薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢水凝固传热数值模拟

为研究薄板坯连铸高拉速下结晶器内坯壳生长过程,利用ANSYS有限元模拟软件,建立了CSP薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢水凝固传热数学模型,并通过实际测量得到的凝固坯壳厚度验证了模型的合理性。对结构用钢Q235B钢种,1 500 mm×60 mm规格在结晶器内凝固过程进行了模拟,研究了不同拉速、不同结晶器冷却水量对凝固的影响。研究结果表明,随着拉速降低,坯壳厚度增加;随着结晶器水量增大,坯壳厚度增加,模拟结果与实测结果相符合,为实际生产优化工艺参数提供了理论参考。     

矩形电磁软接触连铸结晶器内弯月面行为

通过静态热模拟实验,采用低熔点Sn-32%Pb-52%Bi(质量分数)合金作为钢液的模拟介质,研究不同工艺参数下矩形电磁软接触连铸结晶器内弯月面行为的变化规律。结果表明:由于矩形电磁软接触结晶器本身的结构限制,其弯月面沿周向上的分布具有不均匀性;随电源功率增大,弯月面高度增大,同时波动加剧;实际生产中线圈应尽量靠近结晶器口部位置安装,有利于提高弯月面高度和增强弯月面稳定性;浇注过程中,应该使浇注液面尽可能的控制在线圈中心偏上位置;当电源频率增大时,应该同时适当的提高电流来保证软接触效果。     

薄板坯连铸凝固状态分析与结晶器长度设计

推导了薄板坯连铸过程中钢液在结晶器内的凝固传热有限元方程,开发了钢液凝固状态及温度场分布的模拟分析软件,探讨了拉坯速度及结晶器长度对结晶器出口坯壳厚度的影响。     

薄板坯连铸漏斗型结晶器内流动、传热和凝固行为的数值研究

针对薄板坯连铸漏斗型结晶器,建立了钢液流动与凝固传热的三维耦合模型,在不改变造型复杂的水口和漏斗型结晶器的尺寸和结构的前提下,计算分析了不同操作参数——拉坯速度和浇注温度对结晶器内流场、温度场和凝壳的影响,同时采用了第二类和第三类两种不同的热边界条件进行了流场和温度场的分析。计算结果表明,钢液凝固壳及糊状区对结晶器内钢液的流动有很大影响,采用第二类热边界条件能够更真实地反映出结晶器内流动对传热的影响。     

锌铝合金热型连铸的工艺方法

就热型连铸工艺条件下对具有共晶、包晶和共析转变的5种典型锌铝合金的连续定向凝固进行了研究,找出了各种合金的最佳工艺参数配合范围.研究表明引锭操作是热型连铸工艺的关键环节,型口温度、拉铸速度、冷却条件、合金成分和液位压头对铸锭表面质量有直接影响,型口位置的固液区存在着热和力的平衡.只有通过调节工艺参数,维持固液界面的良好位置,才能拉铸出表面光滑的线材.     

方圆坯连铸结晶器锥度的测量及分析

在连铸过程中,结晶器锥度对提高连铸机的产量、改善铸坯质量、延长结晶器的寿命都起着决定性的作用。本文简要介绍了连铸中结晶器锥度的作用,分析了方坯及圆坯结晶锥度的设计原则,并以不同方坯及圆坯结晶器内腔尺寸测量数据为基础,分析了结晶器锥度在生产过程中存在的问题。     

A numerical analysis of fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification in the bending-type square billet continuous casting process

A numerical modeling system was developed which can simulate the transport phenomena of a bending type square billet continuous casting process. Fluid flow and heat transfer were analyzed with a 3-dimensional finite volume method (FVM) with the aid of an effective heat capacity algorithm for the solidification. For a complex geometry of the bending type billet caster, a body-fitted-coordinate (BFC) system was employed. The bent structure of the caster allows a recirculating flow to develop in the upper and outer-radius region and the main stream to shift toward inner radius. This causes the thinner solid shell in the inner radius region than in the outer one. Besides standard operation conditions, we have analyzed the results when casting speed, caster shape, and tundish superheat changes. Lower casting speed makes the solid shell thicker by reducing heat flux from the mold. In the vertical caster, solid shell thickness are more uniform than that in the bending-type in entire region. When superheat increases by 5°C, solid shell thickness at the mold exit becomes thinner by 1 mm.     

大方坯连铸在线凝固传热模型的开发与应用

作为大方坯动态轻压下技术的核心模型,在线凝固传热模型为动态二冷控制模型和动态轻压下模型提供可靠而准确过程跟踪数据,为动态轻压下技术的有效实施提供保障。结合攀钢2号国产化大方坯铸机上建立的在线凝固传热模型,在此基础上进行了现场实际测温检验和应用,结果表明实测与计算的偏差小于1%,说明计算结果真实可靠,可满足在线计算要求。     

连铸中间包内钢液流动、传热及夹杂物行为的研究

建立基于黏性流体力学的流体流动、传热及夹杂物传输模型,以首钢第三炼钢厂2号连铸中间包为研究对象,采用数值分析的方法,进行了连铸中间包内钢液流体流动、停留时间分布及夹杂物传输行为分析.     

Simulation and control model for interactions among process parameters of directional solidification continuous casting

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矩形连铸坯凝固传热的变间距有限差分模拟

针对用传统有限差分法模拟计算矩形连铸坯凝固传热时在整个计算区域上离散网格大小需均匀一致且要用直角来代替铸坯圆角这一缺点,提出了变间距有限差分法.变间距有限差分能够在计算区域上灵活地配置大小不同的离散网格,也能够准确地离散铸坯的角部形状,而且直观、简单,计算工作量小,与有限单元法的计算结果几乎相同.模拟计算结果与实测值吻合.     

A mathematical model of unidirectional solidification in cooled mold

For the unidirectional solidification in a mold cooled by air or water, several mathematical models have been proposed. However, some are complex series solutions, and some are good approximations only when solidification time is sufficiently small. Therefore, our research team proposes the present mathematical model, which is a good approximation when solidification time is sufficiently large. In order to estimate the convergency characteristics of the present model, numerical solutions were calculated with mold/solid heat transfer coefficients, which are experimentally determined by a previous and the present model.     

热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的组织分析

对热型连铸锌铝合金定向凝固线材的铸态及热处理组织进行了观察、分析和讨论。结果表明：热型连铸锌铝合金线材的显微组织为定向生长的平行柱状枝晶组织;共晶合金ZA5的枝状芥是的每个枝晶都由多层片状共晶β和η两相构成,过共晶合金的组织为初生树枝晶和枝晶间共晶组织,其中ZA8,ZA12初生相为β相,ZA22和ZA27的初生相是α相。     

板坯电磁连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面波动及流动行为的数值模拟

建立了板坯电磁连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面波动行为的三维数学模型,利用数值模拟方法研究了磁场与流场耦合作用下不同工艺参数和电磁参数对结晶器内钢/渣界面波动行为及流场的影响,通过VOF方法对不同条件下的钢/渣界面进行捕捉,讨论不同磁极位置、水口倾角、拉速及线圈电流强度对结晶器内钢/渣界面波动行为和流动的影响。模拟结果表明：电磁制动的施加可以显著降低钢/渣界面波高,减小射流对结晶器窄面的冲击。拉速和水口浸入深度恒定时,磁极位置和水口角度直接影响结晶器内流场形式：当[P＝]40 mm时,增加线圈电流可以降低结晶器内钢/渣界面波高和表面流速,从而减小由液面波动引发卷渣的概率;当磁极距离水口较远时[（P＝]80 mm）,随着线圈电流强度的增大,水口射流的冲击方向向上偏转,引起上回流的流动强度增强,导致钢/渣界面波高增加,增大卷渣发生的概率。     

连铸坯拉速对结晶器卷渣现象的影响

高拉速连铸具有高效、低成本的特点,是未来连铸的发展方向。以常规板坯结晶器为研究对象,采用大涡模拟方法对结晶器内的卷渣现象深入分析。结果表明,在连铸坯拉速较低的情况下,结晶器流场较为稳定,钢液冲击速度较小,上返流速度较小,界面波动幅度不大。在高拉速的情况下,钢液冲击速度增加,渣金界面速度及卷渣数量明显提高。通过界面最大速度分析,建立了一个临界卷渣速度的计算准则,发现不同拉速情况下的临界卷渣速度是不一样的,造成这种现象的原因在于卷渣机理的不同。本模型对控制常规板坯高拉速连铸生产具有一定指导意义。     

热型连铸锌铝合金的缺陷形成与机理

对5种典型锌铝合金在热型连铸工艺条件下的连续定向凝固进行了研究, 探讨该工艺下锌铝合金线材表面缺陷的产生机理, 并对部分缺陷的组织结构进行了显微分析. 结果表明 只有金属液压头、型口温度、拉铸速度和冷却条件诸工艺参数在一定范围内的协调配合, 才能拉铸出表面光滑的锌铝合金线材. 不合理的工艺参数将导致热裂、表面粗糙、糊状型口和拉漏等缺陷. 固液两相区的形状和位置对上述缺陷的形成有重要影响, 当固液两相区位于型口或型内时, 凝固界面将向型内凸入, 如果剩余液体不能抵消凝固收缩, 就会出现表面粗糙; 若凝固界面深入型内较多, 则使型内凝固的铸锭摩擦力过大, 形成热裂; 固液两相区移至型外, 凝固界面将变成平面, 容易发生拉漏.     

A heat transfer study of the continuous caster mold using a finite volume approach coupled with genetic algorithms

The mold region of the Continuous Caster was studied using a heat transfer formulation coupled with an optimization scheme. The pertinent transport equations were solved using a finite volume approach and the optimization calculations were conducted using biologically inspired Genetic Algorithms. The results are compared with the data available in the literature and significant improvements in terms of the casting velocity and the solidified shell thickness are observed and reported.     

管坯电磁连铸内结晶器侧换热系数的模拟与研究

将实验得到的初始凝固坯壳的形状与数值模拟结果相结合的反推法确定了内结晶器冷却水量与内结晶器侧壁换热系数之间的关系,模拟了冷却水流量为80、100、120 L/s时凝固坯壳的形状和位置;在模拟得到的固-液界面位置附近,即距液面5～20 mm处施加了频率为2 500Hz的电磁场.结果表明:与传统连铸方法相比,施加电磁场后空心管坯的质量得到了明显的改善.     

铝合金连续铸造喷水冷却的换热系数

基于边界条件替换法建立了铝合金连续铸造喷水冷却过程的换热系数计算模型.采用实验测量铸锭冷却过程的表面温度和温度场数值计算相结合的方法,确定了铸锭表面温度为100～500 ℃和喷水密度为11.3～27.8     

Casting/mold thermal contact heat transfer during solidification of Al-Cu-Si alloy (LM 21) plates in thick and thin molds

Heat flow at the casting/mold interface was assessed and studied during solidification of Al-Cu-Si (LM 21) alloy in preheated cast iron molds of two different thicknesses, coated with graphite and alumina based dressings. The casting and the mold were instrumented with thermocouples connected to a computer controlled temperature data acquisition system. The thermal history at nodal locations in the mold and casting obtained during experimentation was used to estimate the heat flux by solving the one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problem. The cooling rate and solidification time were measured using the computer-aided cooling curve analysis data. The estimated heat flux transients showed a peak due to the formation of a stable solid shell, which has a higher thermal conductivity compared with the liquid metal in contact with the mold wall prior to the occurrence of the peak. The high values of heat flux transients obtained with thin molds were attributed to mold distortion due to thermal stresses. For thin molds, assumption of Newtonian heating yielded reliable interfacial heat transfer coefficients as compared with one-dimensional inverse modeling. The time of occurrence of peak heat flux increased with a decrease in the mold wall thickness and increase in the casting thickness.