Al_2O_3颗粒增强Al-Mn合金基复合材料的制备及摩擦学性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备了Al2O3颗粒增强Al-2%Mn合金基复合材料,对复合材料的显微组织、硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：复合材料组织由Al基体、δ-Al2O3和MnAl6相组成,且Al2O3颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布。与原始铝基体相比,复合材料的布氏硬度提高了约70%。无论是干摩擦还是SO4.Cl-Na.Ca.Mg型弱碱性水溶液润滑摩擦情况下,复合材料的磨损量均显著低于铝基体。与铝锰合金相比,复合材料具有较低的冲刷腐蚀失重速率。复合材料具有优良的耐磨和耐蚀性。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基复合材料组织性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工法制备铝基SiC复合层,研究不同加工道次下SiC颗粒在复合层中的分布形态,并对复合层的组织形貌和显微硬度进行分析。结果表明:加工次数的增加,有利于复合层中SiC颗粒的均匀分布,经4道次搅拌摩擦加工后复合层中SiC颗粒分布均匀,基体金属组织中粗大Si相和枝晶完全消失,组织被明显细化。增强相SiC颗粒的加入使复合层显微硬度得到提高,4道次加工后搅拌摩擦中心区显微硬度最高值为71 HV,较基体金属(45HV)提高了26 HV,搅拌摩擦区的显微硬度平均值为68HV,为基体金属显微硬度(45HV)的1.5倍。     

搅拌摩擦加工研究进展

搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),是一种新型的材料塑性变形加工方法,它是在搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)的基础上提出的。从发明至今,研究者已经成功将FSP用于铸造金属微观组织细化、超塑性材料的制备、材料表面改性以及各种复合材料的制备中。搅拌摩擦加工工艺与搅拌摩擦焊接工艺基本相同,工艺参数对搅拌摩擦加工材料质量有很大的影响。综述了搅拌摩擦加工近年来的研究进展,主要包括不添加增强相的FSP和添加增强相的FSP两大类。其中不添加增强相的FSP主要有铸造金属微观组织细化和超塑性材料制备,添加增强相的FSP主要有材料表面改性和复合材料制备。搅拌摩擦加工制备复合材料根据添加相是否与基体反应生成增强相,又分为非原位合成法制备复合材料与原位合成法制备复合材料。文中对以上内容分别进行了总结与评述,最后指出了FSP今后发展应用的方向。     

TA2钛合金表面激光熔覆Ti_2SC/TiS自润滑耐磨复合涂层组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在TA2钛合金表面预置Ti+TiC+WS_2复合粉末制备了自润滑耐磨复合涂层,并对涂层的物相、显微组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能进行了分析。结果表明:涂层与基体呈冶金结合,无明显气孔和裂纹。涂层主要有α-Ti基体、增强相(Ti,W)C_(1-x)和TiC以及自润滑相Ti_2SC和TiS。涂层的平均显微硬度为1005.4 HV约为基体TA2的5倍。在干摩擦磨损条件下,对比TA2基体,由于涂层中自润滑相Ti_2SC、TiS的存在,涂层摩擦系数波动较平缓,磨损表面呈现轻微的黏着磨损,表现出较优异的耐磨减摩性能。     

搅拌摩擦加工制备镁合金表面复合层的显微组织和力学性能

选用轧态AZ31镁合金为基体、C60颗粒为增强相,采用搅拌摩擦加工技术(FSP)制备镁合金表面复合材料,搅拌针头旋转速度为600 r·min~(-1),加工速度为118 mm·min~(-1),分别进行1～3道次FSP加工后,通过金相、透射、硬度和拉伸等测试,对搅拌加工区复合显微组织和力学性能进行表征分析。研究表明:FSP可使镁合金晶粒显著细化; C60加入后,在1～3道次FSP内,随着加工道次升高,C60分散程度上升,复合材料平均晶粒尺寸降低,材料硬度上升,抗拉强度上升,但弥散于晶间的团聚颗粒使其拉伸性能低于母材;添加C60后的试样中,2道次硬度有明显上升,最高硬度可达母材的1. 73倍,3道次试样硬度平均值最高。结果表明,可通过FSP制备镁基表面复合层强化材料。     

水下搅拌摩擦加工制备CoCrFeNiMn/6061Al复合材料组织和性能研究

采用水下搅拌摩擦加工制备CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金颗粒增强6061-T6基复合材料，研究了时效热处理对CoCrFeNiMn/6061Al复合材料微观组织、显微硬度和磨损性能的影响。采用扫描电镜和电子背散射衍射技术对复合材料的微观组织进行了表征，采用显微硬度和磨损实验对复合材料的性能进行了评价。结果表明，经5道次搅拌摩擦加工后，CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金颗粒均匀分布在Al基体中，且与基体界面结合良好，无明显扩散层。时效热处理后，CoCrFeNiMn高熵合金颗粒与基体界面出现厚度约为200 nm的扩散层，复合材料的平均显微硬度达到120.0 HV,比Al基体提高了27.7%。与Al基体相比，复合材料的平均摩擦因数从0.4491升高至0.4855。时效热处理后，复合材料的平均摩擦因数降低至0.3188,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料搅拌摩擦加工的研究现状及展望

从增强相在铝基体中的分布均匀性、铝基体晶粒形状尺寸变化、添加颗粒对复合材料综合力学性能的影响等方面出发,详细介绍了目前搅拌摩擦加工技术在制备碳化硅(SiC)、氧化铝(Al_2O_3)和碳纳米管等颗粒增强铝基复合材料研究中取得的阶段性成果;总结了采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料工艺过程中亟待解决的共性问题,包括:颗粒含量的提高,颗粒添加方式的改进、增强相颗粒种类的扩展等。     

新型非晶增强铝基复合材料的制备及组织性能

利用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了一种新型的非晶增强铝基复合材料,用金相、显微硬度计及扫描电镜等分析复合材料的显微组织、硬度以及成分组成.结果表明,复合材料主要由母材和非晶带经搅拌摩擦加工后交替形成的层状结构组成,其显微硬度与母材相比有所提高.复合材料主要由α-Al,Mg2Al3,Mnal6以及La3Al11等物相组成,原始非晶带经搅拌摩擦加工后存在一定的晶化特征,而非晶的晶化可能是摩擦热、机械搅拌力以及轴肩压力等综合因素共同作用的结果.     

采用摩擦搅拌工艺制备Al/Al_2Cu原位纳米复合材料（英文）

采用摩擦搅拌工艺制备Al/Al_2Cu原位纳米复合材料,研究摩擦搅拌工艺参数如旋转速率、行进速率、搅拌道次和搅拌针形状对铝基纳米复合材料显微组织、化学反应和显微硬度的影响。由于摩擦搅拌工艺的机械活化效应以及Al-Cu放热反应产生大量的热,Al_2Cu粒子快速形成。纳米复合材料的显微组织包含细小晶粒的铝基体(~15μm)、未反应的铜纳米粒子以及Al_2Cu纳米强化相。Al_2Cu粒子的不规则形貌是由于摩擦搅拌过程中产生局部熔化。搅拌针直径对材料的显微组织和硬度具有较大的影响。与基体合金相比,所得复合材料的硬度提高了57%。     

AZ31B镁合金表面激光熔敷+搅拌摩擦加工改性层结构与性能

采用激光熔敷和搅拌摩擦加工相结合的方法在AZ31B镁合金表面分别制备了Cu+Al和Si+Al改性层。通过SEM、XRD、显微硬度测试以及电化学腐蚀对表面改性层的微观组织、相组成、显微硬度及耐腐蚀等性能进行分析。结果表明,用Cu+Al和Si+Al粉末制备的改性层化合物分别主要由β-Al_(12)Mg_(17)及少量的Al Cu_4、Al Mg和Mg_2Si、Al Mg及少量的β-Al_(12)Mg_(17)组成。搅拌摩擦加工改性层与镁合金基体结合良好,表面平整光滑、组织均匀细小。与镁合金基体相比,表面改性层的显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能均得到明显提高,经搅拌摩擦加工之后的添加Si+Al混合粉末改性层的HV显微硬度值最高可达2.96 GPa,比母材提高了385.3%;添加Cu+Al混合粉末改性层的自腐蚀电位最高可达–0.975 V,比母材提高了37.4%。     

Optimization of Mechanical and Wear Properties of Functionally Graded Al6061/SiC Nanocomposites Produced by Friction Stir Processing(FSP)

The objective of present work is to apply the friction stir processing(FSP) to fabricate functionally graded Si C particulate reinforced Al6061 composite and investigate the effect of Si C particle mass fraction distribution on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Al6061/Si C composite. Regarding the obtained results in this work, with increasing Si C mass fraction, elongation decreased, but hardness enhanced. However, the optimized functionally graded composite with the highest tensile strength and wear resistance was achieved for composite with 10 wt% surface Si C. Also,the results showed that wear resistance and tensile strength decreased for composite with 13 wt% surface Si C, due to reinforcement particle clustering depending on high Si C mass fraction.     

Influence of addition of Grp/Al2O3p with SiCp on wear properties of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 hybrid composites via friction stir processing

Aluminum alloy base surface hybrid composites were fabricated by incorporating with mixture of (SiC+Gr) and (SiC+Al₂O₃) particles of 20 μm in average size on an aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plate using friction stir processing (FSP). Microstructures of both the surface hybrid composites revealed that SiC, Gr and Al₂O₃are uniformly dispersed in the nugget zone (NZ). It was observed that the addition of Gr particles rather than Al₂O₃ particles with SiC particles, decreases the microhardness but immensely increases the dry sliding wear resistance of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 surface hybrid composite. The observed microhardness and wear properties are correlated with microstructures and worn micrographs.     

慢速搅拌摩擦加工对工业纯钛摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的利用慢速搅拌摩擦加工,获得工业纯钛细晶组织,提高其耐磨性能。方法采用慢速搅拌摩擦加工对TA2工业纯钛退火板材进行表面处理,获得细晶结构。使用EBSD技术和显微硬度检测仪对表面微观结构及力学性能进行表征。采用球盘式摩擦磨损试验仪对搅拌摩擦加工前后的样品进行摩擦磨损性能测试,计算磨损率,并使用SEM及EDS分析磨痕特征。结果搅拌摩擦加工处理后,工业纯钛晶粒尺寸显著细化,小角度晶界比例较高,加工硬化程度高。搅拌摩擦加工样品氧化磨损较为严重,粘着磨损程度减小。搅拌摩擦加工后,样品主要磨损方式由粘着磨损和二体磨损转变为氧化磨损和三体磨损。经过180 r/min、25 mm/min处理的工业纯钛磨损率仅为未加工样品的1/4左右。结论慢速搅拌摩擦加工可同时提高工业纯钛表面硬度及耐磨损性能,较小的晶粒尺寸及合适的加工硬化程度可减轻粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

TA2工业纯钛表面搅拌摩擦加工组织及性能

对TA2工业纯钛成功实现了搅拌摩擦加工(Friction Stir Processing, FSP),研究FSP后搅拌区、热机影响区、热影响区组织特征,对比分析FSP加工区与母材的显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：TA2工业纯钛表面经FSP后,搅拌区晶粒发生了剧烈的塑性变形、混合和破碎,实现组织结构的致密化、均匀化和细化;加工区平均硬度相对母材提高37.5%,当摩擦磨损圈数分别为1000、1500、2000 r时,摩擦磨损质量损失分别比母材减少31.4%、36.6%和46.4%,经FSP后TA2工业纯钛表面硬度和抗摩擦磨损性能明显提高     

Effects of SiC Particle Size and Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of AZ91/SiC Composite Layer Fabricated by FSP

In this study, friction stir processing (FSP) was employed to develop a composite layer on the surface of as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy using SiC particles (5 μm and 30 nm). The effects of the rotational and traverse speeds and the FSP pass number on the microstructure and microhardness of the friction stir processed (FSPed) layer with and without SiC particles were investigated. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed for microstructural analysis. FSP produces a homogeneous microstructure by eliminating the precipitates near the grain boundaries. The analyses showed that the effects of the rotational and traverse speeds on the microstructure of specimens produced without nano-sized SiC particles are considerable; however, they are negligible in the specimens with particles. While the second FSP pass enhances the microstructure and microhardness of the samples with SiC particles, it has no significant effect on such properties in the samples without SiC particles.     

Improving tribological behavior of friction stir processed A413/SiCp surface composite using MoS2 lubricant particles

The effect of MoS₂ lubricant particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological behavior of A413/SiC_p surface composite, fabricated via friction stir processing (FSP), was studied. For this purpose, the FSP was carried out with tool rotational speed of 1600 r/min, tool travel speed of 25 mm/min and tool tilt angle of 3° through only a “single pass”. The optical and scanning electron microscopies, microhardness and reciprocating wear tests were used to characterize the samples. The results showed that the addition of MoS₂ lubricant particles to A413/SiC_p surface composite leads to the decrease of friction coefficient and mass loss. In fact, the generation of mechanically mixed layer (MML) containing MoS₂ lubricant particles in A413/SiC_p/MoS_2p surface hybrid composite results in the reduction of metal-to-metal contact and subsequently leads to the improvement of tribological behavior.     

Microstructure and wear performance of Al5083/CeO2/SiC mono and hybrid surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to produce surface composites by incorporating nano-sized cerium oxide (CeO₂) and silicon carbide (SiC) particles individually and in combined form into the Al5083 alloy matrix. The study signified the role of these reinforcements on microstructure and wear behavior of the resultant surface composite layers. The wear characteristics of the resultant mono and hybrid surface composite layers were investigated using a pin-on-disc wear tester at room temperature. The microstructural observations of FSPed regions and the worn out surfaces were performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Considerable grain refinement and uniform distribution of reinforcement particles were achieved inside the nugget zone. All the composite samples showed higher hardness and wear resistance compared to the base metal. Among the composite samples, the hybrid composite (Al5083/CeO₂/SiC) revealed the highest wear resistance and the lowest friction coefficient, whereas the Al5083/SiC composite exhibited the highest hardness, i.e., 1.5 times as hard as that of the Al5083 base metal. The enhancement in wear behavior of the hybrid composites was attributed to the solid lubrication effect provided by CeO₂ particles. The predominant wear mechanism was identified as severe adhesive in non-composite samples, which changed to abrasive wear and delamination in the presence of reinforcing particles.     

Effect of Tool Rotation Speed on Microstructure and Microhardness of Friction-Stir-Processed Cold-Sprayed SiCp/Al5056 Composite Coating

SiC-particle-reinforced Al5056-matrix composite coatings were deposited onto Al2024 substrates by cold spraying using a powder mixture having 15 vol.% SiC. To investigate the effects of friction stir processing (FSP) parameters on the microstructure and microhardness of the as-sprayed coating, the as-sprayed composite coating was then subjected to FSP using a stir tool having a threaded pin with rotation speed of 600 rpm and 1400 rpm. Results showed that the coatings presented Al and SiC phases before and after FSP treatment, and no other diffraction peaks were detected. Fine grains were produced in the Al5056 matrix due to severe plastic deformation during FSP, and the refined SiC particles exhibited a homogeneous distribution in the FSPed coating. In addition, an evident reduction of porosity (from 0.36% to 0.08% at 600 rpm or 0.09% at 1400 rpm) occurred, and a dramatic size reduction of the reinforcement from 12.5 µm to 6.5 µm at 600 rpm or 7.0 µm at 1400 rpm was achieved. Nevertheless, the microhardness profile presented general softening and a decrease from 143.9 HV to about 110 HV.     

搅拌摩擦加工Mg-Zn合金空蚀—腐蚀交互作用研究

采用搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)技术对铸态Mg-Zn合金进行表面处理,以提高其耐空蚀—腐蚀性能。使用SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计观察和测定表面改性层的显微组织、元素分布、相组成和显微硬度,使用超声振动空蚀设备和电化学工作站研究其耐空蚀—腐蚀性能。结果表明:FSP技术能够细化和均匀铸态组织,消除成分偏析,提高材料表面硬度。FSP合金在人工海水中更易形成腐蚀产物膜,其保护性能更优,是FSP样品耐腐蚀性能提升的主要原因。铸态样品经FSP改性后硬度依然较低,故蒸馏水条件下的耐空蚀性能未获提升,但改性后合金良好的耐腐蚀性能提升了其在人工海水条件下的耐空蚀性能。