一种新型镍基耐蚀合金与304奥氏体不锈钢异种金属焊接接头的组织和力学性能

对一种新型镍基耐蚀合金(X-2#)与304奥氏体不锈钢手工氩弧焊接接头进行拉伸性能和硬度的测试,并结合OM,SEM和EDS等手段,系统研究了焊接接头的组织和力学性能.结果表明,X-2#/304异种金属焊接母材晶粒尺寸为40~65 mm,有利于异种钢的焊接;X-2#合金一侧熔合区未发现焊接缺陷,而304奥氏体不锈钢一侧有铁素体析出,铁素体中富Cr贫Ni;重熔区附近与靠304奥氏体不锈钢一侧的热影响区晶粒长大严重.X-2#/304异种金属焊接接头热影响区的Vickers硬度最小.X-2#/304焊接接头室温拉伸断裂位置在焊缝区,而高温拉伸断裂位置在304奥氏体不锈钢基体.由于Al,W和Mo元素的强化作用,X-2#合金的高温力学性能优于304奥氏体不锈钢.     

铜/钢复合接头旁路热丝等离子弧增材特性分析

以旁路热丝等离子弧焊接方法为技术手段,选择304不锈钢和S201紫铜焊丝为增材材料,开展铜/钢复合接头电弧增材试验,研究增材顺序对异种金属增材成形的影响,对铜/钢复合接头的界面微观组织进行分析,并测试铜/钢复合接头的力学性能. 结果表明,采用先铜后钢的增材顺序,可有效防止铜/钢增材时的熔池塌陷问题,获得成形良好的铜/钢增材接头;由于泛铁现象的存在,铜/钢界面处的硬度和力学性能显著提高,复合接头的抗拉强度为256.8 MPa,断裂发生在铜侧,其断面收缩率为52.8%,断后伸长率为15.68%,断裂形式为韧性断裂.     

A304不锈钢与45钢的焊条电弧焊工艺

研究采用焊条电弧焊进行异种钢焊接的工艺。针对A304不锈钢和45钢焊接性问题,制订了焊接工艺。根据制订的焊接工艺对复合板施焊,并对焊接接头的拉伸性能、显微硬度及显微组织进行分析。试验结果表明,采用该工艺可以较好地进行A304不锈钢和45钢的异种钢焊接。     

T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能

采用钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)技术,采用ERNiCr-3和ERNiCrMo-3两种镍基焊丝实施T92/Super304H异种钢焊接,并对接头的显微组织结构及力学性能进行测试分析。结果表明:T92侧热影响区(HAZ)中粗晶区析出大量的第二相颗粒,细晶区则为细小的索氏体组织;Super304H侧HAZ奥氏体晶粒长大,晶界析出明显;ERNiCr-3焊接的焊缝组织呈胞状结构,晶粒粗大;ERNiCrMo-3焊接的焊缝组织呈柱状晶组织特征。ERNiCrMo-3焊接的接头强度、塑性及硬度较大,拉伸断裂位于Super304H母材;而ERNiCr-3焊接的接头强度、硬度较低,但冲击韧性较高,拉伸断裂位于焊缝。     

2205双相不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢的焊接

采用焊条电弧焊(SMAW),以E2209作填充材料对2205双相不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢异种金属焊接工艺进行研究,通过优化焊接工艺参数,获得了具有良好力学性能和合适双相比例的焊接接头.接头力学性能测试表明,拉伸试样断裂发生在强度相对较低的304母材侧;2205母材侧热影响区的显微硬度值高于焊缝和2205母材,而304...     

异种金属和镀层金属的焊接

20092234异种钢管焊接技术分析/薛福连//焊管.-2008,31(5):76~78通过对珠光体耐热钢与奥氏体不锈钢异种钢接头焊接性的分析,提出了合适的异种钢焊接工艺,并对合成氨装置变换炉增湿器管口进行了现场焊接。最后指出,在异种钢焊接时,首先应分析异种钢各自的焊接性、化学成分和理化性能,从而制定严格合适的焊接工艺,才能得到高质量的焊接接头。表4参620092235异种材料瞬时液相扩散焊过程的非对称性/陈思杰…//热加工工艺.-2008,37(15):87~89通过对12Cr2MoV贝氏体耐热钢和TP304H不锈钢异种金属的瞬时液相扩散焊(TLP)试验,确定其合适的工艺参数,实现了可靠的连接,并分析了元素分布情况,对异种材料的TLP过程的非对称性进行了研究。结果表明,在异种钢TLP过程中,存在元素的非对称扩散,从而引起接头两端等温凝固速度的不同,导致原始界面中心线向TP304H一侧偏移。图3表2参8异种金属和镀层金属的焊接     

T92和S30432马氏体/奥氏体异种钢焊接接头硬度研究

为了研究焊接工艺参数变化对异种钢焊接接头性能的影响,文中分别制备了不同热输入、焊接方法、焊接层数、焊丝类型、坡口角度、层间温度及热处理温度的T92/S30432异种钢焊接接头,分析了焊接工艺参数变化对异种钢焊接接头硬度的影响规律。研究发现：T92和S30432异种钢焊接接头的硬度在T92钢侧热影响区最高,S30432钢侧热影响区次之,焊缝硬度最低;热输入和热处理对两侧热影响区硬度产生相反的影响,自动钨极氩弧焊能升高热影响区硬度同时降低焊缝硬度;采用45°坡口角度降低了热影响区硬度;层间温度和焊接层数对接头硬度影响较小。     

铜与不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的显微组织

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法实现T2紫铜和不锈钢异种金属的焊接,得到外观成形良好、变形小的搭接接头。通过金相、能谱扫描分析焊接接头组织。结果表明:紫铜-不锈钢搭接接头后退侧塑性较好的紫铜金属材料从上往下流动形成层状流线,在焊缝交界处与塑性较差的不锈钢金属材料形成具有模糊界线的区域组织;焊核区上表面组织为细小的等轴晶,紫铜侧组织由于受高温时间较长,为粗大的等轴晶,钢侧组织受搅拌针端部作用形成再结晶晶粒,交界处出现涡流交迭形状;前进侧有两种组织形貌,即铜基混合条带和钢基混合条带;紫铜-不锈钢异种材料焊接时在不锈钢侧存在搅拌头磨损后脱落的元素成分。     

石墨与钢的放电等离子焊接

由于采用放电等离子技术对石墨和980钢异种难焊材料进行焊接,研究了焊接接头显微组织和显微硬度的分布,分析了放电等离子焊接工艺的冶金结合机理及过程.结果表明,在950℃/40MPa/3min的放电等离子焊接工艺下,石墨/980钢接头界面结合良好,无微观缺陷;界面区钢侧过渡区部分出现了先共析形态,石墨侧过渡区特征不明显.980钢HAZ区形成了典型的魏氏组织,显微硬度较高.放电等离子焊接接头的形成过程是热场、压力场和电场综合作用的结果,可以实现石墨与钢等异种难焊材料的良好连接,为工业领域内石墨与金属的连接提供了一种高效、低能耗和不需过渡层的新技术.     

M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢TIG焊连接机理

针对M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢的连接问题，使用TIG焊接方法，并对M390/304焊接接头进行拉伸、维氏显微硬度测试、SEM及EDS表征焊接接头力学性能及微观组织，X射线衍射分析各区域中相组成，统计焊缝及M390一侧不同区域的晶粒尺寸，揭示焊接接头的断裂机理。研究结果表明，采用TIG焊可以实现M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢异种金属连接，得到焊缝形貌美观、无孔洞、无夹杂等缺陷的焊接接头。最佳焊接工艺参数为：焊接电流120 A，电弧电压16 V，焊接速度3.3 mm/s；对应的抗拉强度为266 MPa。焊缝由马氏体、M23C6及M7C3组成，焊缝中晶粒尺寸最大，平均晶粒尺寸为17.96μm。由于焊缝基体组织为马氏体且晶粒尺寸最大，焊接接头断裂在焊缝，断裂类型为解理断裂。M390侧和焊缝中碳化物主要为（Cr、V）碳化物，从M390母材到粗晶区，碳化物形貌逐渐由颗粒状向长条状演变，热的作用导致碳化物长大聚集。     

Interfacial characterization of resistance spot welded joint of steel and aluminum alloy

The dissimilar material resistance spot welding of galvanized high strength steel and aluminum alloy had been conducted. The welded joint exhibited a thin reaction layer composed of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 phases at steel/aluminum interface. The welded joint presented a tensile shear load of 3.3 kN with an aluminum alloy nugget diameter of 5.7 ram. The interfucial failure mode was observed for the tensile shear specimen and fracture occurred at reaction layer and aluminum alloy fusion zone beside the interface. The reaction layer with compounds was the main reason for reduction of the welded joint mechanical property.     

Experimental study on dissimilar TIG welding-brazing of 5A06 aluminum alloy to SUS321 stainless steel

Dissimilar metals TIG welding-brazing of 5A06 aluminum alloy to SUS321 stainless steel has been carried out with Al-Si12 eutectic filler metal and modified non-corrosive flux. The surface appearance and microstructures of the joint were analyzed and the average tensile strength of the joint was estimated. The results show that a sound dissimilar metals joint is obtained by TIG welding-brazing. Slag and residual flux on steel surface can be removed by sanding easily. The joint has dual characteristics: in aluminum alloy side, it is a welded joint, while in stainless steel side, it is a brazed joint. The whole interface layer, unequal in thickness at different position, ranges from 5μm to 25μm. The average tensile strength of the butt joint reaches 120MPa and the fracture occurs at the interface layer.     

FSS/ASS厚壁异种钢“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”组合焊的接头组织与力学性能

为了有效解决铁素体不锈钢的焊接热影响区晶粒易粗化问题，以及奥氏体不锈钢焊接时在接头部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内因易形成蠕虫状δ铁素体而显著降低该区域耐腐蚀性的问题，提出了“TIG冷焊 + UNGW”的组合焊接工艺，并进行了1Cr17/1Cr18Ni9Ti厚壁异种不锈钢的焊接，同时对所得接头的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性进行了测试与分析. 结果表明，组合焊接头的1Cr17母材热影响区晶粒未发生粗化，并且1Cr18Ni9Ti母材部分熔合区及其附近热影响区内未形成蠕虫状δ铁素体；组合焊接头的抗拉强度优于1Cr17母材，并且1Cr17母材热影响区的冲击吸收能量与1Cr17母材相当；组合焊接头的熔敷层、1Cr18Ni9Ti母材、1Cr17母材、UNGW焊缝区及完整接头的耐腐蚀性呈依次下降的趋势.     

Fracture toughness and fatigue crack behaviour of A3003/SUS304 lap friction stir welded joints

Friction stir welding (FSW) can weld dissimilar metal joints without a thick and brittle intermetallic compound layer at the weld interface. In this study, the dissimilar lap joint of A3003 aluminium alloy and SUS304 stainless steel was successfully welded by FSW, and the joint obtained was tested to examine the properties of fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate. Its fracture toughness was different by the directions of crack propagation. The fracture toughness of advancing side (AS) to retreating side (RS) was stronger than that of RS to AS, and that of cryogenic temperature was stronger than that of room temperature. Its fatigue crack growth rate also showed the same tendency as its fracture toughness. These data were compared with the past data and discussed.     

预置间隙对铝/钢CMT接头强度与失效模式的影响

采用CMT熔钎焊方法,对汽车用镀锌低碳钢板与6061铝合金焊接接头的强度与破坏模式进行了研究.采用不同规格的塞尺控制铝/钢搭接接头的预置间隙,以改变铝/钢异种材料熔钎焊接头的熔合面积.结果表明,通过预置间隙的方法可以有效增大熔合线长度,从而提高焊缝接头的拉剪强度.在间隙为0.5 mm时失效模式发生变化,主要原因是焊趾处铝/钢界面层中的锌元素增大了界面层的脆性.     

Effects of processing parameters on the friction stir spot joining of Al5083-O aluminum alloy to DP590 steel

Two dissimilar materials, aluminum alloy Al5083-O and advanced high strength steel DP590, were successfully joined by using friction stir spot joining (FSSJ). Satisfactory joint strengths were obtained at a rotational speed of 300 rpm and a plunge depth of 0.7 mm. Resulting joints were welded without a non-welded zone. This may be attributed to the enhanced smooth material flow owing to sufficient stirring effect and tool down force between the upper Al5083-O side and the lower DP590 side. The maximum tensile shear strength was 6.5 kN, which was higher than the joint strength required by the conventional method of resistance spot welding. The main fracture mode was plug fracture in the tensile shear test of joints. An intermetallic compound (IMC) layer with <6 μm thickness was formed at the joint interface, which meets the allowance value of <10 μm for the dissimilar material Al-Fe joints. Thus, the use of FSSJ to weld the dissimilar materials Al5083-O and DP590 resulted in mechanically and metallurgically sound joints.     

铝和不锈钢摩擦焊接界面组织与性能研究

针对6061铝合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢异种金属焊接,采用连续旋转摩擦焊接实现铝钢异种材料焊接,并采用SEM、EDS进行组织分析和性能测试.试验结果表明:在旋转速率为600 r/min、顶锻压力为4.5 MPa,顶锻时间为2 s等工艺参数条件下,铝/钢摩擦焊接头结合紧密,界面呈现波纹状;接头抗拉强度可达252 M...     

AL - 6XN超级不锈钢与Q345R钢复合钢板工艺试验

采用爆炸焊接法对AL-6XN超级不锈钢与Q345R钢进行焊接,对复合钢板进行消除爆炸应力热处理。为保证焊接接头力学性能和耐蚀性能,复合钢板过渡层和覆层选用不同焊接材料和焊接方法进行试验,并对不同热处理温度下的复合钢板力学性能和耐蚀性能进行测试分析。结果表明,AL-6XN+Q345R复合钢板宜选择中温消除爆炸应力。复合钢板焊接工艺制定时,其过渡层和覆层应优先采用ERNi Cr Mo-3的氩弧焊工艺,以满足设备制造技术要求。     

Study on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joint prepared by gas tungsten arc welding multi-pass welding process

In this study, the joints of dissimilar materials between S355JR carbon steel and 316L stainless steel were welded by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) multi-pass welding process. Characterisations of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviours of dissimilar joint were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the microstructure of weld metal (WM) is austenite and vermiform δ-ferrite, and they cross-distribute in the weld seam. Moreover, there is a decarburisation layer on the interface of S355JR/WM, but the detrimental phase σ and M₂₃C₆ (chromium carbide) are not observed in the WM through X-ray diffraction. The fracture of the S355JR/316L welded joints always occurs in the S355JR heat affected zone during tensile test. Mechanical properties of the welded joints prepared by GTAW can meet the requirements of engineering application. The electrochemical corrosion test is also indicates that the corrosion resistance of WM decreases compared with the 316L base material. The corrosion products of S355JR/316L dissimilar welded joints in 3.5?wt-% NaCl aqueous solution mainly are α-Fe and FeOOH.