偶联剂改性补强填充剂及其在橡胶中的应用研究

介绍了橡胶工业常用的硅烷偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂等各类偶联剂;综述了偶联剂改性补强填充剂,如炭黑和白炭黑等对胶料各项性能的影响及其作用机理,在胶料中引入偶联剂,增强了补强填充剂与橡胶基质的界面相互作用,显著改善了轮胎和橡胶制品的综合性能。指出橡胶工业用偶联剂未来的发展方向应为功能化、新型环保和复合型偶 联剂。     

PVC改性体系中无机填充剂与偶联剂的应用发展

简介了聚合物／无机填充剂的制备和偶联剂的作用机理;综述了使用或报道过的聚氯乙烯改性体系中填充剂、偶联剂的应用和发展趋势。     

塑料的填充改性与偶联剂的应用

以聚合物为基材、无机矿物为填充材对塑料进行填充增强改性。文中讨论了填料品种、形状、粒径、堆砌分布以及表面结构对塑料的改性影响,并对偶联剂的品种、使用方法及填料表面处理的判断方法进行了讨论。     

新型偶联剂改性碳酸钙及其在PVC中的应用

合成了新型两亲性钛酸酯偶联剂AEOT,用于改性超细CaCO3,系统研究了改性CaCO3在PVC型材中的应用,分析了改性CaCO3用量对PVC力学性能的影响。结果表明:用新型钛酸酯偶联剂改性的CaCO3可显著改善PVC复合材料的综合力学性能。     

利用钛酸酯系偶联剂进行表面改性

1 前言偶联剂随着复合材料的开发而发展。以本世纪40年代玻璃纤维增强塑料的出现为契机,复合材料的开发趋向活跃,硅烷偶联剂开始用作玻璃纤维处理剂,自此之后对偶联剂展开了大量的研究。近年来,在各个技术领域特别是电子学、汽车、建筑等领域和有     

稀土偶联剂对氢氧化镁的表面改性及其阻燃应用

采用稀土偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂及钛酸酯偶联剂对氢氧化镁进行表面改性,考察了偶联剂用量、处理温度、时间对氢氧化镁表面改性效果的影响.通过黏度、表面活化度等指标对改性效果进行了表征.结果表明:稀土偶联剂对氢氧化镁的改性效果较其他二者要好,并确定了稀土偶联剂的改性的最佳工艺条件.采用改性后的氢氧化镁进行了填充聚乙烯研究,结果表明:当稀土改性后的氢氧化镁的填充量为140份时,复合材料的阻燃性达到了UL94 V-0标准,力学性能较好;通过SEM观察表明:稀土改性后的氢氧化镁在LLDPE基体树脂中的分散性明显优于未改性的.     

塑料填充用偶联剂的进展

论述了不同偶联剂之性能比较及新型偶联剂的开发应用。     

Effect of chemically modified waste rubber powder as a filler in natural rubber vulcanizates

Waste rubber powder (RP) was subjected to chemical modification by using different concentrations of oxidizing agents such as nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide solution. This treatment leads to introducing some functional groups onto the surface of RP. The chemically modified RP was incorporated in natural rubber mixes either alone or in combination with carbon black (HAF). The physicomechanical properties of NR vulcanizates obtained were studied and compared to NR vulcanizates filled with untreated RP. It was found that the chemically modified RP improves tensile strength and aging resistance of NR vulcanizates compared with untreated RP. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 30–36, 2004     

A novel grafting‐modified waste rubber powder as filler in natural rubber vulcanizates

Polycardanol was synthesized from cardanol, paraformaldehyde, p‐toluenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), and phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) via a two‐step process. Results indicated that polycardanol is an acid with high molecular weight and can be self‐crosslinked at high temperature. A modified WRP (MWRP) grafted by long chain can be obtained from the reaction between WRP and polycardanol. The sulfur content of MWRP is 0.27%, which is lower than that of WRP by 0.47%. The oxygen content of MWRP is higher by 13% than that of WRP. The phosphorus content of MWRP reaches 5.25%. The water contact angle of MWRP is 91.5°, whereas that of WRP is 123.7°. The properties of the WRP/NR and MWRP/NR composites were also investigated. MWRP/NR possesses higher tensile strength than WRP/NR because of the enhanced interfacial interaction between MWRP and the NR matrix. Post‐treatment is also conducive for MWRP/NR to improve its tensile strength at high MWRP content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42993.     

The rubber damper reinforced by modified silica fume (mSF) as an alternative reinforcing filler in rubber industry

Silica fume (SF) is a by-product from the production of ferrosilicon alloy which it can be purified. The surface of SF is treated with bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide (TESPT) to obtain modified silica fume (mSF) as reinforcing filler. FTIR and TGA results confirmed that TESPT can successfully treated onto the surface of SF. The effect of surface treatment by TESPT and mSF content on the cure characteristics and rubber mechanical properties are investigated; as compared with SF and unfilled natural rubber. Results reveal that, the mSF affects not only fast cure rate, but also improve rubber mechanical properties. Additionally, the mSF and SF are incorporated into the natural rubber to produce rubber damper and then study the rubber product performance such as static spring rate and durability property. The mSF seems effective in improving the stiffness and crack resistance of rubber damper more than SF which is due to enhancing the degree of crosslink density. It can be proved that mSF as alternative reinforcing filler in rubber industry.     

硅烷偶联剂改性炭黑-白炭黑双相粒子对天然橡胶物理机械性能的影响

用硅烷偶联剂（Si 69）改性炭黑-白炭黑双相粒子（CSDPF）,研究了CSDPF的改性及用量对天然橡胶（NR）物理机械性能及填料-橡胶相互作用的影响。结果表明,随着CSDPF或改性CSDPF（mCSDPF）用量的增加,所填充硫化胶的物理机械性能均有所提高。在填充量相同的情况下,mCSDPF/NR硫化胶的物理机械性能更好。填充量为60份（质量,下同）时,与CSDPF/NR硫化胶相比,mCSDPF/NR硫化胶的拉伸强度增加14.57%,疲劳寿命提高40.74%,磨耗体积减小10.00%;填充量为40份时撕裂强度提高32.11%。mCSDPF与NR之间的相互作用更强。     

Organomodified montmorillonite as filler in natural and synthetic rubber

The filler action of dodecylamine (12C) intercalated montmorillonite (MNT) referred to as organomodified montmorillonite (12C‐MNT) up to 4 wt % on natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was studied and findings were compared with respect to the unmodified Na‐MNT. X‐ray analysis was used to calculate the interchain separation (R and R′), degree of crystallinity (X_c), and distortion factor (k). It is noted that R and R′ showed the opposite trend, whereas X_c as well as k showed overall increasing trend with an increasing amount of 12C‐MNT on both NR and SBR. For Na‐MNT (1 wt %) filled NR and SBR, the corresponding magnitude of R and R ′ and X_c showed nearly no change, whereas k_c increased significantly. The crosslinking density (v_c) does not show any significant changes in NR, whereas for SBR, it increases with increasing 12C‐MNT as filler. Interestingly, in the case of 1 wt % pure Na‐MNT used as filler for both NR and SBR, v_c was lower compared to the virgin rubbers. Both swelling index (s_i) and sol fraction (Q) do not show any significant variation for NR composites, whereas these decrease for SBR composites with increasing concentration of 12C‐MNT filler. On the contrary, NR and SBR with 1 wt % of Na‐MNT filler show greater magnitude of s_i and Q corresponding to the pure ones. Measurements of mechanical properties showed a significant increase in tensile strength and elongation at break for NR‐12C‐MNT (4 wt %) when compared with either virgin NR. In addition, modulus at the elongation at 100 and 200% in general increases with increasing loading of 12C‐MNT filler in NR. Similar observations were also noted in the case of SBR. Interestingly, when only pure Na‐MNT is used as filler, the strength of NR and SBR decreases drastically. Scanning electron microscopic studies were also to used support the mechanical behavior of NR‐12MNT and SBR‐12CMNT composites. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3583–3592, 2004     

Torrefied agro-industrial residue as filler in natural rubber compounds

This study explored the feasibility of using torrefied biomass as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber compounds. Carbon black was then replaced with the torrefied biomass in elastomer formulations for concentrations varying from 0% to 100% (60 parts per hundred rubber or phr total). Their influence on the curing process, dynamic properties, and mechanical properties was investigated. Results were compared with the properties of vulcanizates containing solely carbon black fillers. Time to cure (t₉₀) for compounds with torrefied biomass fillers increased, while filler-filler interactions (ΔG') decreased, compared to carbon black controls. At low strains, the tan δ values of the torrefied fillers vulcanizates were similar to the controls. Incorporation of torrefied biomass into natural rubber decreased compound tensile strength and modulus but increased elongation. Replacement with torrefied fillers resulted in a weaker filler network in the matrix. Still, results showed that moderate substitution concentrations (~20 phr) could be feasible for some natural rubber applications.     

Kaolin modified with sodium salt of rubber seed oil as a reinforcing filler for blends of natural rubber,polybutadiene rubber and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber

Blends of natural rubber (NR) and synthetic rubbers are widely used in the rubber industry to meet specific performance requirements. Further, the emerging field of organomodified clay/rubber nanocomposites could provide a host of novel materials having a unique combination of properties to meet various stringent service conditions. Previous studies have shown that at very low dosages, china clay (kaolin) modified with sodium salt of rubber seed oil (SRSO) improved the cure characteristics and physico‐mechanical properties of NR. Results of the present study show improved cure characteristics and physico‐mechanical properties for blends of NR with butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber containing 4 phr of SRSO‐modified kaolin as indicated by reduction in optimum cure time along with higher tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break for their vulcanizates as compared to those containing unmodified kaolin. The SRSO‐modified kaolin/rubber nanocomposites showed improved flex resistance, reduced heat build‐up, tan delta and loss modulus and higher chemical crosslink density index, indicating a reinforcing effect of the SRSO‐modified kaolin, enabling the nanocomposites to have potential industrial applications. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of cellulose as a filler in vulcanized rubber composites

Composites of elastomers and cellulose have been investigated. Copolymers of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) as well as natural rubber (NR) were compounded with regenerated cellulose (Cellulose II). The technique for the incorporation of filler was based on the coprecipitation of the rubber latex-cellulose xanthate mixture. Cellulose filler was used in the range of 0 to 30 phr. The best results were shown by the natural rubber-regenerated cellulose systems. The different behavior of the systems is explained by experimental evidence. The reinforcement mechanism for NR compositions, which involves an induced crystallizing rubber (NR), seems to be different from the mechanism for SBR and NBR.     

改性粘土的偶联效果检测及其作为鞋用混炼胶增强剂的应用

以１％ＷＤ－５０硅烷偶联剂于８０℃处理３０ｍｉｎ的改性粘土为增强剂,用于增强鞋用混炼胶。实验结果表明,其增强效果接近日本产０号沉淀白炭黑的水平。     

Organomodified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber

China clay (kaolin) has been modified with sodium salt of rubber seed oil (SRSO). SRSO was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). XRD of the unmodified and SRSO‐modified kaolins showed an increase in the d‐(001) spacing of kaolin platelets from 7.15 to 14 Å. FTIR spectroscopy indicated possible grafting of the organic moiety of rubber seed oil (RSO) onto the clay surface. DTA of the SRSO‐modified kaolin indicated that the SRSO is more strongly bound in a constraint environment within the lamellae of kaolin. Natural rubber (NR) mix containing 10 phr of SRSO‐modified kaolin was found to cure faster than that of a similar mix containing unmodified kaolin. NR vulcanizates containing SRSO‐modified kaolin showed considerable increase in tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break indicating its potential as an organomodified nanofiller. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008