添加物对Al2O3-TiC/Ti（C,N）系陶瓷复合材料组织和性能的影响

Al2O3-TiC/Ti(C,N)系陶瓷复合材料具有广阔的应用前景,但综合性能还有待进一步改善。分析讨论了TiC/Ti(C,N)主要成分含量对组织性能的影响,综述了Cr2O3、Y2O3、ZrO2等化合物添加物和Fe、Al、Co、Ni、Mo等金属添加物对Al2O3-TiC/Ti(C,N)系陶瓷复合材料中组织和性能影响的研究结果,并比较分析了其各自的特点。     

烧结助剂种类对Si_3N_4/SiC陶瓷力学与摩擦性能的影响（英文）

分别以Y2O3-Al2O3(YA)和Y2O3-MgO(YM)为烧结助剂,采用气压烧结工艺制备了Si3N4/SiC陶瓷,研究了两种不同的烧结助剂对陶瓷的力学和摩擦性能的影响。研究结果表明:添加不同种类的烧结助剂对制备陶瓷的相对密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性、硬度、摩擦系数和磨损率影响很大;与添加烧结助剂YM相比较,添加烧结助剂YA的Si3N4/SiC陶瓷在烧结过程中表现出了更好的烧结性能,得到的陶瓷样品最终显示了更好的力学和摩擦性能,尤其是SiC添加量为20wt%的Si3N4/SiC陶瓷。这主要归因于烧结助剂YA的添加使Si3N4/SiC陶瓷呈现出了更高的相对密度,获得的晶粒长径比更小。     

CaTiO3 对(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)微波介质陶瓷结构和性能的影响

利用常规固相法制备了ZnAl2O4-Mg2TiO4-CaTiO3陶瓷,研究了CaTiO3对其相成分、微观组织结构和微波介电性能的影响规律. 结果表明,CaTiO3能有效地改善(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)材料的烧结性能,使其致密化温度降低150℃. ZnAl2O4-Mg2TiO4-CaTiO3陶瓷体系中包括ZnAl2O4基尖晶石相、CaTiO3、MgTi2O5和Zn2Ti3O8相,当烧结温度高于1400℃时,Zn2Ti3O8相消失. 随着CaTiO3含量的增加,体系中CaTiO3相含量增加而MgTi2O5相含量减少,且CaTiO3具有显著地调节谐振频率温度系数的作用. 当在(1-x)ZnAl2O4-xMg2TiO4(x=0.21)体系中掺入6mol%的CaTiO3添加剂时,经1400℃烧结后能获得温度稳定性好的微波介质陶瓷材料,其微波介电性能为:εr=11.8,Q*f=88080GHz,τf=-7.8×10-6/℃.     

(Y0.99R0.01)2Ti2O7(R=Pr、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Y0.99R0.01)2 Ti2O7(R=Pr、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)陶瓷,研究了Pr、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb及Lu掺杂对Y2Ti2O7陶瓷物相组成、烧结性能和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明A位取代能改进其微波介电性能.烧结样品为单相的烧绿石结构,主晶相为Y2Ti2O7.当R=E...     

Ni和Ti的添加对Al2O3-Ti（C,N）复合材料性能的影响

研究了Ni和Ti的添加对真空热压烧结方法制备的Al2O3-Ti(C,N)陶瓷基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响.发现添加Ni和Ti的复合材料主要由Al2O3、Ti(C,N)和Ni组成,没有发现存在金属Ti.Ti由于非常活泼,在热压烧结过程中可能与石墨模具产生的含C气氛反应生成TiC,或与高温下Ti(C,N)的少量分解产生的N2气氛反应生成TiN,这有利于减少复合材料中的气孔.适量添加Ni可通过液相烧结促进复合材料的致密化,提高复合材料的相对密度,并能通过产生裂纹偏转和裂纹桥联提高复合材料的断裂韧性.热压温度为1550℃、等摩尔比的Ni和Ti混合粉末添加量为5vol%时,Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti复合材料的相对密度为99.6%,硬度为21GPa,抗弯强度为818MPa,断裂韧性为8.1 MPa.m1/2.     

SiC晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

介绍了SiC晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料的烧结合成方法,将各动力学因素(晶须含量、混合工艺和烧结温度)对热压烧结法制备SiC晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料的影响进行了详细阐述,叙述并讨论了SiC晶须增韧的不同机理,并展望了该领域的研究方向.     

苯甲酸含量对β-SiAlON孔隙率和力学性能的影响

以高纯Si3N4,Al2O3和AlN为原料,Y2O3为烧结助剂,苯甲酸为造孔剂,采用常压烧结方法制备β-SiAlON多孔陶瓷.研究改变苯甲酸的含量,SiAlON陶瓷孔隙率和力学性能的变化趋势问题.结果表明:以苯甲酸为造孔剂在1750℃条件下制备了以β-SiAlON为主相的多孔陶瓷,基体中大量柱状晶交叉分布;气孔形貌多为椭圆形,孔隙率随着苯甲酸含量增加而增加;且陶瓷的抗弯强度及硬度随苯甲酸增加明显降低.     

添加剂对Y2Ti2O7陶瓷的微波介电性能的影响（英文）

研究了CrO3、Nb2O5、SiO2及Al2O3对Y2Ti2O7陶瓷的烧结性能、相组成和微波介电性能的影响.其中Nb2O5掺杂能够降低Y2Ti2O7陶瓷材料的烧结温度,提高基体陶瓷的介电常数和品质因子,引起谐振频率温度系数的明显变化.且随着Nb2O5含量的增多,所有样品的主晶相仍为立方烧绿石型Y2Ti2O7,Nb5+可能进入烧绿石结构中,部分取代Ti4+所在位置.实验结果表明:1mol%Nb2O5掺杂的陶瓷材料在1420℃下烧结致密,具有最佳的微波介电性能:εr=61.8,Q×f=9096GHz(f=5.494GHz),τf=54×10-6/℃.     

碳纳米管增韧超细Ti(C|N)基金属陶瓷

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的低韧性限制了其广泛应用于切削刀具领域。为探究碳纳米管对超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷断裂韧性的影响,采用化学镀工艺在碳纳米管表面镀Ni,采用粉末冶金法真空烧结制备了不同碳纳米管含量的超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了不同含量镀镍和未镀镍的碳纳米管对Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷组织和断裂韧性的影响。扫描电镜照片表明 , 添加CNTs后,组织中出现无芯晶粒及微孔洞。压痕法测试断裂韧性的结果表明,纳米管的加入使超细Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷的断裂韧性提高 29. 4 %～62. 7 % , 碳纳米管增韧机制为裂纹偏转和桥接增韧、无芯晶粒增韧及微孔洞增韧。此外,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,超细CNTs/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合材料的相对密度和硬度均有轻微下降。添加镀镍和未镀镍碳纳米管对超细Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷都具有很好的增韧作用。     

溶胶-凝胶法引入ZnO-2B2O3-7SiO2玻璃对BaO-Sm2O3-4TiO2陶瓷性能的影响

采用固相反应法合成BaO-Sm2O3-4TiO2 (BST)陶瓷粉体.系统研究了溶胶-凝胶法引入ZnO-2B2O3-7SiO2 (ZBS)玻璃对BST陶瓷烧结特性、物相组成、微观形貌及介电性能的影响.结果表明,添加ZBS玻璃的陶瓷试样主晶相仍为类钙铁矿钨青铜结构的BaSm2Ti4O12,次晶相为Sm2Ti2O7.通过溶胶-凝胶法添加6％(质量分数)的ZBS玻璃,可使BST陶瓷的烧结温度从1350℃降低到1050℃,在1050℃烧结3h所得BST陶瓷介电性能优良:εr=60.17,tanδ=0.004,τf=-7.9×10 6/℃.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...