New zero-voltage-switching phase-shift full-bridge converter with low conduction losses

A new zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) phase-shift full-bridge (PSFB) converter with low conduction losses is proposed. It is based on the PSFB converter with series-connected two transformers, which features wide ZVS ranges. By adding a capacitor, the proposed converter overcomes the disadvantage of the based converter, such as the high circulating energy. Furthermore, the turns ratio of the transformers can be increased as well. Therefore, high efficiency of the proposed converter can be achieved. Operational principles and experimental results for a 100-W (5 V, 20 A) prototype are presented to validate the proposed converter.     

A new ZVS-PWM full-bridge converter

A full-bridge converter which employs a coupled inductor to achieve zero-voltage switching of the primary switches in the entire line and load range is described. Because the coupled inductor does not appear as a series inductance in the load current path, it does not cause a loss of duty cycle or severe voltage ringing across the output rectifier. The operation and performance of the proposed converter is verified on a 670 W prototype.     

A zero-voltage-switched PWM boost converter with an energyfeedforward auxiliary circuit

A zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit is proposed in this paper. The auxiliary circuit, which is a resonant circuit consisting of a switch and passive components, ensures that the converter's main switch and boost diode operate with soft switching. This converter can function with PWM control because the auxiliary resonant circuit operates for a small fraction of the switching cycle. Since the auxiliary circuit is a resonant circuit, the auxiliary switch itself has both a soft turn on and turn off, resulting in reduced switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). This is unlike other proposed ZVS boost converters with auxiliary circuits where the auxiliary switch has a hard turn off. Peak switch stresses are only slightly higher than those found in a conventional PWM boost converter because part of the energy that would otherwise circulate in the auxiliary circuit and drastically increase peak switch stresses is fed to the load. In this paper, the operation of the converter is explained and analyzed, design guidelines are given, and experimental results obtained from a prototype are presented. The proposed converter is found to be about 2%-3% more efficient than the conventional PWM boost converter     

一种新型的零电压零电流三电平变换器的研究

针对采用IGBT的软开关三电平变换器中IGBT关断过程存在的电流拖尾现象,以及基本三电平拓扑变压器次级存在的电压过冲和电压振荡现象,提出了改进型ZVZCS三电平结构。该结构在基于拓扑的三电平桥臂侧和两电平桥臂侧分别加入了一个无源辅助网络,三电平桥臂侧的辅助变压器在续流阶段为主变压器初级电流回零提供了条件,两电平桥臂的谐振电感和箍位二极管有效地抑制了主变压器次级电压的过冲现象。详细分析了改进拓扑的工作原理、工作模态,以及辅助网络的工作特点,并研制了实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性以及改进拓扑的可行性。     

ZVT-PWM AC-DC boost converter with ZCS auxiliary circuit

A low conduction loss, low-cost zero-voltage-transition-pulsewidth modulation (ZVT-PWM) boost converter with a zero current switching (ZCS) auxiliary circuit is developed to achieve high-conversion-efficiency operation. The unique locations of the resonant capacitor and inductor ensure that low switching stress and commutation losses are obtained in this converter. It is very suitable for high power-factor-correction pre-regulators     

A zero-voltage transition boost converter using a zero-voltage switching auxiliary circuit

A soft switching boost converter with zero-voltage transition (ZVT) main switch using zero-voltage switching (ZVS) auxiliary switches is proposed. Various operating intervals of the converter are presented and analyzed. Design considerations are discussed. A design example with experimental results obtained from a 300-W, 250-kHz, 300-V output DC-DC converter is presented. A modified gating scheme to utilize the auxiliary switch in the main power processing is discussed. A 600-W, 100-kHz, 380 V output, 90-250 V AC, power factor corrected, AC-to-DC, boost converter with the modified gating scheme is presented. Results show that the main switch maintains ZVT while auxiliary switches retain ZVS for the complete specified line and load conditions. Parasitic oscillations existing in the converters proposed in the literature are completely removed.     

A new soft-switched PWM boost converter with a lossless auxiliary circuit

A soft-switching scheme for the PWM boost converter is newly proposed to obtain the desirable features of both the conventional PWM boost and resonant converters such as ease of control, reduced switching losses and stresses, and low EMI. In order to achieve the soft-switching action, the proposed scheme employs an auxiliary circuit, which is added to the conventional boost converter and used to achieve soft-switching for both the main switch and the output diode while not incurring any additional losses due to the auxiliary circuit itself. The basic operations, in this paper, are discussed and design guidelines are presented. Through a 100?KHz, 60?W prototype, the usefulness of the proposed scheme is verified.     

一种实用的大功率全桥ZVZCS变换器的设计

针对当前大功率的全桥ZVZCS变换器存在功耗过高,实用率不高的问题,提出一种实用的电路拓扑结构,并对该电路拓扑进行了简单的分析。该变换器超前管采用MOSFET,实现了零电压开通和关断,滞后管采用IGBT,实现了零电流开通和关断。对变换器主电路各参数进行选定后,通过采集的相关波形,验证了设计的变换器的正确性,将该变换器应用在电力操作电源上运行,性能优良,满足了市场要求。     

A green-switch controller IC for cascade buck–boost converter with seamless transition over entire input and load range

To raise the utilization ratio of lithium-ion battery in portable devices, a novel green-switch controller IC is proposed to constitute a 4-switch cascade buck–boost prototype, which is capable of outputting non-inverting step down and step up voltages. According to the relations between the input and output voltages through duty ratio, a finite state machine automatically determines the work method of converter namely buck method, boost method or transition method by combining peak and valley current programmed mode so as to improve the line regulation over the entire input voltage range. A three-phase seamless transition method is introduced into the controller. Its additional advantage is to lower output ripples. Furthermore, a special burst mode is added to reduce the power consumption during light-load operation. An elaborately designed circuitry and rigorous stability analysis further improves the seamless performance. The controller IC is designed and fabricated in 1.5 μm BCD (Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) technology with an area of 8.75 mm² and applied to a 2.7 V–4.2 V/3.3 V, maximum output power 1.65 W buck–boost converter. It features over 90% conversion efficiency during normal application and still remains over 80% under standby mode. The experimental results show that all functional and performance targets are successfully achieved as expected.     

A novel zero-Voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM converter

A novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge pulse-width modulation converter is proposed. The ZCS condition of the lagging-leg is obtained by a simple secondary auxiliary circuit resetting the primary current during the freewheeling stage. The auxiliary circuit's capacitor is charged by the center tape of the secondary through a diode, and the capacitor's voltage is clamped through another diode to output capacitor, thus, the voltage stress on the rectifier is clamped. There are neither additional active switches nor resistances in the auxiliary circuit, which makes the proposed converter efficient.     

一种基于双链延迟锁相环的实现DC-DC的零电压开关转换的栅驱动电路

本文陈述了一种基于双链延迟锁相环的实现DC-DC的零电压开关转换的功率管栅驱动电路。它使用两压控延迟链的延迟差作为死区时间,实现了高精度的零电压开关转换,并具有良好的线性度和较低的功耗。设计采用CSM 2P4M 0.35μm CMOS工艺,在输入电压3.3V,输出电压1.3V和4MHz开关频率下测试,在100mA到600mA负载电流范围内,为DC-DC提升效率2%到4%     

A dual VCDL DLL based gate driver for zero-voltage-switching DC-DC converter

This paper presents a dual voltage-controlled-delay-line(VCDL) delay-lock-loop(DLL) based gate driver for a zero-voltage-switching(ZVS) DC-DC converter.Using the delay difference of two VCDLs for the dead time control,the dual VCDL DLL is able to implement ZVS control with high accuracy while keeping good linearity performance of the DLL and low power consumption.The design is implemented in the CSM 2P4M 0.35μm CMOS process.The measurement results indicate that an efficiency improvement of 2%-4%is achiev...     

一种IGBT全桥逆变驱动电路的设计

简单阐述了2SC0435T模块的特点和IGBT的H桥互锁电路的特点。以2SC0435T为核心,给出了直接模式下的外围电路,以驱动IGBT全桥逆变电路。设计了栅极电阻的接法及其阻值的大小以及IGBT的栅极过压保护电路,给出了驱动信号波形,同时验证了此驱动器具有良好的保护功能和驱动功能。     

A zero voltage transition boost converter employing a soft switching auxiliary circuit with reduced conduction losses

This paper presents a zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) boost converter using a soft switching auxiliary circuit for power factor correction (PFC) applications. The improvement over existing topologies lies in the positioning of the auxiliary circuit capacitors and the subsequent reduction in the resonant current and therefore the conduction losses as compared to other similar topologies. The proposed converter operates in two modes - Mode 1 and Mode 2. It is shown in the paper that the converter should be designed using the constraints obtained in Mode 1 to achieve low-loss switching. The converter is analyzed and characteristic curves presented which are then used in a detailed design example. Experimental results from a 250 W, 127 V input laboratory prototype switching at 100 kHz verify the design process and highlight the advantages of the proposed topology. The proposed converter is suitable for single-phase, two stage power factor correction circuits with universal input voltage range and power levels up to 3 kW.     

A forward converter topology employing a resonant auxiliary circuit to achieve soft switching and power transformer resetting

This paper presents a forward converter topology that employs a small resonant auxiliary circuit. The advantages of the proposed topology include soft switching in both the main and auxiliary switches, recovery of the leakage inductance energy, simplified power transformer achieving self-reset without using the conventional reset winding, simple gate drive and control circuit, etc. Steady-state analysis is performed herein, and a design procedure is presented for general applications. A 35-75-Vdc to 5 Vdc 100-W prototype converter switched at a frequency of 200 kHz is built to verify the design, and 90% overall efficiency has been obtained experimentally at full load.     

Four-quadrant position sensorless control in SRM drives over the entire speed range

Proper synchronization of the excitation with respect to the rotor position is essential in optimal control of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. To avoid additional cost, size, and unreliability caused by the external position sensors, magnetic status of the SRM can be directly monitored to detect commutation instants. A one-to-one correspondence between magnetic status of the SRM and rotor position removes the need for an explicit access to the rotor position. In order to obtain a good precision over the entire speed range, educated modifications on the structure of the sensorless strategy is necessary. This is due to the impact of the operational regions on dynamic behavior of the SRM. In addition, introduction of SRM technology to industrial and domestic applications has raised the need for four-quadrant operation of the SRM drives. The present paper introduces a range of strategies that are necessary to accommodate this requirement in a sensorless format. Our experimental findings indicate that high-grade sensorless operation in a four-quadrant SRM drive is possible and can be integrated in a variety of applications.     

新型无源软开关变换器

普通的PWM变换器具有结构简洁、控制简单、频率恒定、输出特性好等优点,故广泛应用于社会生活的各个领域中.本文以boost基本电路为基础,采用简单的无源谐振网络,设计实现了开关管的软开关.这种新型的无源软开关解决了输出二极管反向恢复问题,具有结构简单、高频率、高效率、易于控制等优点.该设计可用于以IGBT为开关器件的高压场合.分析了该变换器的工作原理、实现条件、设计谐振网络的参数、并进行了仿真.     

A CMOS circuit for evaluating the NBTI over a wide frequency range

In this paper an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for evaluating the NBTI effects over a wide frequency is described. The circuit is designed to allow measurements in multiple modes, specifically, DC and AC NBTI, on single pFET and on an inverter. The results indicate that AC NBTI is independent of the frequency in the 1 Hz–2 GHz range. Furthermore, the voltage and the stress time acceleration are identical for both AC and DC NBTI stress.     

Semiconductor tuning circuit having constant Q over a wide range

A new type of variable tuning circuit using semiconductor inductance is described. This tuning circuit has a constant Q value over a wide range of frequency. Semiconductor inductance in this circuit is obtained using the impedance conversion method, however, there is no instability such as with negative impedance converter (NIC) and the structure of the circuit is simple. The common fault of semiconductor inductances is that their input impedance changes according to frequency, causing the Q value to vary widely. An attempt to solve this fault by the addition of a second ganged capacitor was made. Experimental results prove the validity of the theory, and confirm that this tuning circuit has practical applications. Applications of this circuit are shown at the end of this paper.     

A single-stage zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge DCpower supply with extended load power range

A single-stage power-factor-corrected pulsewidth modulation power converter with extended load power range is presented. The topology is based on a zero-voltage zero-current-switched full-bridge (ZVZCS-FB) inverter. Steady-state analysis of the topology shows that by operating the LC load filter in discontinuous mode, the DC-link voltage remains bounded and independent of the load level. Therefore, the load power range can be further expanded, including the no-load operating condition. The analysis also shows that the extension of the load power range is achieved without any penalty in: (1) the input power factor (due to the input current waveshaping feature); (2) the power converter efficiency (due to ZVZCS and the single-stage features); and (3) the load voltage quality (due to the high bandwidth of the phase control loop). Simulated and experimental results are included to show the feasibility of the proposed scheme