QAM and QPRS digital broadband cable systems

The performance of high-level modulation schemes in non-linear broadband digital communication systems is investigated. The tolerance of 16-, 64-, 256-QAM and 49-, 225-QPRS schemes to these non-linearities is given in terms of their phase margins. Our research results show that high level QAM schemes are less sensitive to non-linearities when operated in offset mode. Comparison of non-linearly amplified broadband QAM and QPRS schemes reveals that QPRS schemes need less carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) than corresponding QAM schemes for identical operating conditions. Also, when the non-linearities are not severe, the degradation in performance is controlled by AM/PM characteristic of the broadband amplifier.     

Alamouti Code with Quadrature Partial Response Signaling

In this letter, the Alamouti code combined with partial response signaling (PRS) is proposed. The bit error rate of the proposed quadrature PRS (QPRS) Alamouti code is derived for the quasi-static Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise channel. Furthermore, its performance in a severely bandlimited channel is simulated by using chopping filter and compared with the conventional Alamouti code. The numerical results show that the proposed QPRS Alamouti code outperforms the conventional Alamouti code under the chopping environment.     

Performance analysis of QAM systems under class A impulsive noiseenvironment

This paper describes the performance of QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) systems under impulsive noise environment. In the analysis, we employ, as a model of the impulsive noise, Middleton's (1977) model labeled class A. First, the statistical characteristics of the in-phase and quadrature components of the impulsive noise are investigated, and it is proved that, in contrast to Gaussian noise, these components are dependent especially for the impulsive noise with small impulsive indices. Next, with consideration of the dependence between the in-phase and quadrature components of the noise, the performance of QAM systems with the conventional receiver designed for Gaussian noise is analyzed. The numerical results show that the performance is much worse than that achieved under Gaussian noise. Moreover, we show the design of the maximum likelihood receiver for class A impulsive noise and the great performance improvement by this receiver is confirmed     

A dual protection scheme for impulsive noise suppression in OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be susceptible to impulsive noise arising from numerous sources in a noisy communications environment. Conventional Reed–Solomon (RS) codes are particularly useful for burst-error corrections and have been employed in OFDM systems to manage impulsive noise. The performance gains, however, have been somewhat limited given the sensitivity to other noise types typically present in a noisy channel. In this regard, a novel scheme utilizing a time-domain pre-processing mean filter in combination with RS coding is proposed for impulsive noise suppression in OFDM systems. This scheme is split into two stages. In the first stage, a proposed mean filter effectively detects and removes the impulsive noise using the measured statistics of the impulsive noise. In contrast to a conventional blanking type filter, the traditional mean replacement value is replaced by a composite comparison value (CCV). This principle creates a more accurate estimate of the original OFDM signal after impulsive noise removal. The residual impulsive noise is then managed by a RS decoder in the second stage. Our results show that this dual faceted approach improves OFDM performance when compared to filtering and coding techniques alone.     

Performance of Coherent PSK and DSPK Systems in an Impulsive and Gaussian Noise Environment

General probability of error expressions of coherent PSK and differentially coherent DPSK systems in the presence of both impulsive and Gaussian noise are derived. The presented impulsive and Gaussian channel disturbance is a first-order approximation to operational multichannel satellite and terrestrial microwave systems in which in addition to front-end Gaussian noise, out-of-band intermodulation noise is also present. Our analysis contains an extension of the method developed by Bello and Esposito [1], [2] to include the Gaussian as well as the impulsive noise environment. Computed results are presented for a one-pole bandpass filter and a lognormal impulse amplitude distribution. The numerical results show that a welldefined threshold region exists, above which the effect of the impulsive noise on the system performance is predominant. A comparative study of system performance having integrate-sample-and-dump receivers with sample-only receivers is presented.     

基于硬阈值迭代的电力线载波通信脉冲噪声抑制方法

在电力线载波通信系统中,由于脉冲噪声的存在,系统性能会受到严重影响。考虑到脉冲噪声在时域上具有稀疏性,基于压缩感知的脉冲噪声估计方法被广泛采用。提出了一种基于硬阈值迭代的压缩感知方法来估计脉冲噪声。该方法通过迭代求解更新阈值,然后利用阈值函数对脉冲噪声进行估计,最后在接收信号中减去脉冲噪声的估计值,完成对脉冲噪声的抑制。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确估计脉冲噪声幅值点,同时在均方误差与估计信噪比的性能上都有提高。     

Impulsive noise estimation and suppression in OFDM systems over in‐home power line channels

This paper proposes a new adaptive iterative method to impulsive noise mitigation in OFDM systems over in‐home power line channels. The performance of impulsive noise mitigation methods based on OFDM decreases when the impulsive noise energy is higher than a certain threshold. To compensate for the limitations of these systems and to be able to adopt it for all sub‐carriers, here, the 64‐QAM constellation is applied together with Alamouti space time coding to transmit, MIMO In‐home power line channel and zero‐forcing estimate (ZFE) with continuous loop impulsive noise detection and mitigation together with maximum‐likelihood detection (MLD) are adopted to receive. At the receiver, after ZFE, impulsive noise detection algorithm based on adaptive threshold for estimating the impulsive noise, determines the locations and amplitudes of the impulsive noises. The effect of impulsive noise on the noise symbols using the mask based on the soft decision method is reduced. Later, using MLD, the original signal is estimated. The algorithm is simulated and analyzed, and its performance is compared to other methods. The results show the superiority and robustness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RBF network assisted adaptive path selective decorrelating detector under impulsive noise for multipath fading CDMA systems

This paper proposes a novel radial basis function assisted adaptive path selective decorrelating detector for direct sequence code division multiple access systems with time-varying multipath fading channels under impulsive noise. The proposed detector combines adaptive path selective decorrelating detector (APSDD) with a radial basis function (RBF) network to eliminate the effect of impulsive noise. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed detector eliminates the effect of impulsive noise and improves the performance of APSDD under high impulsive noise.     

Adaptive path selective fuzzy decorrelating detector under impulsive noise for multipath fading CDMA systems

This letter proposes a novel adaptive path selective fuzzy decorrelating (APSFD) detector for direct-sequence code- division multiple-access (DS-CDMA), systems with time-varying multipath fading channels under impulsive noise. The proposed detector combines adaptive path selective decorrelating (APSD) detector with a fuzzy median filter which is based on fuzzy rank ordering of samples to eliminate the effect of impulsive noise. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed detector eliminates the effect of impulsive noise and improves the performance of APSD detector under high impulsive noise.     

Adaptive blind equalization for MIMO systems uadaptive blind equalization for MIMO systems under α-stable noise environmentnder α-stable noise environment

The presence of non-Gaussian impulsive noise in wireless system can degrade the performance of existing equalizers and signal detectors. In this paper, the problem of blind source separation and equalization for MIMO systems in heavy-tailed impulsive noise is studied. A generalized multiuser constant modulus cost function by employing the fractional lower-order statistic of the equalizer input signal is proposed. The associated adaptive blind equalization algorithm based on a stochastic gradient descent method is defined as fractional lower-order multi-user constant modulus algorithm (FLOS MU CMA). Computer simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of the new algorithm.     

PePerformance of Coherent M-ary PSK Systems in an Impulsive and Gaussian Noise Environment

The general probability of error expressions of coherentM-ary PSK (M = 2, 4, 8, 16) systems in the presence of both impulsive and Gaussian noise are derived. This work is an extension of our paper related to BPSK and DPSK systems in a complex interference environment [1]. The presented impulsive and Gaussian channel disturbance is a first-order approximation to operational multichannel satellite and terrestrial microwave systems in which, in addition to front-end Gaussian noise, out-of-band intermodulation noise may be present. Our analysis contains an extension of the method developed by Bello and Esposito [2], [3], to include the Gaussian as well as the impulsive noise environment. The numerical results show that a well defined threshold region exists, above which the effect of the impulsive noise on the system performance is predominant.     

A robust adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm for blind equalization of wireless communications systems under impulsive noise environment

A robust adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm is proposed for blind equalization of wireless communication systems under impulsive noise environment. The influence of the impulsive noise is analyzed based on numerical analysis method. Then an adaptive weighted constant modulus algorithm is constructed to adaptively suppress impulsive noise. Theoretical analysis is provided to illustrate that the proposed algorithm has a robust equalization performance since the impulsive noise is adaptively suppressed. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has stable and quick convergence due to avoidance of large misadjuntment and adoption of large step size. Simulation results are presented to show the robust equalization performance and the fast convergence speed of the proposed algorithm under both impulsive noise and Gaussian noise environments.     

Joint channel and impulsive noise estimation method for OFDM systems

Aiming at the impulsive noise occurring in OFDM systems,an impulsive noise mitigation algorithm based on compressed sensing theory was proposed.The proposed algorithm firstly treated the channel impulse response and the impulsive noise as a joint sparse vector by exploiting the sparsity of both them.Then the sparse Bayesian learning framework was adopted to jointly estimate the channel impulse response,the impulsive noise and the data symbols,in which the data symbols were regarded as unknown parameters.Compared with the existing impulsive noise mitigation methods,the proposed algorithm not only utilized all subcarriers but also did not use any a priori information of the channel and impulsive noise.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves significant improvement on the channel estimation and bit error rate performance.     

冲击噪声干扰下SC分集接收的系统性能分析

现实的无线通信环境不仅存在着高斯白噪声干扰,而且存在着随机冲击干扰。采用高斯混合噪声的模型,对存在冲击噪声干扰的Rayleigh信道应用选择式合并分集接收,并对MPSK系统的误码率性能做了研究和分析。仿真结果显示了系统性能与随机冲击干扰的关系,同时也证明了SC分集接收是改善无线通信系统的性能的一项有效技术。     

Robust multiuser detection in non-Gaussian channels

In many wireless systems where multiuser detection techniques may be applied, the ambient channel noise is known through experimental measurements to be decidedly non-Gaussian, due largely to impulsive phenomena. The performance of many multiuser detectors can degrade substantially in the presence of such impulsive ambient noise. We develop robust multiuser detection techniques for combating multiple-access interference and impulsive noise in CDMA communication systems. These techniques are based on the M-estimation method for robust regression. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed robust techniques offer significant performance gain over linear multiuser detectors in impulsive noise, with little attendant increase in computational complexity. We also develop a subspace-based technique for blind adaptive implementation of the robust multiuser detectors, which requires only the signature waveform and the timing of the desired user in order to demodulate that user's signal. The robust multiuser detection technique and its blind adaptive version can be applied to both synchronous and asynchronous CDMA channels     

Impulsive Noise in Noncoherent M-ary Digital Systems

This concise paper analyses the performance of noncoherentM-ary digital systems in presence of a generalized stationary Poisson impulsive noise process, with a receiver operating as a maximum likelihood detector in white Gaussian interference. Methods to bound the error probability for ASK, PSK, and FSK systems in the cases where the noise is impulsive and quasi-Gaussian are described and the results discussed.     

Performance of DS/SSMA Communications in Impulsive Channels--Part I: Linear Correlation Receivers

The performance of digital linear correlation receivers is studied in a multiuser environment. There are assumed to be two types of sources interfering with data transmission: multiple-access interference, and additive channel noise which is attributed to impulsive noise sources in the environment. The contribution of multiple-access interference is examined by consideringKasynchronous users transmitting simultaneously over a linear channel using the binary PSK direct-sequence spreadspectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) technique. Alternatively, the effects of the non-Gaussian impulsive channel in such a system are studied by modeling the samples of noise after front-end filtering. Errorprobability performance under these conditions is compared to that for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. Due to computational complexity, exact analysis is limited here to systems utilizing short spreading sequences. Computationally simple methods are proposed for approximating the average error probability when the length of the signature sequences is large. Furthermore, some asymptotic results are obtained for the case of infinitely long sequences. In all cases, performance variation is examined as the shape of the noise density varies with SNR held constant. The results of this analysis indicate that the presence of impulsive noise can cause significant performance degradation over that predicted from an AWGN model, even when the total noise power does not increase.     

Successive interference cancelation for a CDMA system with diversity reception in non‐Gaussian noise

A large class of physical phenomenon observed in practical wireless systems exhibits non‐Gaussian behavior. The performance of many multiuser detectors can degrade substantially in the presence of such impulsive ambient noise. In this paper, multiuser detection of space coded MIMO and code division multiple access (CDMA) signals under impulsive noise with diversity reception are investigated. We analyze and derive the probability of bit error (P_b) performance of a successive interference cancelation (SIC) system under impulsive noise and maximal ratio combining. We use Middleton's class A model for the noise distribution. Furthermore, we employ post detection SIC as the robust multiuser detection technique for combating the impulsive noise at specific noise parameters in a CDMA setting. The performance of the system under power imbalance is also shown. Novel analytical derivations for both combining techniques are presented, and simulations were performed, which confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pilot Contamination Suppression Based Coordination in Multi-cell Massive MIMO Systems

The conventional millimeter wave systems are mostly designed to operate only for the Gaussian noise model. In many physical channels, such as urban and indoor radio channels, the ambient noise is known through experimental measurements to be non-Gaussian. Hence, recent research findings state that a mixture noise model with additive impulsive noise is a more realistic approximation for millimeter wave channels. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to suppress the impulsive noise effects on single-user millimeter wave massive multiple-input-multiple-output system using an adaptive fuzzy logic filter. Hence, a fuzzy median filter is applied to the system and it is aimed to minimize the effects of the impulsive noise by ordering samples based on fuzzy rank. Simulation results show that the proposed filter successfully suppresses the impulsive noise effects and achieves a better bit error rate and spectral efficiency performance than the competing methods in the literature while also working efficiently in Gaussian noise.

     

Adaptive robust impulse noise filtering

It is well known that when data is contaminated by non-Gaussian noise, conventional linear systems may perform poorly. The paper presents an adaptive robust filter (adaptive preprocessor) for canceling impulsive components when the nominal process (or background noise) is a correlated, possibly nonstationary, Gaussian process. The proposed preprocessor does not require iterative and/or batch processing or prior knowledge about the nominal Gaussian process; consequently, it can be implemented in real time and adapt to changes in the environment. Based on simulation results, the proposed adaptive preprocessor shows superior performances over presently available techniques for cleaning impulse noise. Using the proposed adaptive preprocessor to clean the impulsive components in received data samples, conventional linear systems based on the Gaussian assumption can work in an impulsive environment with little if any modification. The technique is applicable to a wide range of problems, such as detection, power spectral estimation, and jamming or clutter suppression in impulsive environments