水菱镁石制备轻烧MgO粉的煅烧工艺研究

以粒度3～5 mm的水菱镁石为原料,研究了煅烧温度(600、700、800、900和1 000℃)和保温时间(2、3、4和5 h)对轻烧MgO粉活性和热选(分别过孔径0.425、0.150和0.074 mm筛)降CaO率的影响。结果表明:1)轻烧MgO粉的活性随煅烧温度的升高及保温时间的延长均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,拐点分别为800℃和3 h。2)热选降CaO率随煅烧温度的升高呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,拐点为800℃;随保温时间的延长呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,拐点为3 h;筛孔孔径越大,热选降CaO率越高。3)水菱镁石制备轻烧MgO粉的最佳工艺参数是900℃保温3 h煅烧,然后过0.425 mm筛热选。     

α-Al2O3微滤膜耐酸碱腐蚀性研究

以20μmα-Al2O3粉为主要原料,钛白粉、轻烧MgO粉和钛溶胶为微滤膜添加剂,采用固相烧结反应法制备了强度和耐酸碱腐蚀性较好的α-Al2O3微滤膜.实验探讨了添加剂的种类、烧结制度对微滤膜耐酸碱腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,采用固相烧结反应法,α-Al2O3粉中加入5%钛溶胶,经1450℃煅烧,可制备孔隙率为26%,强度为50MPa耐酸碱腐蚀性较好的α-Al2O3-钛溶胶体系微滤膜;α-Al2O3粉中加入4%轻烧MgO粉和1%ZnO2,经1500℃煅烧,可制备孔隙率为25%,强度为80MPa耐酸碱腐蚀性较好的Al2O3-MgO-ZnO2体系微滤膜.     

Y2O3和CeO2对镁砂烧结性能及显微结构的影响

以菱镁石于950℃制得的轻烧MgO粉(≤0.088 mm)为主要原料,分别加入质量分数为1%、2%、3%、4%的Y2O3和CeO2混匀,压制成型后于1 600℃煅烧3 h,冷却后测其体积密度和线收缩率,并利用XRD、SEM、EDS分析试样的物相组成及显微结构,以研究Y2O3和CeO2对镁砂烧结性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明:1)引入Y2O3和CeO2均有利于镁砂的烧结致密化,镁砂试样的体积密度和烧后线收缩率随其加入量的增加而增大;在加入量相同的情况下,加入Y2O3对镁砂的促烧结作用比加入CeO2的更明显。2)引入的Y2O3和CeO2都有部分固溶于方镁石晶体内,使MgO晶格发生畸变,有利于MgO晶粒发育良好,晶粒长大,晶界明显;Y2O3能与镁砂中的CaO、SiO2形成钇硅酸盐相分布在晶粒之间,而部分CeO2以游离形式存在于晶粒之间。3)与引入CeO2的试样相比,引入Y2O3的试样中气孔更加集中,晶界更加清晰,MgO晶粒尺寸较大,这是由于Y2O3和CeO2的性质差异造成稀土离子参与固溶体粒子取代程度不同的缘故。     

镁橄榄石质轻质球形骨料的制备

为了降低镁基轻质浇注料在受热过程中的收缩并提高其初始强度,以菱镁矿细粉、天然硅石粉、轻烧MgO和SiO_2微粉为原料,使用硫酸镁溶液为结合剂,采用圆盘造粒机成型料球,分别在1 400、1 420、1 450℃下保温3 h煅烧制备了镁橄榄石质轻质球形骨料。分别研究了结合剂浓度、原料配比和煅烧温度对骨料体积密度、显气孔率、料球强度的影响。结果表明:以质量分数分别为71. 1%的菱镁矿、24. 6%的硅石粉、3. 8%的轻烧镁粉和0. 5%的SiO_2微粉配料,加入w(MgSO_4)=15%的硫酸镁溶液为结合剂,经1 420℃保温3 h可以制备性能较佳的镁橄榄石质轻质球形骨料。     

天然白云石合成镁钙砂新工艺的研究

结合一步煅烧与两步煅烧工艺,采用粒度8～5、5～3、3～1 mm的天然白云石,研究了900、950、1 000、1 100℃轻烧温度下原料的活性和烧结性能;通过改变生料与消化料的混合比例,研究了镁钙砂的烧结性和抗水化性。结果表明:最佳的轻烧条件是粒径8～5 mm,轻烧温度1 000℃;随着生白云石粉含量的增大,镁钙砂的体积密度先增大后减小,在生白云石粉质量分数为50%时镁钙砂的烧结性能最好,体积密度最大可达到3.35 g.cm-3;生白云石粉的质量分数<50%时对合成镁钙砂的抗水化性能影响不大,当生白云石粉的质量分数>50%时,其抗水化性能急剧下降。     

Ca(OH)_2-菱镁矿混合粉体轻烧热分解进程及其对合成镁钙砂烧结性能的影响

为了在不降低镁钙高温性能的同时改善合成镁钙砂的烧结性能,以辽宁大石桥菱镁矿细粉(≤0.075 mm)、化学纯Ca O为原料,经湿磨消化、轻烧(分别于650和900℃保温40 min)、成型、不同温度煅烧(1 400、1 500、1 600和1 650℃保温3 h),研究了Ca(OH)_2-菱镁矿混合粉体的轻烧热分解进程及其对合成镁钙砂烧结性能的影响。结果表明,Ca(OH)_2的"分解-碳酸化-再分解"反应对混合粉体的热分解进程、轻烧粉体的结构及烧结性能有重要影响;Ca(OH)_2的引入可明显降低菱镁矿分解温度,防止轻烧粉体中"母盐假象"的形成,提高轻烧粉的均匀性,明显改善镁钙砂的烧结性能,促进合成镁钙砂的烧结致密化;Ca O含量(w)为20%的试样,经消化、900℃保温40 min轻烧、1 650℃保温3 h烧后,体积密度达3.34 g·cm~(- 3),显气孔率为2.2%。     

镁橄榄石骨料的合成及其对镁橄榄石质耐火材料性能的影响

采用XRD分析了镁橄榄石碎矿细粉及其分别经1200～1600℃3h煅烧后的物相组成,研究了煅烧温度和轻烧MgO加入量对镁橄榄石合成骨料显气孔率和体积密度的影响以及合成骨料对镁橄榄石质耐火材料常温物理性能的影响。结果发现:(1)镁橄榄石原料经1200～1600℃3h煅烧后,物相组成没有明显改变,主要以镁橄榄石相为主。(2)随着煅烧温度的提高,合成骨料的显气孔率先降低后增高,体积密度先增大后减小;以不同煅烧温度合成的骨料为主要原料制备的镁橄榄石质耐火材料试样经1600℃3h处理后收缩趋势增大,显气孔率逐渐下降,体积密度增大,抗折强度没有明显变化,耐压强度缓慢增大。(3)随着轻烧MgO加入量的增加,合成骨料的显气孔率先降低后增高,体积密度先增大后减小;轻烧MgO含量为10%时,合成骨料的显气孔率最小,体积密度最大;以添加轻烧MgO的合成骨料为主要原料制备的镁橄榄石质耐火材料试样收缩增大,显气孔率降低,体积密度增大,抗折强度先下降后增高,耐压强度先增高后降低。     

γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3与其对应的氢氧化物对合成尖晶石的影响

以γ-Al2O3(勃姆石在700℃保温4 h热处理后的产物)、α-Al2O3(Al(OH)3在1 400℃保温4 h热处理后的产物)、勃姆石、Al(OH)3为原料,与轻烧MgO按n(Al2O3):n(MgO)=1的组成配料并制备试样,研究了在800～1 600 ℃下不同氧化铝及其对应的氢氧化物对合成尖晶石的影响.结果表明:γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3分别同与其对应的氢氧化物为原料的试样具有相似的烧结性能;且以氢氧化物为原料比以氢氧化物煅烧后所得的氧化物为原料更有利于尖晶石的生成,但不利于尖晶石的致密化.     

岩峰白云石二步煅烧制备镁钙砂

以湖北岩峰地区的天然白云石为原料,在实验室内采用二步煅烧法制备了镁钙砂,研究了轻烧温度(分别为750、800、850、900、950、1000℃)和轻烧保温时间(分别为1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5h)对轻烧白云石的活性度,镁钙砂的体积密度、显气孔率和抗水化性的影响,以及煅烧温度(分别为1550、1600、1650、1700℃)对镁钙砂的体积密度、显气孔率和抗水化性的影响,确定了实验室制备镁钙砂的最佳工艺为:轻烧温度850℃,轻烧保温时间3h,烧结温度1650℃.     

MgO加入量和煅烧温度对镁橄榄石材料相组成的影响

采用河南西峡的橄榄石原矿,分别配以0、6%、12%、15%、18%、24%(质量分数)的轻烧镁粉和31.85%的菱镁石粉(Mgo质量分数为47.1%),以亚硫酸纸浆废液为结合剂制成φ50 mm×50 mm的圆柱试样,在1 000、1 200、1 300和1 550℃保温3 h煅烧后,采用XRD和SEM分析试样的相组成和显微结构.结果表明:与菱镁石粉比较,轻烧镁粉与橄榄石的反应活性较高;加入6%的轻烧镁粉基本可使橄榄石矿中的顽火辉石和磁铁矿分别转化为镁橄榄石和镁铁尖晶石(煅烧温度1 300℃以上);加入轻烧镁粉或菱镁石粉的试样经1 300℃煅烧后的矿物相趋于稳定.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。