非线性光学活性分子的EFISH研究

非线性极化率是衡量非线性光学材料品质的主要指标之一，本文用电场诱导二次谐波方法测定了一种新型金属有机分子碘化（反式）－［１－二茂铁基－２－（Ｎ－十八烷基－４－吡啶基）乙烯］的二阶非线性极化率，研究表明该分子具有较强的非线性光学活性。     

有机三阶非线性光学材料的研究进展

对有机三阶非线性光学响应的理论及实验（包括器件对材料的要求，理论研究，三阶极化率的测试技术，有机三阶光学材料）进行了综述。     

C_（60）－AALB膜光学三次非线性特性及机理的研究

本文将新发现的、具有很强的非线性光学效应的全碳有机材料Ｃ＿（６０）作为成膜单体制各成ＬＢ膜。对其三次非线性性质进行了研究。在Ｃ＿（６０）－ＡＡＬＢ膜的立体简并四波混频实验中实现多空前向相位共轭输出，采用相对测量法测得其三次极化率Ｘ￣（３）＝（１．８　　０．４）×１０￣（－８）ｅｓｕ．并对Ｃ＿（６０）－ＡＡＬＢ膜中的光学非线性机理进行分析。研究表明：ＬＢ膜中的三次非线性主要源于Ｃ＿（６０）的吸收效应，该效应产生的三次极化率与实验测试值具有同一量级。     

醌构稠杂环系有机三阶非线性光学材料的合成和性质研究

分子设计并合成了三大系列的醌构稠杂环化合物,由有机光波谱分析验证了各化合物的结构。用一维简并四波混频实验测定并计算了各化合物溶液的红外区,非共振三阶非线性光学极化率Ｘ（３）和分子三阶非线性光学超极化率γ。研究了分子结构对三晨线性光学性质的影响。     

用计算机化的快速测量装置探测LB膜的分子二阶非线性光学极化率

ＬＢ膜上有机分子材料的分子二阶非线性光学极化率的测量，属于微弱信号探测，接收装置要求严格。本文利用二次谐波方法，测量单层ＬＢ膜上分子的分子二阶非线性光学极化率。装置中利用滤光片和暗盒，成功的解决了非倍频光对倍频光的干扰。使用计算机技术改进了接收装置，用软件对倍频信号进行处理，压低了随机误差。同时利用计算机计算出分子二阶非线性光学极化率，解决了测量后再计算的问题。这样可在测量时直接得知样品的详细信息，随时改变测量参数。从而提高了测量速度。经过对盐ＬＢ膜的实际测量，证明了装置的可靠性和快速性。     

有机生色团和极化聚合物二阶非线性光学系数的非激光评估方法

讨论了有机生色团和极化聚合物膜的二阶非线性光学特性的非激光测试和评估方法，它包括测定生色团分子一阶超极化率（β）的溶剂化变色法、测定极化膜的ｄ值的电子吸收光谱法和偏振红外光谱法以及相应的简化估算公式，在此基础上还提出了极化膜进行应用试探的筛选标准。方法简便易行，无需复杂昂贵的激光测试系统，而且结果有较高的精度，适用于普通化学实验室进行样品的评估和筛选。     

醌构稠杂环化合物三阶非线性光学性质的研究

用三维简并四波混频实验研究了所合成的４种萘醌并噻唑，四氧二苯并噻蒽化合物的三阶非线性光学性质。上对测量法测得样品溶液的χ＾（３）≌４×１０＾３ｅｓｕ，分子的三阶超级极化率γ≌４×１０＾－３１ｅｓｕ。分析了分子结构对三阶非线性光学性质的影响。     

有机生色团和极化聚合物二阶非线性光学系数的非激光评估方法：1994年9…

讨论了有机生色团和极化聚合物的二阶非线性光学特性的非激光测试和评估方法，它包括测定生色团分子一阶超极化率（β）的溶剂化变色法、测定极化膜的ｄ值的电子吸收光谱法和偏振红外光谱法以及相应的简化估算公式，在此基础上还提出了极化膜进行应用试探的筛选标准。方法简便易行，无需复杂昂贵的激光测试系统，而且结果有较高的精度，适用于普通化学实验室进行样品的评估和筛选。     

全氟羧酸离子交换膜内硫化铅超微粒的光学非线性研究

在全氟羧酸阳离子交换膜中制备出不同颗粒尺寸的ＰｂＳ超微粒，并由吸收光谱及电镜测量结果获得证实。用飞秒激光脉冲对ＰｂＳ超微粒复合膜进行了时间分辨光克尔效应测定，发现ＰｂＳ超微粒具有三阶光学非线性，三阶光学非线性极化率Ｘ（３）约为１０（－１２）ｅｓｕ，光克尔效应响应时间小于１６５ｆｓ，并且发现ＰｂＳ超微粒的光学非线性随着超微粒颗粒尺寸的减小而增大，显示出量子限域效应对于超微粒子光学非线性的贡献。     

离子注入对聚对苯乙炔衍生物三阶非线性光学极化率的影响

利用能量为25keV，剂量为3．8×10^15-9．6×10^16ions／cm^2的氮正离子（N^＋）对聚（2，5-二己氧基）对苯乙炔（PDHOPV）薄膜进行注入改性研究。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示，注入离子在PDHOPV薄膜内部引入杂质能级，破坏分子的共轭结构，随着注入剂量增加，吸收边逐渐向长波方向移动，且分子激发态和基态间的光学禁带宽度由2．07eV减小至1．65eV。采用简并四波混频（DFWM）技术研究了离子注入对PDHOPV薄膜三阶非线性光学极化率的性能。结果表明，未注入薄膜的三阶非线性光学极化率（X^（3））为9．61×10^-10esu，随着注入剂量增加，X^（3）逐渐增大，当注入剂量达到3．8×10^16ions／cm^2。时，X^（3）值增加到最大值为8.44×10^-9esu。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.