微量钪对Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金时效特性与微观组织的影响

研究了微量钪对Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金微观组织与时效特性的影响。结果表明，微量钪的添加增强了Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金的时效硬化效果，但并未改变该合金时效硬化的总体规律。透射电镜分析发现GPB在合金时效硬化第二阶段初期才开始析出，并且是该合金第二阶段硬化的主要原因，微量钪的添加促进了Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金中GPB的弥散细小析出。     

SSTT和RAP方法得到的ZK60镁合金的组织变化和力学性能

研究了分别由半固态热成形方法（SSTT）和部分重熔再结晶方法（RAP）得到的 ZK60镁合金在一定温度下显微组织随等温时间的变化和触变成形试样的力学性能。结果表明,合并长大机制在SSTT合金的组织变化中占主导地位,熟化机制在RAP 合金的组织变化中起主要作用。在相同的等温条件下,与SSTT方法相比,RAP方法可以得到更细小的半固态显微组织,RAP合金组织比SSTT合金组织更圆整。由SSTT方法和RAP方法得到的ZK60镁合金触变成形后均得到了较理想的成形件,触变成形工艺提高了材料的力学性能。与 SSTT 合金相比, RAP合金具有更优越的力学性能。     

微合金化Al-4.0Cu-0.3Mg合金时效初期微结构演变的计算机模拟

采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了时效初期Al-4.0Cu-0.3Mg-(0.4Ag)-(0.2Sc)合金的原子分布.研究结果表明:在时效过程中含微量钪的Al-Cu-Mg合金中镁原子逐步向钪原子周围偏聚,而铜原子并没有向钪原子周围聚集的倾向,时效初期出现了大量的Mg/Sc原子团簇及Mg/Sc/空位复合体;微量钪的存在促进了镁原子团簇化,但抑制了铜原子的团簇化;而含微量银的合金中镁原子向银原子周围偏聚的倾向比铜原子大得多,时效初期出现了大量的Ag/Mg原子团;"Sc/空位"机制是微量钪影响Al-Cu-Mg合金时效初期原子分布与形态的关键所在.     

Al-4.5Cu-3.5Zn-0.5Mg铸造铝合金的均匀化工艺及组织演变

对Al-4.5Cu-3.5Zn-0.5Mg铸态合金进行不同双级均匀化处理,采用扫描电镜、电子探针显微分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和光学显微镜等,研究了该合金的铸态组织及其在均匀化过程中的组织演变。结果表明:铸态组织主要由α-Al、粗大Al₂Cu相以及少量AlZnMgCu、Al₇Cu₂Fe相组成,合金元素枝晶偏析严重。经470 ℃×12 h均匀化处理后,AlZnMgCu相已基本回溶至基体;第二级均匀化温度由490 ℃逐渐升高到520 ℃或者延长保温时间,Al₂Cu相逐渐回溶至基体,合金元素分布趋于均匀。合金过烧温度为520 ℃,最佳双级均匀化制度为470 ℃×12 h+510 ℃×32 h,该制度与均匀化动力学计算结果基本一致。     

触变成形AM60B镁合金在固溶处理过程中的组织演变

研究触变成形AM60B镁合金在固溶处理过程中的组织演变及其热处理动力学.结果表明:触变成形AM60B镁合金在固溶处理过程中其组织演变可分为两个阶段,第一阶段为共晶β(Mg17Al12a)相的迅速溶解、溶质快速均匀化及晶粒粗化,第二阶段为初生颗粒及二次晶粒的正常长大阶段.在第一阶段,由于细小的β相快速溶入小的二次晶粒,造成该溶解过程较短,而溶质Al元素的均匀化则需要相对较长的时间,同时,组织形貌及颗粒尺寸有很大变化.在395℃固溶时,第一阶段持续约1 h.与第一阶段相比第二阶段需要较长的时间,在本次实验条件下约60 h.第一阶段的快速均匀化使Al的浓度梯度在第二阶段大幅度减小,因此在该阶段组织变化并不明显.在第一阶段,初生相颗粒的长大模式满足幂函数关系,而二次晶粒则遵从传统的长大方程;然而,在第二阶段两者的长大方式相同.     

Precipitation processes in an Al-2.5Cu-1.5Mg (wt. %) alloy microalloyed with Ag and Si

We have produced precipitation on and along both the <100>_α and the {111}_α crystal systems by microalloying an Al-2.5Cu-1.5Mg (wt. %) base alloy with Ag and Si. Using electron microscopy and atom probe field ion microscopy, we have demonstrated that Ag+Si additions produce multi-component clustering reactions. When compared to comparable quaternary compositions, the quinary alloy exhibits a higher hardness. The first precipitates observed were GPB zones, rich in Cu and Mg and containing traces of both Si and Ag. Following ageing at 200 °C, the peak hardness microstructure consisted of rod-shaped GPB zones along <100>_α together with X′ and Ω precipitation, both as plates on the {111}_α planes. The Ω phase was less stable than the X′ phase and dissolved soon after ageing to peak hardness. This was associated with a rapid drop in hardness. The overaged microstructure was dominated by S phase.     

时效态Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg(-0.3Si)合金的组织与力学性能

通过硬度和拉伸性能测试以及扫描电镜和透射电镜观察,研究了Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg和Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg-0.3Si合金在180℃下进行不同保温时间(6、10、14和18 h)的时效处理及元素Si对力学性能的影响。结果表明:随时效时间的延长,Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg(-0.3Si)合金的硬度和强度先增大后减小,断裂伸长率明显降低;Si元素的添加使Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg合金的硬度、强度、断裂伸长率均有明显提高,但延迟了Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg合金达到峰时效的时间。利用SEM对Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg(-0.3Si)合金拉伸断口形貌进行的观察表明:加入0.3%的Si元素后,Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mg合金的断裂特征由韧脆混合断裂变为韧性断裂。     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-16.9Si-4.5Cu-0.15Mg Alloy

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy under different solution conditions were investigated by optical metallographic and mechanical property test. The results show that the cast alloys were composed of α-Al, primary Si, eutectic Si, Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe phases. Three changes took place during solution treatment: Firstly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, more and more Al2Cu phase was dissolved into the matrix; Secondly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, morphology of eutectic Si, Al7Cu2Fe and other insoluble phases changed into more round; Thirdly, at the fixed solution temperature, if the solution time extended too long, it would cause grains, eutectic Si and other insoluble phases aggregated and coarsened. About mechanical properties, when the solution time was fixed, the hardness, tensile strength and the yield strength of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 enhanced while the solution temperature increasing, and when the solution temperature was fixed, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 increased at first and then decreased while the solution time increasing, but the hardness of the alloys affected less by the solution time.     

微量Ge对Al-1.5Cu-4.0Mg合金时效行为及微观组织的影响

采用显微硬度测试、拉伸实验、X射线衍射分析和透射电镜观察,研究微量Ge对低Cu/Mg比Al-Cu-Mg合金的时效特性及微观组织演变的影响.结果表明:在Al-1.5Cu-4.0Mg(质量分数,％)合金中添加少量Ge能加速合金的时效进程、提高合金的时效硬化和强化效果,添加0.25％Ge(质量分数)的合金时效强化效果优于添加0.5％Ge合金的;微量Ge的添加能促进Al-1.5Cu-4.0Mg合金中T相的均匀形核析出,并使之细小弥散分布;微量Ge能降低缺陷浓度,抑制S相非均匀形核,导致S相析出的体积分数略微减低.     

Solute nanostructures and their strengthening effects in Al-7Si-0.6Mg alloy F357

The solute nanostructures formed in the primary α-Al grains of a semi-solid metal cast Al-7Si-0.6Mg alloy (F357) during ageing at 180 °C, and the age-hardening response of the alloy, have been systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography and hardness testing. A 120 h natural pre-ageing led to the formation of solute clusters and Guinier-Preston (GP) zones. The natural pre-ageing slowed down the precipitation kinetics 6-fold during 1 h ageing at 180 °C, but this effect diminished after 4 h when the sample reached the same hardness as that without the pre-ageing treatment. It reduced the number density of β″ needles to approximately half of that formed in samples without the treatment, and postponed the peak hardness occurrence to 4 h, four times that of the as-quenched sample. A hardness plateau developed in the as-quenched sample between 1 and 4 h ageing corresponds to the growth of the β″ precipitates and a significant concurrent decrease of solute clusters and GP zones. The average Mg:Si ratio of early solute clusters is <0.7 while that of GP zones changes from 0.8 to 0.9 with increasing size, and that of β″ needles increases from 0.9 to 1.2. β″ needles, GP zones and solute clusters are important strengthening solute nanostructures of the alloy. The partitioning of solutes and precipitation kinetics of the alloy are discussed in detail.     

Influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy was investigated by tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that the tensile strength can be significantly improved with the slightly decreased ductility and the form of fracture morphology is converted from ductile fracture into ductile/brittle mixed fracture by adding 1.0% Li. Besides, the peak aging time at 185 °C is delayed from 12 to 24 h and the main precipitation phase S'(Al₂CuMg) is converted into S' (Al₂CuMg)+δ'(Al₃Li), while the formation of S'(Al₂CuMg) is delayed.     

Microstructural evolution during semisolid state strain induced melt activation process of aluminum 7075 alloy

The effects of compression ratio on the microstructure evolution of semisolid 7075 Al alloy produced by the strain induced melt activation (SIMA) process were investigated. The samples were cold deformed by compression into the different heights up to 40% reduction. The isothermal holding treatments were carried out at 625 °C for predetermined time intervals. The results reveal that the average grain size is gradually reduced with the increase of the compression ratio. When the compression ratio surpasses 30%, the above descending trend is not as evident as that below 30% reduction. During the subsequent heat treatments, the recrystallization is induced in the deformed samples by the increasingly accumulated strain energy. The grain growth mechanisms and the microstructural coarsening of the SIMA processed 7075 Al alloy were discussed and confirmed.     

Sc、Zr微合金化对Al-4Cu-1.5Mg合金组织与性能的影响

试验研究了Sc和Zr复合微合金化对Al-4Cu-1.5Mg合金铸态显微组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,复合添加微量Sc和Zr,有效改善了合金铸态微观组织,细化了合金晶粒,使粗大的树枝晶转变为均匀细小的等轴晶。当Sc、Zr含量分别为0.4%和0.2%时,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率分别为275.0MPa、176.0MPa和8.0%,与未添加合金元素的Al-4Cu-1.5Mg合金相比,抗拉强度提高了55.3%,伸长率提高了近3倍。     

Effects of scandium and zirconium combination alloying on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influences of minor scandium and zirconium combination alloying on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy have been experimentally investigated.The experimental results show that when the minor elements of scandium and zirconium are simultaneously added into the Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy,the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is effectively modified and the grains of the alloy are greatly refined.The coarse dendrites in the microstructure of the alloy without Sc and Zr additions are refined to the uniform and fine equiaxed grains.As the additions of Sc and Zr are 0.4% and 0.2%,respectively,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the alloy are relatively better,which are 275.0 MPa,176.0 MPa and 8.0% respectively.The tensile strength is increased by 55.3%,and the elongation is nearly raised three times,compared with those of the alloy without Sc and Zr additions.     

喷射成形Al-8.0Si-4.0Cu-0.5Mg合金的组织及性能

采用喷射成形技术制备了Al-8.0Si-4．0Cu-0．5Mg合金棒材,分析了该合金的组织,研究了台金成形过程中孔洞及疏松的形成情况,测量了合金的力学性能及摩擦性能。结果表明,喷射成形工艺制备的合金具有细小均匀的微观组织结构,固溶、时效处理能够得到良好的弥散强化,具有良好的性能。     

Al-4.5%Cu合金凝固过程显微组织的数值模拟

对Al 4 .5 %Cu二元合金在水冷铜型中的凝固进行了模拟 ,建立了耦合温度场、浓度场和微观生长过程的凝固组织模拟模型。以CA(CellularAutomaton)技术为基础 ,建立了晶粒生长过程的局部演变规则 ,在晶粒尺度上模拟了其凝固过程。将相同条件下的实验结果和模拟结果进行了对照 ,检验了模型的正确性与适用条件。     

Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结中的组织

利用机械合金化方法制备Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金粉末,将之压制成型后进行烧结.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了Al-20%Sn-4.5%Cu合金在高能球磨和烧结过程中的组织变化.结果表明,该合金粉末经40 h球磨后,可以获得纳米级Sn颗粒均匀弥散分布在Al基体上的组织,并且形成了Al(Cu)过饱和固溶体;在随后的烧结过程中,Sn相尺寸仍保持在200 mm左右,Al(Cu)过饱和固溶体则以CuAl2相的形式脱溶析出.     

Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of Mg-6Al-6Nd alloy

The microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of as-cast Mg-6Al-6Nd alloy were studied. The results show that the addition of 6 wt.% Nd into Mg-6Al alloy leads to the precipitation of Al11Nd3 and Al2Nd phases and decrease in the content of Al solid soluted in Mg-Al matrix. The volume fractions of Al11Nd3 and Al2Nd phases are 3.64% and 0.34%, respectively. Compared with Mg-6Al alloy, the ultimate strength, yielding strength, and elongation of Mg-6Al-6Nd alloy at room temperature and 175°C are enhanced in some degrees. The strengthening mechanisms of Mg-6Al-6Nd alloy are mainly composed of solid solution strengthening of Al solid soluted in Mg-Al matrix and grain refinement strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and composite strengthening brought by the precipitation of Al11Nd3 phase. The composite strengthening includes the load transfer from the matrix to Al11Nd3 phase and the enhancement of dislocation density due to the geometrical mismatch and thermal mismatch between the matrix and Al11Nd3 phase.     

Effects of Zr additions on structure and tensile properties of an Al-4.5Cu-0.3Mg-0.05Ti (wt.%) alloy

The effects of different Zr additions(0.05wt.%-0.5wt.%)on the structure and tensile properties of an Al-4.5Cu-0.3Mg-0.05Ti(wt.%)alloy solidified under a high cooling rate(18℃·s^-1),in as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions were studied.The as-cast structure of the alloy consists of equiaxed grains ofα-Al with an average size of 64μm which is unaffected by the Zr additions,indicating the ineffectiveness of Zr in the grain refinement of the alloy.Scanning electron microscopy,along with X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of elongatedθ-Al2Cu at the grain boundaries;in addition,coarse Al3Zr particles exist in the intergranular regions of the 0.5wt.%Zr-containing alloy.After the T6 heat treatment,the elongatedθparticles were fragmented;however,the coarse Al3Zr particles remained unchanged in the microstructure.Also,the formation of fineβ’-Al3Zr andθ’’-Al3Cu/θ’-Al2Cu phases during T6 heat treatment was revealed by transmission electron microscopy.The results of the tensile tests showed that the Zr additions increase the strength of the alloy in both as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions,but reduce its elongation,especially with 0.5wt.%Zr addition.The 0.3wt.%Zr-added alloy in the T6 heat-treated condition has the highest quality index value(249 MPa).Fractography of the fracture surfaces of the alloys revealed ductile fracture mode including dimples and cracked intermetallic phases in both conditions.