Ag-Cu-In-Ti钎料钎焊SiO_(2f)/SiO_2复合材料与钼合金的接头组织及机理

设计了3种Ag-Cu-In-Ti钎料,在800℃/10 min工艺下实现了Si O2f/Si O2复合材料与钼合金的连接.室温下测试了接头的抗剪强度,通过扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了接头的微观组织和界面产物.结果表明,1号钎料所得接头平均抗剪强度最高,为24.1 MPa,其中Ti元素发挥了活性作用而富集在母材两侧的反应层,与Si O2发生反应为Ti+Si O2→Ti Si2+Ti O,伴随反应为Ti+Cu+O→Cu3Ti3O,并有一部分以Cu3Ti的形式块状分布在钎缝中,提高了接头的强度.1号钎料接头产物依次为Si O2→Cu3Ti3O+Ti O+Ti Si2→Ag(s,s)/Cu3Ti/Cu(s,s)→Cu3Ti+Ti O→Mo.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与5005铝合金的高频感应钎焊

为实现Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金的低温连接,采用Ag-Cu-Ti粉末对Al2O3陶瓷表面进行活性金属化处理.结果表明,当活性金属化温度为880~900℃,保温时间10 min时,在Al2O3陶瓷界面形成连续致密无缺陷的Ti3Cu3O反应层.采用Al-Si钎料对活性金属化Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金进行高频感应钎焊,研究了接头的典型界面组织及其形成过程.结果表明,当温度为600℃,保温时间为1 min时,铝合金侧由团状α-Al和晶间渗入的AlAg-Cu共晶组织构成,团状α-Al上有板条状初晶硅出现,Al2O3陶瓷侧有弥散分布的过共晶Al-Si组织,Ti3Cu3O反应层的形成是实现Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金可靠连接的关键,接头的最大抗剪强度达到52 MPa.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与紫铜的间接钎焊

利用Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-4%Ti金属化涂料,在金属化温度900℃、保温时间30 min条件下,对Al2O3陶瓷表面进行金属化处理,然后在钎焊温度600℃、保温时间5 min条件下,利用Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu钎料实现Al2O3陶瓷与紫铜的间接钎焊,通过SEM,EDS和XRD等分析测试手段对金属化层显微组织、Al2O3陶瓷/铜接头结合强度和接头断口形貌等进行了分析.结果表明,利用金属化方法得到了均匀且与Al2O3陶瓷结合良好的金属化层,并实现了Al2O3陶瓷与铜的间接连接,接头界面结构为Cu/Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5/Sn(s,s)+Ti6Sn5/Al2O3陶瓷.钎焊接头抗剪强度为13.6 MPa,接头断裂发生于金属间化合物层.     

AgCu+nano-Al_2O_3复合钎料钎焊TC4合金与Al_2O_3陶瓷:界面结构及接头性能

通过向Ag Cu共晶钎料中添加nano-Al2O3增强相(2%,质量分数)并采用高能球磨的方法获得了Ag Cu+nano-Al2O3复合钎料(Ag Cu C钎料)。采用Ag Cu C钎料实现了TC4合金与Al2O3陶瓷的高质量钎焊连接,确定了TC4/Ag Cu C/Al2O3钎焊接头的典型界面组织结构为:TC4/α-Ti+Ti2Cu扩散层/Ti3Cu4层/Ag(s,s)+Ti3Cu4+Ti Cu/Ti3Cu4层/Ti3(Cu,Al)3O层/Al2O3。Nano-Al2O3的添加抑制了钎缝中连续的Ti-Cu化合物层的生长,同时在钎缝中形成了颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物相增强的Ag基复合材料,改善了钎焊接头的界面组织。随着钎焊温度的升高,各反应层厚度逐渐增加,颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物不断长大,Ag基复合材料组织逐渐细小。当钎焊温度T=920℃,保温时间t=10 min时接头抗剪强度达到最大为67.8 MPa,典型断口分析表明:压剪过程中,裂纹起源于钎角处并沿钎缝扩展后转入Al2O3陶瓷,最终在Al2O3陶瓷母材侧发生断裂。     

高纯氧化铝陶瓷与无氧铜的钎焊

电真空应用中,要求高纯氧化铝与无氧铜的连接接头具有较高的强度和气密性.采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料直接钎焊高纯氧化铝陶瓷与无氧铜,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对接头组成、界面反应以及接头抗剪强度的影响,研究了铜基体材料对钎焊接头组织和界面反应的影响.钎焊温度850～900℃,保温时间20～60 min时,接头抗剪强度接近或达到90 MPa.钎焊工艺参数偏离上述范围时,接头抗剪强度较低.接头由Cu/Ag(Cu),Cu(Ag,Ti)/Cu3Ti3O(TiO2)/Al2O3组成,反应层以Cu3Ti3O为主,个别工艺条件下有一定量的TiO2生成,铜基体视工艺条件的不同对钎焊接头组织有一定影响.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金真空钎焊接头界面组织及性能

采用AgCuTi活性钎料实现了Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金的钎焊连接,研究了钎焊接头的界面结构及其形成机制,并且分析了不同钎焊参数对接头界面组织和接头力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金钎焊接头的典型界面组织为:Al_2O_3/Ti_3(Cu,Al)_3O/Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)+AlCu_2Ti/AlCu_2Ti+AlCuTi/TiAl。钎焊过程中,TiAl基体向液态钎料中的溶解量决定了钎焊接头界面组织的形成及其演化。随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Al_2O_3陶瓷侧的Ti_3(Cu,Al)_3O反应层增厚,钎缝中弥散分布的团块状AlCu_2Ti化合物逐渐聚集长大。陶瓷侧界面反应层的厚度和钎缝中AlCu_2Ti化合物的形态及分布共同决定着接头的抗剪强度。当钎焊温度为880℃,保温10 min时,接头的抗剪强度最大,达到94 MPa,此时接头的断裂形式呈现沿Al_2O_3陶瓷基体和界面反应层的复合断裂模式。     

高纯氧化铝与金属钛的钎焊

电真空应用中,要求高纯氧化铝与金属钛的连接接头不仅要有较好的强度,还要有高的气密性.用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料钎焊高纯氧化铝陶瓷与金属钛,钎焊温度为825～875℃,保温时间为15～20min,陶瓷表面为烧结自然表面时,钎焊接头抗剪强度可达到100MPa以上,连接温度过低或过高,保温时间过短或过长均对接头强度不利.陶瓷表面研磨后,接头强度降低.钎料厚度在60μm或105μm对接头强度的影响不大.接头由Al2O3/反应层(Cu,Al,Ti,0)/Ag Cu-Ti化合物/α-Ti(Cu)/Ti构成.反应层主要以Cu3Ti3O和Cu4Ti为主.     

SiO2玻璃陶瓷与TC4钛合金的活性钎焊

分别采用活性钎料AgCuTi和TiZrNiCu对SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金进行了钎焊连接,使用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段对接头的界面组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用两种钎料均能够实现对SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金的连接;SiO2/TiZrNiCu/TC4接头的典型界面为SiO2/Ti2O+Zr3Si2+Ti5Si3/(Ti,Zr)+Ti2O+TiZrNiCu/Ti基固溶体/TiZr-NiCu+Ti基固溶体+Ti2(Cu,Ni)/TC4;SiO2,AgCuTi/TC4接头的典型界面为SiO2/TiSi2+Ti4O7/TiCu+Cu2Ti4 O/Ag基固溶体+Cu基固溶体/TiCu/Ti2Cu/Ti+Ti2 Cu/TC4.当钎焊温度为880℃和保温时间为5 min时,SiO2/TiZrNiCu/TC4接头的最高抗剪强度为23 MPa;当钎焊温度为900℃和保温时间为5 min时,SiO2/AgCuTi/TC4接头的最高抗剪强度为27MPa.     

Ag基与Cu基钎料钎焊硬质合金与钛合金组织及性能对比研究

分别以Ag-Cu-Ti与Cu-Mn-Ni为钎料在不同工艺下进行了Ti6Al4V钛合金与YG8硬质合金的高频感应连接。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)对钎焊界面的显微组织、成分分布进行了考察分析,并检测了接头的抗拉强度。结果表明:采用Ag基钎料时,Ti6Al4V侧界面反应层为Ti(s.s)+Ti_2Cu/Ti_2Cu/Ti_2Cu+TiCu/TiCu/Ti_3Cu_4/TiCu_2+TiCu_4,YG8侧界面反应层为Ti_3Cu_4/TiCu_2+TiCu_4,在钎缝中心形成了韧性较好的Ag(s.s)+TiCu层,接头最高抗拉强度289 MPa;采用Cu基钎料时界面结构为Ti6Al4V/β-Ti/TiCu+Ti_3Cu_4+TiMn+Cu(s.s)/YG8,接头最高抗拉强度206 MPa。通过对比表明Ag基钎料所得到钎缝韧性较好,但反应时间过长易在母材与反应层间形成裂纹;Cu基钎料呈镶嵌结构,钎焊温度过高镶嵌结构破坏,接头性能急剧下降。     

真空钎焊工艺对Al_2O_3陶瓷/304不锈钢接头成形的影响

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料对Al_2O_3陶瓷与304不锈钢进行了不同工艺参数下的真空钎焊连接试验。通过SEM、EDS、XRD方法分析了钎焊接头的显微组织和界面反应产物,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对钎焊接头组织和裂纹的影响。结果表明,Al_2O_3/304接头钎缝分为3个反应区,分别是靠近陶瓷的反应层,由Ti O反应层和Ti3Al反应层组成;钎缝区,由Ag(Cu)固溶体、Cu(Ag)固溶体和Ti Fe_2组成;靠近不锈钢的Ti Fe_2+Ti O反应层。随着钎焊温度升高,保温时间的延长,接头钎缝中Ti Fe_2数量增加,尺寸增大,这降低了通过塑性变形缓解接头残余应力的能力,同时陶瓷侧界面反应层增厚。这些使得接头陶瓷的裂纹现象越严重。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.