding in the wake, resulting in reductions in the mean drag and lift fluctuations. Finally, P controls with phase shift are constructed from successful PI controls. These phase-shifted P controls also reduce the strength of vortex shedding, but their results are not as good as those from the corresponding PI controls.  相似文献   

3.
涡声理论表明气流流动产生的噪声主要取决于声源项涡量与速度叉乘项的散度的强弱。基于涡声方程,通过分析汽车A柱附近流场中速度、涡矢量以及两者间夹角正弦值等物理量与气动噪声之间的关系,找到了影响A柱气动噪声的主要气动参数。研究表明,A柱区域气动噪声声压级与流场中速度和涡矢量的叉乘变化规律一致,进一步分析涡量、速度以及两者夹角正弦值等三个流场气动参量发现,三者中绕A柱轴向的涡量对噪声的贡献量最大。据此,通过在A柱上沿涡量方向加装扰流条可以有效控制A柱区域气动噪声;其中,增加16个扰流条的措施,可使前侧窗表面噪声最大降低4.2 dBA,对测点声压级的频谱分析表明该方法在较宽的频段内均有降噪效果。  相似文献   

4.
在管内平均气流流速10 m/s~100 m/s范围内,对长径比L/D=0.6的插入管型抗性消声器内部和外部声学特性进行了实验研究。探讨了气流流速大小和消声器结构参数的变化对插入管消声器声学特性的影响,并结合腔内气流涡模态和尾管声学模态对小长径比插入管消声器的声学特性机理进行了分析。实验及理论分析表明,气流流速对消声器内外声学特性均有明显的影响。与消声器静态特性不同的是,在有气流情况下必须计及腔体内上游插入管气流喷射引发的涡模态。计及气流影响的小长径比插入管消声器声学特性与消声器腔内气流再生噪声的涡模态和消声器尾管的声学模态关系密切,而与消声器空腔本体声学模态无关。  相似文献   

5.
空调离心叶轮尾流噪声的数值预估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于现有的计算技术限制,风机气动噪声的数值预估是非常困难的。对于单个离心叶轮,已知其最主要的气动噪声源是叶片尾缘涡脱落导致的叶片表面压力脉动。基于Lee(1993)的轴流风机尾流噪声模型,提出一种可适用于离心叶轮尾流噪声数值预估方法。它包括三项主要工作:首先利用商用CFD软件Fluent对叶轮内的三维流场进行了数值模拟,并对所得气动性能进行实验验证;然后对叶片尾缘附近的速度剖面进行分析,提取出吸力面和压力面两侧的边界层厚度;最后,根据改进的噪声预估模型对叶轮的总声压级进行数值预估,在设计工况附近所得结果与实验值相比误差小于3dB。  相似文献   

6.
依据仿生学原理将生物结构进行简化后应用到T型通水管路,基于有限元方法对仿生设计前后的T型管的声学模态进行了分析;采用CFD计算流体力学的方法对原管和仿生管进行流场计算;基于自主搭建的循环水管路系统噪声实验平台,测试原T型管原管的流噪声,以验证数值方法的可靠性;采用边界元方法对比分析了仿生织构管路和原管的流噪声。结果表明:与原管相比,仿生织构 T 型管在交界处的高速区域与低速区域面积在整个流体域的占比均减少,仿生织构极大降低了附近的速度梯度,显著抑制漩涡的产生,仿生管的出流段流场也更均匀,从而揭示了T型管仿生织构的降噪机理。较低流速下,仿生管对降低流噪声的改善效果低于1dB,对T型管流噪声的综合影响不大;较高流速下,仿生管降低流噪声接近7dB,综合改善效果十分明显;仿生织构的应用基本不会改变T型管的声学模态,对于仿生管耦合模态的第四阶、第五阶稍有变化,但随着壁面厚度的增加变化逐渐变小;对于流激振动噪声的控制,仿生织构设计仅适用于管壁较薄的T型三通管路,对管壁较厚的T型三通管路的降噪效果不明显。  相似文献   

7.
利用多喷嘴对置式气流床气化炉热模试验装置,对两喷嘴对置撞击火焰声学特性和压力波动进行了测量与实验研究,并通过Hilbert-Huang变换对火焰噪声信号及压力信号进行频谱分析。结果表明,气化炉内中高频压力波动主要由火焰撞击区内复杂的燃烧状况引发,并产生50~100 Hz频段的火焰噪声。射流火焰噪声受气化炉内低频压力波动影响,并且因来自撞击区的反向流的作用,火焰噪声的幅值和波形都会受到一定的影响。撞击区的火焰噪声信号与燃烧状况有一定的对应关系,可作为气化炉内火焰状况诊断的一种方式。  相似文献   

8.
L. Wang  Y.-H. Dong  X.-Y. Lu 《Acta Mechanica》2004,170(3-4):227-246
Summary. Large eddy simulation of a fully developed turbulent open channel flow with heat transfer is performed. The three-dimensional filtered Navier-Stokes and energy equations are numerically solved using a fractional-step method. Dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) models for the turbulent SGS stress and heat flux are employed to close the governing equations. The objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of turbulent flow and heat transfer in turbulent open channel flow, in particular for high Prandtl number, and to examine the reliability of the LES technique for predicting turbulent heat transfer near the free surface. The turbulent open channel flow with constant difference of temperature imposed on the free surface and bottom wall is calculated for the Prandtl number (Pr) from 1 up to 100, the Reynolds number (Re) 180 based on the wall friction velocity and the channel depth. To illustrate the turbulent flow and heat transfer behaviors, some typical quantities, including the mean velocity, temperature and their fluctuations, heat transfer coefficients, turbulent heat fluxes, and flow structures of velocity and temperature fluctuations, are exhibited and analyzed.  相似文献   

9.
The flow boiling heat transfer in microchannels have become important issue because it is extremely high-performance heat exchanger for electronic devices. For a detailed study on flow boiling heat transfer in a microtube, we have used a transparent heated microtube, which is coated with a thin gold film on its inner wall. The gold film is used as a resistance thermometer to directly evaluate the inner wall temperature averaged over the entire temperature measurement length. At the same time, the transparency of the film enables the observation of fluid behavior. Flow boiling experiments have been carried out using the microtube under the following conditions; mass velocity of 105 kg/m2 s, tube diameter of 1 mm, heat flux in the range of 10 ~ 380 kW/m2 s, and the test fluid used is ionized water. Under low heat flux conditions, the fluctuations in the inner wall temperature and mass velocity are closely related; the frequency of these fluctuations is the same. However, the fluctuations in the inner wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient are found to be independent of the fluctuation in the mass velocity under high heat flux conditions.  相似文献   

10.
We present data of the elastic properties of the Laves phase compound CeRu2 in the normal and superconducting state obtained from ultrasound measurements. In the temperature range between the superconducting transition temperature of 6.1 K and 300 K we used a deformation potential coupling approach to describe the temperature dependence of the elastic constants. The elastic anomalies in the superconducting state are characterised with the model of thermally assisted flux flow (TAFF). This enables us to construct a detailed superconducting B-T phase diagram including the vortex dynamics and interpret the peak effect region. Especially the ultrasonic measurements exhibit clearly the connection between the normal state and the superconducting properties. They show that structural fluctuations have strong effects on the superconductivity and on the vortex dynamics.  相似文献   

11.
The recombination of two vortex filaments in a viscous incompressible fluid is analysed by the use of the vorticity equation. The analysis is confined to a local flow field, where the recombination process occurs, and is based on several assumptions, such as the conservation of the fluid impulse, spatial symmetry of the flow field etc. The flow field is expanded as polynomials of coordinates, and variations of their coefficients are obtained by the use of the vorticity equation. It is proved that the process is completed within a short time ofO (σ 2/Γ) and the viscous effect is essential;σ and Γ are the size and the circulation of the vortex filaments, respectively. This result is applied to predict the far-field noise of a circular jet by assuming that the main noise source is the recombination process in deformed vortex rings in the jet near field. The predicted noise intensity shows theU dependence and has an additional new factor (d/σ)6;U is the jet velocity andd is the average spacing between vortex rings.  相似文献   

12.
Magnetostrictive offset and noise in flux gate magnetometers   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Longitudinal magnetostriction of the core material is found to be the principal source of offset and noise in present state-of-the-art flux gate magnetometers. Magnetostrictive offset is identified with even harmonics of the steady-state induced EMF resulting from the periodic elongation (or contraction) of the core material. Magnetostrictive noise is identified with random fluctuations of the magnetostrictive offset caused by frictional forces exceeding the magnetostrictive stress when the core material is near zero elongation. An analytical model and experimental results of magnetostrictive offset and noise are presented. It is expected that flux gate magnetometers with zero magnetostriction of the core material will yield a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio with corresponding decreases in offset and magnetomotive drive power.  相似文献   

13.
The flux-line lattice in type-II superconductors has unusual nonlocal elastic properties which make it soft for short wavelengths of distortion. This softening is particularly pronounced in the highly anisotropic high-T c superconductors (HTSC) where it leads to large thermal fluctuations and to thermally activated depinning of the Abrikosov vortices. Numerous transitions are predicted for these layered HTSC when the temperatureT, magnetic inductionB, or current densityJ are changed. In particular, the flux lines are now chains of two-dimensional (2D) “pancake vortices” which may “evaporate” by thermal fluctuations or may depin individually. At sufficiently highT, ohmic resistivityρ(T, B) is observed down toJ → 0. This indicates that the flux lines are in a “liquid state” with no shear stiffness and with small depinning energy or that the 2D vortices can move independently. At lowerT, ρ(T, B, J) is nonlinear since the pinning energy of an elastic vortex lattice or “vortex glass” increases with decreasingJ as predicted by theories of collective pinning and by “vortex glass” scaling.  相似文献   

14.
Measurements of the electrical resistance and noise in YBCO high-T c granular superconductors show that the separation between the noise peak, which is near the zero-resistance temperature, and the maximum of the |dR/dT| from the high temperatures, increases with the magnetic field. In a variable magnetic field, the separation between the peak in the noise and the peak in |dR/dH| increases with the temperature. The thermal fluctuations are enhanced by a high applied magnetic field and by a high temperature. In the low-temperature part of the superconducting transition, there are oscillations of the thermal fluctuations whose peaks are increased toward high temperatures. The range between the successive peaks of |dR/dT| is decreased at high temperatures because the number of the vortex lines within the vortex bundles is diminished.  相似文献   

15.
以2 MW风力机为研究对象,用Pro/E进行三维建模,用Fluent对其流场和声场进行仿真分析。采用大涡模拟(LES)模型求解风力机流场非定常流动,获得流场漩涡强度和流线,采用FW-H声学模型计算气动噪声。结果表明,由叶根至叶尖漩涡强度和声压脉动逐渐加强,在叶尖区域达到最大值,叶尖区域是风力机噪声主要来源,叶片背风面漩涡强度和声压脉动比迎风面高,导致距风力机相同距离的背风面合成声压级高于迎风面,塔影效应是风力机气动噪声重要组成部分,气动噪声主要是中低频噪声。  相似文献   

16.
Measurements of the electrical resistance and noise in YBCO high-T c granular superconductors show that the separation between the noise peak, which is near the zero-resistance temperature, and the maximum of the |dR/dT| from the high temperatures, increases with the magnetic field. In a variable magnetic field, the separation between the peak in the noise and the peak in |dR/dH| increases with the temperature. The thermal fluctuations are enhanced by a high applied magnetic field and by a high temperature. In the low-temperature part of the superconducting transition, there are oscillations of the thermal fluctuations whose peaks are increased toward high temperatures. The range between the successive peaks of |dR/dT| is decreased at high temperatures because the number of the vortex lines within the vortex bundles is diminished.  相似文献   

17.
For many years the classical Hall-Vinen-Iordanski (HVI) equation has been used to analyse vortex dynamics in superfluids. Here we discuss the extension of the theory of vortex dynamics to the quantum regime, in which the characteristic vortex frequency is higher than the temperature. At the same time we justify, in the low-frequency classical regime, the use of the HVI equation, provided an inertial mass term and a noise fluctuation term are added to it. The crossover to the quantum regime is discussed, and an intuitive picture is given of the vortex dynamics, which in general is described by 2 equations (one for the vortex coordinate, and one for its quantum fluctuations); we also discuss the simple equation of motion found in the extreme quantum regime.  相似文献   

18.
Temperature measurements during flow boiling of R134a in a 0.96 mm single circular channel are reported in order to provide a criterion for the determination of the critical conditions in the channel. The flow boiling heat transfer is obtained by using a secondary fluid; the wall temperature displays larger fluctuations in the zone where dryout occurs. These temperature fluctuations in the wall denote the presence of a liquid film drying up at the wall with some kind of an oscillating process. These temperature fluctuations never appear during condensation tests, neither are present during flow boiling at low vapour qualities. The fluctuations also disappear in the post-critical condition zone. Experimental values of dryout quality measured with the above method are reported in this paper at mass velocity ranging between 300 and 600 kg m?2s?1. In the practical applications of flow boiling, the dryout quality is a key parameter in the two-phase systems for cooling of devices, both for ground and microgravity applications. The test conditions reported here refer to relatively high mass velocities, and are obtained at earth gravity. Nevertheless, since the critical heat flux differences between the two gravity environments decrease with increasing velocity, the present data may also be used for inertia dominated systems at low g.  相似文献   

19.
Measurements of 1/f (or flicker) frequency fluctuations in SAW resonators fabricated with etched groove reflectors on single crystal quartz have shown that the observed noise levels vary inversely with device size. These measurements were made on sixteen 450 MHz resonators of four different sizes. The 1/f noise levels were also evaluated on twenty-eight other SAW resonators ranging in frequency from 401 to 915 MHz. This additional data provides valuable information on the dependence of the flicker noise levels on resonator frequency. A model based an localized, independent velocity fluctuations in the quartz is proposed which correctly fits the observed size and frequency dependence of the measured 1/f noise levels. This model suggests that the velocity fluctuations originate in small regions (much less than ~5 mum in diameter) randomly distributed throughout the quartz with an average separation of about 5 mum between independent (incoherent) sources. The magnitude of the localized fractional velocity fluctuations, Deltav/v, averaged over a 5 micron cube is on the order of 1x10 (-9).  相似文献   

20.
姚杨  孙占朋  张茹  杨光 《精密成形工程》2023,15(10):196-203
目的 研究激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)中成形腔内保护气的流动规律,获得气流速度脉动和旋涡等流场非稳态特征及其变化规律。方法 利用热线测速计测量腔内的瞬时速度,研究保护气的速度分布及其脉动特性;基于数值模拟方法探究腔内气流形成的旋涡情况,分析涡的分布及其旋转速度;利用烟雾示踪方法对保护气流场进行可视化处理,分析气流的运动过程。结果 腔内气流经历了射流扩散、上下波动、大涡流、汇流等复杂运动过程,气流速度随时间的变化呈明显脉动特征,且气流脉动幅度受位置影响较大,进出风口的平面流速最大可达2.4 m/s,最小为0.25 m/s。同时,气速随平面高度的增大而逐渐减小;腔内存在以纵向大尺度旋涡为主、若干小尺度旋涡共同作用的涡流,由腔内边壁至中心,涡流切向速度呈先上升后下降的趋势,且随入口气速的增大而增大,在切向速度急剧降低的腔体角落、透镜等区域,易形成流动“死区”,导致烟尘颗粒聚集且难以排出,影响构件的高质量成形制造。结论 保护气在LPBF成形腔内形成了复杂的非稳态流动,并以剧烈的速度脉动和多尺度的涡流为典型特征,而针对非恒定的层流、成形腔结构的优化设计仍需进行更深入的研究。  相似文献   

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