Development of High Strength and Toughness Non-Heated Al–Mg–Si Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting

Based on the 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiment method, compositional effects of Mg, Si, and Ti addition on the microstructures, tensile properties, and fracture behaviors of the high-pressure die-casting Al-x Mg-y Si-z Ti alloys have been investigated. The analysis of variance shows that both Mg and Si apparently infl uence the tensile properties of the alloys, while Ti does not. The tensile mechanical properties are comprehensively infl uenced by the amount of eutectic phase(α-Al + Mg_2Si), the average grain size, and the content of Mg dissolved into α-Al matrix. The optimized alloy is Al-7.49 Mg-3.08 Si-0.01 Ti(wt%), which exhibits tensile yield strength of 219 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 401 MPa, and elongation of 10.5%. Furthermore, contour maps, showing the relationship among compositions, microstructure characteristics, and the tensile properties are constructed, which provide guidelines for developing high strength and toughness Al–Mg–Si–Ti alloys for high-pressure die-casting.     

Effect of Cu addition on microstructure and properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb high zinc magnesium alloy

To improve the strength,hardness and heat resistance of Mg-Zn based alloys,the effects of Cu addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb high zinc magnesium alloy were investigated by means of Brinell hardness measurement,scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),XRD and tensile tests at room and elevated temperatures.The results show that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb alloy is composed of α-Mg,t-Mg32(Al,Zn)49,φ-Al2Mg5Zn2 and Mg3Sb2 phases.The morphologies of these phases in the Cu-containing alloys change from semi-continuous long strip to black herringbone as well as particle-like shapes with increasing Cu content.When the addition of Cu is over 1.0wt.%,the formation of a new thermally-stable Mg2Cu phase can be observed.The Brinell hardness,room temperature and elevated temperature strengths firstly increase and then decrease as the Cu content increases.Among the Cu-containing alloys,the alloy with the addition of 2.0wt.% Cu exhibits the optimum mechanical properties.Its hardness and strengths at room and elevated temperatures are 79.35 HB,190MPa and 160MPa,which are increased by 9.65%,21.1% and 14.3%,respectively compared with those of the Cu-free one.After T6 heat treatment,the strengths at room and elevated temperatures are improved by 20% and 10%,respectively compared with those of the as-cast alloy.This research results provide a new way for strengthening of magnesium alloys at room and elevated temperatures,and a method of producing thermally-stable Mg-10Zn-5Al based high zinc magnesium alloys.     

Zn含量对Mg-Gd-Zn合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

研究了3种成分的Mg-11Gd-(1,1.5,2)Zn合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,合金的铸态显微组织均由α-Mg基体、(Mg,Zn)3Gd共晶相和14H型LPSO相组成。铸态组织中(Mg,Zn)3Gd相的体积分数随Zn含量的增加而增大,且其热稳定性不断提高。同时,合金中LPSO相的体积分数也随Zn含量的增加而逐渐增大。合金在常温时的抗拉强度随着Zn含量的增加而降低,其中Zn含量较少的Mg-11Gd-1Zn合金在T6处理后呈现最高的强度和良好的塑性。当Zn含量较多时,合金T6处理的效果却远低于T5处理。随Zn含量的增加,合金在200℃高温下的抗蠕变性能也略有下降,但3种合金的抗蠕变性能都优于WE54合金。     

热处理工艺对高真空压铸Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.4Zr镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究T4和T6热处理状态下高真空压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr（质量分数,%）合金的微观组织、化合物含量、力学性能及断裂行为。铸态Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金微观组织主要由α-Mg和共晶Mg24（Gd,Y）5化合物组成。经固溶处理后,共晶化合物大量溶解于镁基体,合金主要含过饱和α-Mg及方块相。固溶合金中方块相的含量随固溶温度的升高而增大,力学性能也有所提高。根据微观组织结果,确定475℃,2 h为Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金最优固溶方案。合金的最佳屈服强度为222.1 MPa,延伸率可达15.4%。铸态,T4状态下和T6状态下合金的拉伸断裂模式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

定向凝固多孔Mg-Zn合金的制备及气孔结构

采用Bridgman型定向凝固法制备出藕状多孔Mg-Zn合金.研究了不同锌含量和氢气压力对气孔形貌的影响.通过理论计算对Mg-1Zn(质量分数,％,下同)合金的孔隙率进行了预测.结果表明,锌元素的加入会对孔结构产生重大影响.随着Zn含量从0％增加到2％,平均孔径增加.随着氢气压力从0.1 MPa增加到0.6 MPa,M...     

Effects of Sb Addition on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg–9Al–5Sn Alloy

The Mg–9Al–5Sn-xSb(x=0.0,0.3,0.6,1.0,1.5 wt%) alloys were prepared by a simple alloying process followed by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 28.2. The effects of Sb additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg–9 Al–5 Sn alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The results indicated that the phases α-Mg matrix, Mg_2_Sn, Mg_3Sb_2 and Mg_17 Al_12 exist in the as-cast Sb-containing alloys. Sb addition results in the precipitation of Mg_3Sb_2. The dendritic size of these alloys decreases with the addition of Sb. Both their ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of extruded alloys increase, and their elongation decreases gradually with increasing the content of Sb. The better mechanical properties of the as-extruded alloys were achieved due to the refined grains and the formation of dispersive second phases Mg_3Sb_2.     

Effects of Minor Zr and Sr on As-Cast Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn (wt.%) Magnesium Alloy

The effects of minor Zr and Sr on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn (wt.%) alloy were investigated using optical and electron microscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and tensile and creep tests. The microstructural results indicate that small additions of Zr and/or Sr to the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn alloy do not cause an obvious change in the morphology and distribution of the Mg₁₂YZn phase in the alloy. The tensile and creep tests indicate that, although small additions of Zr and/or Sr to the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn alloy do not have obvious effects on the creep properties of the alloy, the tensile properties at room temperature and 300 °C for the alloys added with Zr and/or Sr are improved. Among the Zr- and/or Sr-containing alloys, the alloy specifically added with of 0.5 wt.% Zr + 0.1 wt.% Sr obtains the optimum tensile properties, and is followed by the alloys added with 0.5 wt.% Zr and 0.1 wt.% Sr.     

往复挤压对Mg-6%Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了往复挤压对铸造Mg-6%Si (质量分数,下同)合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：往复挤压4道次后,Mg-6%Si合金的显微组织得到显著细化,粗大树枝状的初生Mg2Si相变为细小颗粒状,而汉字状的共晶Mg2Si相也变为弥散分布的点状相,且这些颗粒状的Mg2Si相均匀分布在基体中。往复挤压4道次后,Mg-6%Si合金的抗拉强度和延伸率分别提高了82.3%和810.9%。断口分析表明,往复挤压合金的断裂模式由脆性断裂转变为韧-脆性断裂。     

耐热Mg-Zn-Si-Ca合金的显微组织和力学性能

开发了一种新型的Mg Zn Si Ca合金 ,研究了新合金的组织与力学性能之间的关系。研究结果表明 ,Mg 6Zn 1Si合金有较好的综合力学性能。但是由于合金中的主要强化相Mg2 Si呈粗大的汉字状 ,分布于晶界周围 ,在受到应力作用时 ,这种汉字状相与基体的界面处容易产生微裂纹 ,降低合金的抗拉强度、塑性等力学性能。在Mg 6Zn 1Si合金中加入微量Ca后 ,合金的组织得到明显细化 ,并使Mg2 Si强化相形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为细小、弥散分布的颗粒状。由于显微组织的改善 ,使得Mg 6Zn 1Si合金的室温和高温力学性能均有一定的提高     

Effect of Nd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al alloy

In order to improve the mechanical properties of Mg-Li alloy with single β phase structure, Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) alloy was prepared. Subsequently, the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties were observed and tested. The results showed that the structure of Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) as-cast alloy was composed of β phase matrix and Al_2Nd, Al_(11)Nd_3, MgLiAl_2, Al_4Li_9 and AlLi phases. With the increase of Nd content in the alloy, the Al-Nd intermetallic compounds have a trend to change from needle-like Al_(11)Nd_3 to granular Al_2Nd. The hardness of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al-xNd(x=0.3, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0wt.%) alloy was stable at room temperature. The tensile strength of Mg-12Li-3Al-1.1Nd was as high as 180 MPa, the elongation rate of Mg-12Li-3Al-0.7Nd reached 53.7%, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-12Li-3Al-2.0Nd was the best. PLC phenomenon occurred during the tensile process of the alloys at room temperature. Therefore, the β-based Mg-Li alloy with good plasticity as well as enhanced strength can be obtained by a moderate addition of Nd and Al.     

金属型铸造Mg-Zn-Sn合金的非平衡组织及力学性能

采用金属型铸造了Zn、Sn不同质量分数但总量为10%的Mg-xZn-(10-x)Sn合金,研究了其铸态组织特别是非平衡共晶组织及合金的力学性能。结果表明,Mg-Zn-Sn合金铸态组织为α-Mg、MgZn及(或)Mg2Sn相组成。Mg-9Zn-Sn和Mg-Zn-9Sn合金均产生了层片状共晶相,Mg-5Zn-5Sn合金中的共晶β相(MgZn和Mg2Sn)呈小块状均匀分布在晶界上,且基本上均为离异型共晶。采用夏尔公式计算出合金的非平衡共晶体积分数,Mg-9Zn-Sn合金中的共晶分数最高达14%,共晶组织几乎都呈现片状结构。力学性能试验结果表明,Mg-5Zn-5Sn合金具有最好的综合力学性能。此外,根据Zn、Sn原子在Mg中的固溶量的测试结果,进一步分析了合金的强韧性。     

Zn对铸态Mg-10Gd-3Sm-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用熔炼铸造法制备了添加0~2%Zn(质量分数)的Mg-10Gd-3Sm-0.5Zr合金,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和拉伸性能测试等分析了Zn对铸态Mg-10Gd-3Sm-0.5Zr合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:铸态Mg-10Gd-3Sm-0.5Zr合金由粗大枝晶α-Mg基体和晶界处半连续分布稀土相Mg41(Sm,Gd)5和Mg5Gd(Sm)组成,加入Zn元素后,在合金中产生了新相(Mg,Zn)3(Sm,Gd)1;铸态Mg-10Gd-3Sm-xZn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸力学性能随着Zn元素含量的增加先升高后降低,当Zn的添加量为1%时,综合力学性能最好,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为215 MPa、173 MPa和5.5%;合金的断裂方式主要为脆性断裂,加入Zn元素后有向韧性断裂转变的趋势。     

Influence of Cu Addition on the Structure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Cast Mg-2%Zn Alloy

Effects of different concentrations of Cu on the structure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-2%Zn alloy were studied by the use of x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, standard tensile testing, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The average grain size of the alloy decreased from above 1000 μm to about 200 μm with 5 wt.% Cu addition in as-cast condition. Microstructural studies revealed that Mg-2Zn-xCu alloys matrix typically consists of primary α-Mg and MgZnCu and Mg(Zn,Cu)₂ intermetallics which are mainly found at the grain boundaries. The results obtained from mechanical testing ascertained that Cu addition increased the hardness values significantly. Although the addition of 0.5 wt.% Cu improved the ultimate tensile strength and elongation values, more Cu addition (i.e., 5 wt.%) weakened the tensile properties of the alloy by introducing semi-continuous network of brittle intermetallic phases. Based on polarization test results, it can be concluded that Cu eliminates a protective film on Mg-2%Zn alloy surface. Among Mg-2%Zn-x%Cu alloys, the one containing 0.1 wt.% Cu exhibited the best anti-corrosion property. However, further Cu addition increased the volume fraction of intermetallics culminating in corrosion rate enhancement due to the galvanic couple effect. EIS and microstructural analysis also confirmed the polarization results.     

通过凝固冷却速率调整Zn-1Mg-(0.5Mn,0.5Ca)合金的显微组织和显微硬度

生物可降解锌基合金,特别是添加合金元素的锌-镁(Zn-Mg)合金,已获得广泛研究以改善其力学性能和腐蚀性能.由于这些性能主要依赖于合金的显微组织,因此任何评价都应该从了解影响其形成的条件开始.本研究旨在探讨凝固冷却速率对Zn-1Mg-(0.5Ca,0.5Mn)(质量分数,％)合金瞬态凝固过程中显微组织演化的影响.结果表...     

Mg-(11-13)Gd-1Zn变形镁合金的组织和力学性能

制备了3种成分的Mg-Gd-Zn三元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了较系统的研究.结果表明,Mg-（11-13）Gd-1Zn（质量分数,%）三元合金的铸态组织由α-Mg,（Mg,Zn）₃Gd和具有14H结构的长周期堆垛有序相（14H-LPSO）组成;（Mg,Zn）₃Gd呈现典型的网状共晶形貌,其体积分数随Gd含量的增加而增大.热挤压过程中（Mg,Zn）₃Gd相破碎,其颗粒沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的（Mg,Zn）₃Gd颗粒之间.铸态和挤压态合金在高温固溶处理后,14H-LPSO相的体积分数增加,大部分（Mg,Zn）₃Gd相溶入基体.挤压态合金经固溶和时效（T6）处理后,显微组织中14H-LPSO相的体积分数大幅度增加,而且出现了β′和β₁沉淀颗粒.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理（T5）过程中也形成了β′和β₁沉淀,但14H-LPSO相没有显著增加.3种合金中Mg-11Gd-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好,抗拉强度高达416 MPa.     

Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al−xMg−3Zn−1Cu cast alloys

Effects of Mg content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al?xMg? 3Zn?1Cu cast alloys (x=3?5, wt.%) were investigated. As Mg content increased in the as-cast alloys, the grains were refined due to enhanced growth restriction, and the formation of η-Mg(AlZnCu)₂ and S-Al₂CuMg phases was inhibited while the formation of T-Mg₃₂(AlZnCu)₄₉ phase was promoted when Mg content exceeded 4 wt.%. The increase of Mg content encumbered the solution kinetics by increasing the size of eutectic phase but accelerated and enhanced the age-hardening through expediting precipitation kinetics and elevating the number density of the precipitates. As Mg content increased, the yield strength and tensile strength of the as-cast, solution-treated and peak-aged alloys were severally improved, while the elongation of the alloys decreased. The tensile strength and elongation of the peak-aged Al?5Mg?3Zn?1Cu alloy exceed 500 MPa and 5%, respectively. Precipitation strengthening implemented by T′ precipitates is the predominant strengthening mechanism in the peak-aged alloys and is enhanced by increasing Mg content.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA62 based magnesium alloys with calcium addition

As-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-2Al-0.3Mn (ZA62) alloys with calcium addition were investigated.The as-cast microstructure of the base alloy ZA62 consists of the α-Mg matrix and eutectic phase Mg51Zn20.The Mg51Zn20 eutectic was gradually replaced by MgZn phase and Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase when calcium is added into the base alloy.Further addition of calcium leads to the increase of grain boundary phases and formation of a new quaternary Mg-Zn-Al-Ca eutectic compound.In comparison with the base alloy,the increase of calcium addition to the base alloy results in the reduction of both strength and ductility at ambient temperature,but increase at elevated temperatures due to the thermal stability of Ca-containing phases.At elevated temperatures,the creep resistance of ZA62 based alloys containing calcium is significantly higher than that of AZ91 which is the most commonly used magnesium alloy.     

钆对Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金铸态组织与力学性能的影响

采用锂盐熔剂保护熔铸Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd(x=1,3,5)合金铸锭,研究钆含量对铸态合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金基体由α-Mg(HCP)和β-Li(BCC)双相构成。随着钆含量的增加,Mg₅Gd共晶相和Zn₁₂Gd化合物相逐渐连成网状,将基体α+β双相隔离成20～40μm的等轴状或类似于铸铁中的共晶团状,可有效细化α-Mg相和连续的β-Li相;组织中大颗粒Mg₂Zn₁₁相弥散分布在β-Li相内,Mg₅₁Zn₂₀相分布在α-Mg晶界处;锌元素还可以在β-Li相中析出细小弥散分布的MgZn相,其数量随钆含量的增加而增加,可直接弥散强化β-Li相。此外,锌和钆对合金硬度的影响较大,随着钆含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度提高,但伸长率降低。     

化学成分对高强Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响

通过电子拉伸试验机、扫描电镜、透射电镜等研究了5种不同合金成分对高强Al-Mg-Si合金组织和性能的影响。结果发现,5种 Al-Mg-Si合金微观组织、力学性能以及导电性能都强烈依赖于合金中Mg和Si含量。随着Mg、Si含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度增加,同时导电率呈现下降的趋势。Al-0.7Mg-0.5Si和Al-0.6Mg-0.6Si相比,虽然两种合金的Mg、Si原子总量相当,但是由于Mg/Si比不同,导致二者微观组织明显不同,性能存在明显的差异。Ce微合金化使Al-0.7Mg-0.6Si-0.2Ce合金的力学性能和电学性能获得良好的匹配,175 ℃时效4 h的抗拉强度达到325 MPa,同时导电率达到56.2%IACS。     

Fluidity,Microstructure, and Tensile Properties of Sub-rapidly Solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn-xSn(x=0,0.6,1.2,1.8) Alloy

In this paper, the infl uence of the Sn element on the melt viscosity, grain size, shrinkage, and tensile properties of the subrapidly solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was studied. The results showed that the melt viscosity of the Mg-6Al-4Zn alloy was greatly decreased because of the addition of Sn. As the content of Sn increased from 0 to 1.8 wt.%, the grain size of the alloy was refined, and the dendrite microstructure was changed to rose-shaped ones simultaneously. The decreased melt viscosity and refined microstructure were conductive to the feeding of melt, which contributed to the reduction in volume fraction of shrinkage. The volume fraction of shrinkage of the Mg-6Al-4Zn-1.2 Sn alloy was reduced by 30.8%, compared with that of the alloy without Sn addition. Tensile properties of the Mg-6Al-4Zn-x Sn alloys were increased firstly and then decreased with the augmented Sn content. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the alloy containing 1.2 wt.% Sn were 21.4%, 39.5%, and 259.0% higher than those of the alloy without Sn addition, respectively. The addition of Sn was considered to reduce the shrinkage of the sub-rapidly solidified Mg-6Al-4Zn magnesium alloy and thus improved its tensile properties. To identify the mechanism, the effect of Sn on the volume fraction of shrinkage was discussed from three aspects of melt viscosity, grain refinement, and volume fraction of eutectic phases.